Контрольная работа 4, Вариант 3

Выполнены задания контрольной работы. Так как задание перевода текста не требует - перевода текста нет.

Упр. 1. Инфинитив (Infinitive)

(А) Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык. В каждом предложении подчеркните инфинитив и укажите его синтаксическую функцию (подлежащее, часть именного сказуемого, дополнение, определение, обстоятельство).

1. Railroad tracks are periodically inspected to identify the defects that can cause train damage or derailment.

2. The main task of a train dispatcher is to direct the movement of trains over a definite track section.

3. In the 1980s, the European railway operators began to develop high-speed passenger service systems to compete with air transport.

4. To carry all kinds of bulk freight to be protected from the weather, railroads use covered hopper cars.

5. As the rail joint is the weakest part of the permanent way, it is necessary to use continuous welded rails.

(Б) Составьте предложения их двух подходящих по смыслу частей. Переведите на русский язык те предложения, в которых инфинитив употребляется в функции дополнения.

 1. Special signals to be installed along the rail line …

a) to be hauled by one diesel locomotive.

2. The railways continue to increase train speeds …

b) to istribute load, to keep the ties in place, to drain water away the track.

3. The new carriages to be operated on the long-distance trains …

c) piggy-back service on its Trans-Australian Railway.

4. The main functions of track ballast are …

d) help enginemen drive trains without accidents.

5. Australia was the first to introduce …

e) to compete with air and road transport.

6. The coal train was too heavy …

f) consist of 10 two-berth compartments.

Упр. 2. Неличные формы глагола (Participle I, Participle II, Gerund, Infinitive)

Подберите к английским словосочетаниям (A) русские эквиваленты (B), учитывая правила перевода неличных форм глагола.

A

1. before installing the braking equipment

2. the braking equipment installed on the locomotive

3. while installing the braking equipment

4. to install the braking equipment

5. the mechanic installing the braking equipment on the locomotive

6. having installed the braking equipment

7. the braking equipment to be installed on the locomotive

8. after installing the braking equipment

9. the task is to install the braking equipment

10. without installing the braking equipment

B

a) установив тормозное оборудование

b) тормозное оборудование, которое будет установлено на локомотиве

c) устанавливая тормозное оборудование

d) задача состоит в том, чтобы установить тормозное оборудование

e) без установки тормозного оборудования

f) механик, устанавливающий тормозное оборудование

g) тормозное оборудование, установленное на локомотиве

h) после установки тормозного оборудования

i) перед установкой тормозного оборудования

j) для того чтобы установить тормозное оборудование

Упр. 3. Инфинитивные обороты

(А) Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык. В каждом предложении подчеркните инфинитивный оборот "Сложное подлежащее".

Model: He is unlikely to be able to get tickets for this train.

Вряд ли он сможет достать билеты на этот поезд.

1. The European train timetable is known to be changed on the second Sunday in June and the second Sunday in December.

2. Steam heating of passengers cars is believed to have come into use in the 1880s, practically eliminating the danger of fire.

3. Bi-level trains are claimed to be more energy efficient and have a lower operating cost per passenger.

(Б) Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык. В каждом предложении подчеркните инфинитивный оборот "Сложное дополнение".

Model: They expected the train to arrive on time.

Они рассчитывали на то, что поезд прибудет вовремя.

1. The chief engineer supposes emergency repairs of the damaged braking system to take several days.

2. When it's hot or very rainy, a dispatcher of CSX Transportation order trains to slow down for safety.

3. At the container terminal, one can see huge cranes transfer heavy containers from flatcars to road vehicles.

(B) Составьте английские предложения, соответствующие по смыслу русским предложениям. Обратите внимание на порядок слов в предложениях с инфинитивными оборотами "Сложное подлежащее" и "Сложное дополнение".

1. Вероятно, что доля железнодорожного транспорта в грузоперевозках сократится на 2% в ближайшем будущем.

of is likely in the near future to reduce the share freight traffic by 2 per cent railway transport in

2. Ты непременно опоздаешь на поезд, если не поторопишься.

unless you the train hurry up are sure to miss you

3. Высокая температура приводит к расширению металла и это может вызвать деформацию рельсов на железнодорожных путях

on the railway tracks it causes and to expand can make the rails high temperature metals buckle

4. Инженеры полагают, что устройства дистанционного управления найдут широкое применение при эксплуатации промышленных локомотивов.

for operating suppose industrial locomotives remote control equipment   to find the engineers wide application

Упр. 4. Условные предложения (Conditionals)

(А) Перепишите следующие условные предложения и переведите их на русский язык. Укажите тип условных предложений.

1. If the refrigerator car hadn't been invented, it would have been impossible to carry perishables over long distances.

2. If jointless track were used, wear and tear on rolling stock would be reduced and passenger comfort would be increased. 

3. If the train is delayed for an hour or more, the full price of a ticket will be refunded to passengers.

(Б) Закончите предложения, выбрав один из предложенных вариантов. Запишите свои ответы в таблицу:

1. The Tay Bridge wouldn't have collapsed under the action of the wind, …

a) if its structure had been strengthened.

b) if its structure were strengthened.

c) if its structure will be strengthened.

2. If there were no railways, …

a) it would be quite impossible to travel abroad.

b) we wouldn't have studied at Samara State Transport University.

c) it would be more difficult to carry such kinds of freight as coal, timber, iron ore, etc.

3. The railway won't be able to carry double-deck trains …

a) until it is electrified.

b) until the tunnels are reconstructed.

c) until all curves are straightened.

4. If the snowfall weren't so heavy today, …

a) trains would run at a slower speed.

b) train operation wouldn't be disrupted.

c) all the passengers would get off the train at the previous station.

5. The train derailment wouldn't have taken place …

a) if the track had been maintained properly.

b) if the railway bridge had been erected.

c) if there had been less passengers on the train.

Упр. 5. Типы вопросительных предложений (Types of Interrogative Sentences)

Перепишите предложения и задайте к ним вопросы. Тип вопроса указан в скобках.

1. The safety of train operation was improved with the introduction of the CTC system. (общий)

2. Rudolf Diesel received a patent for the diesel engine on 23 February 1893. (специальный)

3. The number of passengers is usually increased in summertime. (альтернативный)

4. In many countries, traditional long-distance trains have entirely disappeared. (разделительный)

5. The automatic air brake maintains constant air pressure throughout the train. (общий)

6. Trains run from two main London stations, Victoria and Charing Cross, every hour. (альтернативный)

7. A project to connect Thailand to Laos by the HS railway has been delayed for an indefinite time because of a lack of funds. (специальный)

8. There weren't a lot of passengers on the train bound for Geneva. (разделительный)

Упр. 6. Текст

(А) Прочитайте текст, устно переведите его на русский язык и письменно выполните послетекстовые упражнения.

CHANNEL TUNNEL

The Channel Tunnel is a railway tunnel that runs beneath the English Channel, connecting southern England with northern France. It is a modern-day wonder of engineering and technology.

Although the idea of an undersea tunnel was first brought up as early as 1751, construction of the Channel Tunnel didn't begin until 1988. Tunneling operations were conducted simultaneously from both ends, using eleven gigantic tunnel boring machine. On average, a tunneling rate was 426 m a week. 13,000 workers and engineers were involved in this unprecedented project.

On 6 May 1994, the tunnel was inaugurated by Queen Elizabeth II and French President François Mitterrand in a ceremony held in Calais. Regular commercial services began in December 1994. The Channel Tunnel is 50.45 km long; 37.9 km of this are undersea. On average, the tunnel runs 50 m below the seabed. At its lowest point, it is 75 m deep below the seabed, and 115 m below sea level.

The Channel Tunnel is not a single tunnel. It actually consists of three parallel tunnels: two 7.6-m diameter rail tunnels and a 4.8-m diameter service tunnel. Single-track rail lines are laid down in each of the running tunnels. Normally, the northern tunnel carries trains from Britain to France and the southern one carries trains in the opposite direction. If one of the running tunnels is closed down for maintenance, the other is used for train movement in both directions.

A service tunnel lies between the two train tunnels. There is a roadway inside it. This tunnel is designed for maintenance workers to access the tunnel complex and provides a safe route for escape during emergencies. Cross-passages link the rail tunnels to the service one at 375-metre spacing. There are also two crossovers where trains can change tunnels if they need to.

A – rail tunnels

B –a service tunnel

С – cross-passages

D - a piston relief duct

The tunnel carries three types of trains:

• high-speed Eurostar passenger trains running from London to Paris and Brussels;

• Eurotunnel Shuttles carrying road vehicles;

• international freight trains carrying both conventional rail freight and containerized freight between Great Britain and the Continent.

           Up to 400 trains pass through the tunnel each day, carrying an average of 50,000 passengers, 6,000 automobiles, 180 buses and 54,000 tonnes of freight.

Although safety is a top priority for Eurotunnel, there have been three fires that were significant enough to close the tunnel, as well as other incidents. For example, on 18 December 2009, over 2000 passengers were trapped in the tunnel for approximately 16 hours as the power supply system failed due to the cold weather and snow. On 7 January 2010, a Brussels-London Eurostar broke down in the tunnel. There were 236 passengers aboard. The train had to be towed to Ashford; other trains that had not yet reached the tunnel were turned back. The electrical supply problem in the train tunnel blocked traffic between Britain and destinations on the continent on 18 October 2016.

(Б) Перепишите следующие фразы и выпишите из текста их английские эквиваленты.

1. скорость прокладки тоннеля в среднем составляла

2. регулярные коммерческие перевозки

3. на 75 метров ниже дна моря

4. тоннельные работы велись одновременно с двух сторон

5. однопутные железнодорожные линии уложены в каждом из основных тоннелей

6. поперечные проходы соединяют железнодорожные тоннели со служебным через каждые 375 метров

7. разработан для доступа к основным тоннелям обслуживающего персонала и аварийной эвакуации людей в случае возникновения нештатных ситуаций

8. перейти из одного тоннеля в другой         

9. тоннель пропускает 3 типа поездов

10. произошел сбой в системе электроснабжения

(В) Перепишите следующие вопросы к тексту и ответьте на них.

1. Was construction of the Channel Tunnel a difficult engineering task?

2. How many years did tunneling last?

3. The digging of the Channel Tunnel began from the British coast, didn't it?

4. How many tunnels does the Channel Tunnel consist of?

5. Does the northern or southern tunnel carry trains from Britain to France?

6. Were there any emergency situations in the tunnel?

7. What happened in the Channel Tunnel in the late 2009?

(Г) Перепишите предложения. Если утверждение соответствует содержанию текста, напишите TRUE (верно), если не соответствует – FALSE (неверно), если в тексте нет точной информации – NOT STATED (не сказано). Исправьте неверные утверждения.

1. The English Channel is a rail tunnel linking southern England with northern France.

2. The Channel Tunnel was recognized as one of the "Seven Wonders of the Modern World" by the American Society of Civil Engineers.

3. The average depth of the tunnel is 50 m below the seabed, and the lowest point is 75 m below.

4. The total length of the Channel Tunnel is 37.9 km.

5. In case of emergency or a train breakdown, the passengers will leave the train through one of the cross-passages into the service tunnel where road vehicles will evacuate them to a safer place.

6. The railway tracks laid down in the running tunnels have a standard gauge.

7. Freight trains carry only containerized freight between Great Britain and the Continent.