Контрольная работа 4, вариант 2

выполнены упражнения согласно заданиям варианта, точный текст заданий ниже

Задание № 1. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните в них герундий и определите его залогово-временную форму и функцию. Предложения переведите.

1. It is important for industries to investigate the possibility of recovering the millions of calories of heat that are lost every day.

2. If steam is required for processing, a turbine may be modified by extracting the steam.

3. There are two general methods of firing fuel commonly used: 1) on stationary grates, 2) on stokers.

4. Using more equipment and more complex cycles gives better theoretical efficiencies.

Задание № 2. Перепишите предложения. Подчеркните в них герундиальный оборот. Предложения переведите, обращая внимание на форму герундия.

1. His being invited to take part at the conference was quite unexpected to him.

2. Kramskoy is also known for his having painted the portraits of his famous contemporaries: writers, poets, painters and actors.

3. Lebedev’s having worked out an efficient method of making artificial rubber (каучук) made our industry independent of imported rubber.

4. His friend’s being at home was of much relief.

Задание № 3.Перепишите предложения. Переведите их, обращая внимание на бессоюзное подчинение. Подчеркните придаточное предложение.

1. The next problem the professor dealt with was connected with the application of magneto hydrodynamic generator.

2. We believe the temperature of the water does not change in these conditions.

3. James Watt noticed the alternately heating the steam cylinder with steam and cooling it with injection water produced a large waste of energy.

4. Experiments show all gases expand when heated.

Задание № 4. Перепишите предложение и переведите их, обращая внимание на различные значения выделенных слов.

1. The heat exchanger serves as a steam boiler.

2. As the combustion is to be complete, the combustible gases enter in contact with the residual oxygen.

3. The voltage appears in the circuit due to its being supplied by this generator.

4. The key both opened the door and kept it locked.

Задание № 5. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст.

Supervisory actions

Apart from monitoring, a supervisory system should be capable of taking necessary action to influence operation of manufacturing system.

Changing the machining process parameters is the most common action taken in technological adaptive control systems (a change of tool, for example). When automatic changing of the tool condition in the machine tool is not possible the worn out tool may be automatically replaced by a new one. This is an easy operation for machining centers, because they are equipped with magazines for the automatic changing of tools.

In some cases of disturbances, such as collision between the tool and the production equipment, the automatic supervision in manufacturing system must interrupt the machining process as quickly as possible. An automatic recovery procedure may be applied later. This may involve changes to the process plans and certain types of machining operation may be eliminated.

In a typical system of automatic supervision the results of the manufacturing process are measured and necessary corrections are made to the process. In such a closed-loop system the influences of all disturbances on the measured result of manufacturing may be corrected, but a posteriori (that is, after they have already influenced the result). Another solution is to measure the value of the main disturbance and, knowing how it will influence the result, compensate this influence by appropriate changes in the work of the manufacturing systems. In such a supervisory system, only the influence of measured disturbances may be eliminated or reduced.

The automatic supervision in manufacturing systems may have different structures and work according to different control strategies. This is especially true for on-line manufacturing processes. Because of complicated processes and difficulties in process monitoring, a variety of techniques is often used.

Задание № 6. Письменно ответьте на вопросы к тексту.

1. What is the function of a supervisory system?

2. What is the most common action taken in technological adaptive control system?

3. When does the automatic system interrupt the machining process?

Задание № 7. Выпишите из 1-го абзаца герундий в функции обстоятельства.

Задание № 8. Выпишите из текста предлог, употребляющийся с глаголом “wear”и переведите его.