Контрольная работа 1, вариант 3

выполнены упражнения согласно заданиям варианта, точный текст заданий ниже

Упражнение 1. Глаголы to be и to have

Перепишите предложения, поставив глаголы to be и to have в указанную видовременную форму. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Grand Central Terminal in New York have 44 passenger platforms, more than any other railroad station in the world. (Present Simple)

2. Japan be the first country to pioneer the construction of new railways for high speed passenger trains. (Past Simple)

3. The standard gauge in most countries be 1,435 mm while in Russia the railways have a gauge of 1,524 mm. (Present Simple)

4. In Australia, a train passenger travelling without a ticket be liable to penalty of $200. (Future Simple)

5. The first passenger cars have neither lighting nor heating and they be very uncomfortable for travelling over long distances. (Past Simple)

Упражнение 2. Оборот There is / are

Составьте предложения из двух частей (A-B) и переведите их на русский язык.

A

1. There is 2. There are 3. There was 4. There were 5. There will be

B

a) several causes of the train derailment but the main one was excessive speed on a curve.

b) a disruption of the train service in Scotland tomorrow due to severe weather conditions.

c) steep grades on the line, two or more locomotives can be coupled to a train.

d) a transition from steam to electric and diesel power during the 20th century.

e) one minute left before the train leaves.

Упражнение 3. Притяжательный падеж существительных

А. Перефразируйте следующие словосочетания, употребляя притяжательный падеж, и переведите их на русский язык.

1. the first locomotive of the Cherepanovs

2. the staff of the railway company

3. a cab of an engine driver

4. the largest rail terminal of Britain

5. the first steam locomotive in the world

6. the destination of the train

Б. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык.

1. Bombardier's double-deck railway cars are used extensively on suburban trains in Germany.

2. The world's first steam-powered railway was built between Stockton and Darlington.

3. There is a radiotelephone in each driver's cab and a dispatcher can communicate with the driver in case of emergency.

Упражнение 4. Степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий

А. Образуйте сравнительную и превосходную степень следующих прилагательных по модели. Переведите их на русский язык.

quick, accurate, easy, strong, available, many, friendly

Б. Перепишите предложения и переведите их. Подчеркните прилагательные и наречия в сравнительной или превосходной степени. Укажите степень сравнения.

1. Aluminum cars are lighter, more durable than cars with steel bodies but they are more expensive.

2. According to the Guinness World Records, the heaviest freight train was 4,568 miles long and weighed 220 million pounds.

3. EMUs are more comfortable than DMUs because they are quieter and vibrate less due to the absence of diesel engines.

4. The underground railway is the quickest, safest, most convenient and reliable means of city transport.

5. Rails become longer when it's hot and become shorter when it's cold.

В. Заполните пропуски, выбрав один из предложенных вариантов.

1. The use of modern equipment makes the loading and unloading of goods ___ and faster.

a) harder b) easier c) simple d) slower

2. Container trains are one of ___ types on modern railways.

a) more common b) less common c) the most common d) the least common

3. The ___ train station in England is little over 600 meters long. That's as large as 6 football fields.

a) longest b) shortest c) widest d) deepest

4. The concrete sleepers are ___ than the wooden ones, and they last longer.

a) inexpensive b) more brittle c) less durable d) more reliable

5. The ___ steam-powered miniature railway in the world is the track, which encircles the Disney Park.

a) more outstanding b) most outstanding c) less outstanding d) least outstanding

6. The long-welded rails provide a ___ running of trains than those having joints.

a) smoother b) slower c) longer d) narrower

7. The Daqin Railway is the ___ freight line in the world; it transports more than 1 million tons of coal every day.

a) simplest b) busiest c) latest d) oldest

8. George Pullman invented the sleeping car, which was much ___ for long-distance travel than any other kind of cars in use at that time.

a) most important b) less durable c) most comfortable d) more suitable

9. The cast iron rails were replaced by steel ones because steel is much ___ than iron.

a) weaker b) harder c) stronger d) lighter

10. Seikan Tunnel, the world's ___ railway tunnel, connects Japan's main island of Honshu with island of Hokkaido.

a) longest b) shorter c) most dangerous d) more expensive

Упражнение 5. Времена групп Simple, Continuous, Perfect в действительном залоге

А. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык. Подчеркните в каждом из них сказуемое и укажите его видовременную форму по модели. Обратите внимание на то, что в предложении может быть несколько сказуемых.

1. By the end of the 1960s, diesel traction had almost completely replaced steam as the standard motive power on non-electrified lines.

2. China is planning to build six more mainlines and several branch lines to connect Tibet with other parts of the country by 2025.

3. On 18 December 2017, the Amtrak Cascades train derailed near DuPont, Washington because of the excessive speed on the curve.

4. There were 78 passengers and 5 crew on the train, which was making its first journey along a new high-speed route between Olympia and Tacoma.

5. The use of long-welded rails has improved vehicles' riding qualities and has reduced track maintenance costs.

Б. Перепишите предложения, поставив глагол в указанную видовременную форму. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. With the introduction of Centralized Traffic Control, the safety of train operation (to improve / greatly – Present Perfect Active).

2. In the 1860s-70s, Pavel Melnikov (to play – Past Simple Active) a key role in the expansion of the railway network throughout European Russia.

3. Freight traffic is an important field of national economy and it (to develop – Present Continuous Active) at a high rate.

4. When we (to come – Past Simple Active) to the station, the train (to arrive / already- Past Perfect Active) and the passengers (to hurry - Past Continuous Active) to take their seats.

5. The train (to cover – Future Simple Active) the distance from St. Petersburg to Moscow in 3 hours if it (to move – Present Simple Active) at 250kmh.

Упражнение. 6. Порядок слов в общих и специальных вопросах

Перепишите предложения. К каждому предложению задайте по два вопроса: общий и специальный. Специальные вопросы начинайте с вопросительных слов, данных в скобках.

1. Our train was standing at platform No 4 ready to leave. (Какой?)

2. The Sapsans depart from the Leningradsky rail terminal about ten times a day. (Как часто?)

3. The trip by train from Moscow to Vladivostok took seven days. (Сколько?)

4. At the next railway station, the train will halt for an hour. (Как долго?)

5. To control the movement of trains, railway engineers have developed complex systems of communication and signaling. (Зачем?)

Упражнение 7. Текст

А. Прочитайте текст, устно переведите его на русский язык и письменно выполните послетекстовые упражнения.

RAIL TRANSPORT IN JAPAN

Modern means of transport connect all parts of Japan and provide the fast, safe, efficient movement of passengers and goods. Railways are the main means of land transportation.

The first 123-km railway was laid down between Tokyo and Yokohama in 1872. Much of the equipment, including the locomotives, was provided by British manufacturers, hence the choice of 1,087-mm gauge, at that time popular for new railways in the British colonies as being more economical than the 1,435-mm gauge. This remained the predominant gauge throughout Japan until the second part of the 20th century.

By 1930, a rail network had covered the four main islands. Most private lines were nationalized in 1906 and passed to a public corporation, the Japanese National Railways (JNR). In 1949, the JNR operated about four fifths of Japan's 17,000 miles of narrow-gauge railway lines. It owned about 90 % of all rolling stock. Because of postwar population growth and economic development, the carrying capacity of Japan's railways considerably decreased. To improve the situation, the first Shinkansen line – the Tokaido Shinkansen – was opened for traffic between Tokyo and Osaka in 1964. The 515-km railway was built to standard gauge and operated at speed of up to 210 kph, unprecedented for a normal service train at that time and transforming long distance rail travel in Japan.

At present, the Shinkansen network totals around 2,765 km and operates at speeds of up to 320 kmh. Shinkansen trains link most major cities on the islands of Honshu and Kyushu, and Hakodate on northern island of Hokkaido. The railways of Honshu are linked to Hokkaido by undersea tunnels and to Shikoku by ferry service. The original Tokaido Shinkansen is the world's busiest HS rail line. At peak times, it carries up to 13 trains per hour in each direction with a minimum headway of 3 minutes. Each 16-car train takes in up to 1,323 passengers. High-speed trains make the 320-mile run from Tokyo to Osaka in less than three hours.

In 1987, because of the huge accumulated debt and labor problems, the JNR was privatized and divided into six passenger companies (the Japan Railways Group) and one freight company. The JR Group companies mainly deal with long-distance and regional passenger transportation. Seven private railway companies mainly operate commuter trains in the metropolitan areas. The ratio of transportation run by the JR Group and private companies is about 2:1.

Japan Freight Railway Company operates all freight service on the network previously owned by JNR. Japan Freight Railway Company owns its locomotives, rolling stock and stations, but leases track from the six passenger companies.

Nowadays, there are about 27,245 km of railway lines under operation in Japan. About 382 billion passengers and 22 billion tons of freight are carried by the railways annually.

Б. Перепишите следующие фразы и выпишите из текста их английские эквиваленты.

1. обеспечивают быструю, безопасную и эффективную перевозку грузов и пассажиров

2. основное средство сухопутного транспорта

3. большую часть оборудования, в том числе локомотивы, поставили Британские производители

4. узкоколейные железнодорожные линии

5. ей принадлежало 90 процентов всего подвижного состава

6. пропускная способность японских железных дорог значительно уменьшилась

7. самая загруженная в мире железная дорога для движения высокоскоростных поездов

8. пропускает до 13 поездов в час в каждом направлении с минимальным интервалом движения 3 минуты

9. осуществляют деятельность по перевозке пассажиров железнодорожным транспортом в поездах дальнего следования и местного сообщения

10. арендует железнодорожный путь у компаний, занимающихся пассажирскими перевозками

В. Перепишите следующие вопросы и КРАТКО ответьте на них в соответствии с содержанием текста.

1. Do modern means of transport carry passengers and goods slowly and inefficiently in Japan?

2. Are Japanese railways the main means of sea transportation?

3. Was the first railway built between Tokyo and Yokohama?

4. Had a rail network covered the four main islands by 1920?

5. Were all private lines nationalized and passed to a public corporation in 1906?

6. Did the carrying capacity of Japan's railways increase because of postwar population growth and economic development?

7. Were high-speed lines called Shinkansen built in the 19th century?

8. Do high-speed trains make the 320-mile run from Tokyo to Osaka in less than three hours?

9. Does each 16-car Shinkansen train seat up to 1,323 passengers?

10. Are the railways of Honshu linked to Hokkaido by ferry service?