Контрольная работа 4, вариант 5

выполнены упражнения согласно заданиям варианта, точный текст заданий ниже

Упражнение 1. Инфинитив (Infinitive)

(А) Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык. В каждом предложении подчеркните инфинитив и укажите его синтаксическую функцию (подлежащее, часть именного сказуемого, дополнение, определение, обстоятельство).

  1. One of the functions of the ballast bed is to drain the water away the track structure.

2. To speed freight traffic over long distances, more and more freight is carried in special-purpose block trains.

3. To put this EMU into service will be possible only after a series of test runs.

4. The railway decided to withdraw passenger services from some unprofitable secondary lines.

5. The first India's high-speed Ahmedabad-Mumbai railway to be opened for traffic in 2023 will carry passenger trains running at 320 kmh. 

(Б) Составьте предложения их двух подходящих по смыслу частей. Переведите на русский язык те предложения, в которых инфинитив употребляется в функции часть составного именного сказуемого.

1. The new device to be installed will immediately register…

2. The function of refrigerating-heating systems in refrigerator cars is to maintain …

3. To use cast iron rails instead of wooden ones was …

4. Freight trains are sometimes illegally boarded by passengers …

5. Karen Harrison was the first woman in Britain …

6. In some countries, new lines are built to a larger than standard gauge …

a) a great step forward in the construction of railways.

b) who don't wish to pay money or don't have the money to buy a ticket.

c) the slightest fault in the electrical equipment.

d) to allow the use of double-deck trains.

e) the required temperature when transporting perishables.

f) to be appointed as a train driver.

Упражнение 2. Неличные формы глагола (Participle I, Participle II, Gerund, Infinitive)

Подберите к английским словосочетаниям (A) русские эквиваленты (B), учитывая правила перевода неличных форм глагола.

A

1. after improving the steam engine

2. to improve the steam engine was necessary

3. James Watt improving the steam engine

4. the steam engine improved by James Watt

5. the task was to improve the steam engine

6. while improving the steam engine

7. the steam engine to be improved

8. having improved the steam engine

9. to improve the steam engine

10. the steam engine was improved by James Watt

 B

a) паровой двигатель, усовершенствованный Джеймсом Уаттом

b) Джеймс Уатт, усовершенствовавший паровой двигатель

c) усовершенствуя паровой двигатель

d) усовершенствовав паровой двигатель

e) паровой двигатель, который необходимо было усовершенствовать

f) для того чтобы усовершенствовать паровой двигатель

g) задача заключалась в том, чтобы усовершенствовать паровой двигатель

h) после усовершенствования парового двигателя

i) паровой двигатель был усовершенствован Джеймсом Уаттом

j) паровой двигатель необходимо было усовершенствовать 

Упражнение 3. Инфинитивные обороты

(А) Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык. В каждом предложении подчеркните инфинитивный оборот "Сложное подлежащее".

1. One hundred trains are expected to operate daily on the new HS line, running at a 5 minute headway.

2. In the test runs, the locomotive was found to have some serious drawbacks in its design.

3. On average, freight trains turn out to be 4 times more fuel efficient than trucks, moving a ton of freight for 206 km per liter of fuel. 

(Б) Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык. В каждом предложении подчеркните инфинитивный оборот "Сложное дополнение".

1. The locomotive crew didn't notice the signal change red.

2. The investigation determined that an internal rail defect caused the rail to break and derail the train.

3. The engineers suppose the slab track to completely replace the traditional ballasted track in the future. 

(B) Составьте английские предложения, соответствующие по смыслу русским предложениям. Обратите внимание на порядок слов в предложениях с инфинитивными оборотами "Сложное подлежащее" и "Сложное дополнение".

1. Полагают, что эта железная дорога откроет новые возможности для международного сотрудничества.

to open for international cooperation is believed new opportunities

this railway

2. Бывает так, что плохие погодные условия приводят к нарушению железнодорожного сообщения в регионе.

to lead to in the region in railroad service unfavorable

happen disruption weather conditions

3. Я слышал, что железная дорога будет выплачивать компенсацию при опоздании поезда на 30 минут и дольше.

the railway for heard train delays 30 minutes or more

pay I compensation of

4. Никто не ожидал, что главный инженер предложит отложить ходовые испытания локомотива.

to suggest expected the run tests of nobody postponing

the locomotive the chief engineer

Упражнение 4. Условные предложения (Conditionals)

(А) Перепишите следующие условные предложения и переведите их на русский язык. Определите тип условных предложений.

1. The train derailment wouldn't have taken place if the railway track had been maintained properly.

2. If HS railways were constructed all over the country, it would allow railway transport to successfully compete with road and air transport.

3. The price of your ticket will be refunded to you if you cannot make your journey as planned. 

(Б) Закончите предложения, выбрав один из предложенных вариантов. Запишите свои ответы в таблицу

 1. If double-deck cars were used, ….

a) the trains would run at higher speeds.

b) the passenger or freight capacity of a train would be increased.

c) the passenger and freight turnover would be reduced.

2. The train will be ready to start …

a) when the engine driver applies the brake.

b) when the rails are laid down on the track.

c) when the cars are coupled.

 3. If the train speed had been 8 kmh less, …

a) it would have taken the train 3 hours more to cover the same distance.

b) it would take the train 3 hours more to cover the same distance.

c) it will take the train 3 hours more to cover the same distance.

4. If the rail bridge were under repair, …

a) the trains would have to take a ferry.

b) train operation would have been stopped.

c) the passengers would have to cross the bridge on foot.

5. The St. Petersburg-Moscow railway would have been completed much earlier …

a) if the weather conditions had been unfavorable.

b) if construction works had been mechanized.

c) if a lot of bridges and viaducts had been erected. 

Упражнение 5. Типы вопросительных предложений (Types of Interrogative Sentences)

Перепишите предложения и задайте к ним вопросы. Тип вопроса указан в скобках.

1. An average freight train consists of about seventy cars. (специальный)

2. About 60 % of the world's rail network has been built to standard gauge. (общий)

3. Express trains don't stop at Princeton Junction. (разделительный)

4. You should stay on the train until Leeds and then change. (альтернативный)

5. The railway signal showed that the train could pass. (общий)

6. Construction of new railroads for HS passenger trains was pioneered by Japan. (альтернативный)

7. The sleepers of the railway track are laid upon ballast made of crushed rock or other materials. (разделительный)

8. The first attempts to drive rail vehicles by electric power were made in Netherlands in 1855. (специальный) 

Упражнение 6. Текст

(А) Прочитайте текст, устно переведите его на русский язык и письменно выполните послетекстовые упражнения.

 TURKISH STATE RAILWAYS

  Turkey has a well-developed, state-owned railway system built to standard gauge. The primary rail carrier is the Turkish State Railways (TCDD), which is responsible for all long-distance freight and passenger trains. A number of other companies operate suburban passenger trains in urban conurbations.

The history of railways in Turkey began on 23 September 1856 when, by a decree of the Ottoman Sultan1, a British company won the contract for constructing and operating a 130-km rail line between Izmir and Aydin. The corporation "National Railways" was established in 1923, when the country became a republic. Today, the length of the railway network is 10,361 km, including 8,430 km of main lines and 1,931 km of secondary lines.

Over the period of their existence, Turkish Railways have undergone a number of changes. The new development strategy includes plans for upgrading the existing lines and stations, modernizing rolling stock. Much is done to create a positive image among the public and attract customers to the railways. As a part of a new strategy, TCDD has purchased and put into service new, more comfortable passenger cars:

New high comfort coaches are equipped with aircraft-type seats, air-conditioning and a modern lighting system.

New luxury sleeping cars consist of 3 two-berth compartments, a sitting room, a toilet, a bath and an American bar. Such facilities as power outlets for charging electronic gadgets and free WiFi are also available to passengers. These cars are justly called five-star hotels on wheels.

Restaurant cars with delicious Turkish food uphold the railway tradition of hospitality.

A system of various passenger tariffs has been introduced for the different market segments to attract potential customers to the railways. Price reductions are offered for students, teachers, and children.

TCCD pays much attention to tourist transport, working in close cooperation with travel agencies. Special sightseeing tours on steam trains have been organized through some cities of historic interest and through country's sites of natural beauty.

(Б) Перепишите следующие фразы и выпишите из текста их английские эквиваленты.

1. сеть железных дорог, построенных со стандартной шириной колеи

2. основная железнодорожная компания

3. пассажирский поезд пригородного сообщения

4. контракт на строительство и эксплуатацию железнодорожной линии

5. протяжённость железнодорожной сети

6. железнодорожные линии местного значения

7. за годы существования

8. новая стратегия развития

9. пустила в эксплуатацию более комфортабельные пассажирские вагоны

10. система тарифов на пассажирские перевозки

(В) Перепишите следующие вопросы к тексту и ответьте на них.

1. Turkey has a well-developed railway system built to broad gauge, doesn't it?

2. What company is the primary rail carrier in Turkey?

3. Does the Turkish State Railways operate long-distance or suburban trains?

4. Where was the first railway in Turkey built?

5. What does the new development strategy of TCDD include?

6. How many compartments are there in the new sleeping cars?

7. Special sightseeing tours on steam trains have been organized to attract students and children on the railways, haven't they? 

(Г) Перепишите предложения. Если утверждение соответствует содержанию текста, напишите TRUE (верно), если не соответствует – FALSE (неверно), если в тексте нет точной информации – NOT STATED (не сказано). Исправьте неверные утверждения.

1. The history of railway transport in Turkey began in the middle of the 19th century.

2. The Basmane railway station is one of the two railway stations in Izmir.

3. New sleeping cars are equipped with aircraft-type seats, air-conditioning and a modern lighting system.

4. The low voltage system supplies all the auxiliary systems on the train like lighting, air conditioning, etc.

5. Restaurant cars with delicious Turkish food are justly called five-star hotels on wheels.

6. To attract potential customers to the railways, a system of various passenger tariffs has been introduced for the different market segments.

7. A steam train is a train that is pulled by a steam-powered locomotive.