Контрольная работа 1, вариант 2

выполнены упражнения согласно заданиям варианта, точный текст заданий ниже

Упражнение 1. Глаголы to be и to have

Перепишите предложения, поставив глаголы to be и to have в указанную видовременную форму. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The very first horse-pulled freight cars be open-top wagons, which have wooden wheels. (Past Simple)

2. The New Badaling Railway Station for high speed trains be under construction. (Present Simple) When completed, it be the world's deepest railway station. (Future Simple)

3. This railway track have many curves and gradients, which reduce train speeds. (Present Simple)

4. The invention of the wheel be a turning point in the development of human civilization. (Past Simple)

5. Signalmen be railway workers responsible for operating signals and switches. (Present Simple)

Упражнение 2. Оборот There is / are

Составьте предложения из двух частей (A-В) и переведите их на русский язык.

A

1. There is 2. There are 3. There was 4. There were 5. There will be

B

a) 14 intermediate stations on the new light railway between railway terminus and airport, which is under construction now.

b) two common types of open-top cars: the gondola car and the hopper car.

c) no signaling devices on the first railways as there was no need for them.

d) a plan to open a new HS rail line between London and Leeds running at up to 180 mph.

e) an attendant to operate the doors on each car of the first underground trains.

Упражнение 3. Притяжательный падеж существительных

А. Перефразируйте следующие словосочетания, употребляя притяжательный падеж, и переведите их на русский язык.

1. the compartment of the conductors

2. the schedule of this commuter train

3. the first high-speed railway of Russia

4. the job of a dispatcher

5. the safety of goods

6. rolling stock of Russian Railways

Б. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык.

1. The new 4-car trainsets were developed by Danish State Railways' design office for express passenger services in Denmark and Sweden.

2. The Cherepanovs, who were Demidov's serfs, built Russia's first steam locomotive.

3. Modern North American four-axle coal cars typically have 100-110 tons' payload capacity.

Упражнение 4. Степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий

А. Образуйте сравнительную и превосходную степень следующих прилагательных по модели. Переведите их на русский язык.

busy

suitable

bad

safe

convenient

high

quiet

Б. Перепишите предложения и переведите их. Подчеркните прилагательные и наречия в сравнительной или превосходной степени. Укажите степень сравнения.

1. Containerization is the fastest and most efficient way of intermodal freight transportation.

2. The first rails were made of cast iron but when traffic became heavier, it was found that cast iron was too brittle and wore too quickly.

3. Although there are now faster and more modern vehicles, railways remain the safest and most popular form of transport.

4. The world's longest trestle bridge was built across the Great Salt Lake to shorten by 43 miles the route of the Central Pacific Railway.

5. The efficiency of electric locomotives is much higher than that of steam locomotives.

В. Заполните пропуски, выбрав один из предложенных вариантов.

1. Railway transport is one of the ___ ways of transporting freight over long distances.

a) easier b) most expensive c) cheapest d) less convenient

2. Signaling systems on the HS railways are ___ than signal devices used on the conventional lines.

a) more complex b) less complex c) the most complex d) the least complex

3. The operating speed of trains is often ___ than their design speed due to restrictions imposed by infrastructure.

a) quicker b) more c) higher d) lower

4. One of ___ complaints by passengers on railways is the lack of up-to-date and accurate information.

a) the loudest b) the most common c) the most boring d) the most useful

5. The ___ trains in the world carry such bulk freight as iron ore and coal.

a) heaviest b) heavier c) most heavy d) least heavy

6. Rails made of wrought iron were ___ than cast iron rails.

a) smoother b) larger c) weaker d) stronger

7. They electrified railway lines allow more trains to be run ___ and more quickly.

a) less efficiently b) the most efficiently c) more efficiently d) the least efficiently

8. Indian Railway is one of ___ rail networks in the world that carries more than 16 million passengers daily.

a) the fastest b) the cheapest c) the shortest d) the busiest

9. The maintenance cost of a diesel locomotive is three times ___ than that of an electric one.

a) more great b) greater c) more greater d) the greatest

10. The weight of an empty wagon is ___ than the weight of a loaded one.

a) less b) more c) little d) the least

Упражнение 5. Времена групп Simple, Continuous, Perfect в действительном залоге

А. Перепишите предложения и переведите их на русский язык. Подчеркните в каждом из них сказуемое и укажите его видовременную форму по модели. Обратите внимание на то, что в предложении может быть несколько сказуемых.

1. Within three weeks, the driverless trains were running on Central and Jubilee lines of the London Underground.

2. Moscow is a major transport junction: over 300 long-distance and 2,000 suburban trains depart from its 10 rail terminals daily.

3. Three years ago, Amtrak announced that it had ordered 70 new locomotives from Siemens. These locomotives will replace all 62 of the electric locomotives that are currently serving the Northeast Corridor.

4. Severe weather conditions caused a disruption of the train service between London and Edinburgh.

5. Mozambique has purchased new track-laying machines from Great Britain to modernize the Limpopo line.

Б. Перепишите предложения, поставив глагол в указанную видовременную форму. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Ivan Polzunov (to develop - Past Simple Active) the world's first two-cylinder steam engine.

2. The construction of the new underground line, which (to link - Future Simple Active) several districts, (to start / recently - Present Perfect Active).

3. Within five years, the railway (to carry - Past Continuous Active) over seven million passengers annually.

4. Japanese Railways (to introduce - Present Perfect Active) new models of lightweight motor cars. They (to consume - Present Simple Active) 50% less power than old models.

5. By the late 1980s, American railroads (to become - Past Perfect Active) the main carriers of freight on long distances.

Упражнение 6. Порядок слов в общих и специальных вопросах

Перепишите предложения. К каждому предложению задайте по два вопроса: общий и специальный. Специальные вопросы начинайте с вопросительных слов, данных в скобках.

1. A lot of commuters were waiting for the train arrival on the platform. (Где?)

2. France pioneered a basically new railway electrification program in the second half of the 20th century. (Когда?)

3. Taiwan Railways has recently bought 225 trailers and 56 motor cars. (Сколько?)

4. On this dangerous section of track, trains usually decrease their speed. (Где?)

5. This mechanism will activate the emergency brake. (Какой?)

Упражнение 7. Текст

А. Прочитайте текст, устно переведите его на русский язык и письменно выполните послетекстовые упражнения.

RAIL TRANSPORT IN FRANCE

Railway construction in France began in the early 19th century. By the end of the century, most main lines of the country's railway network were laid down. Many railway lines radiated out from Paris, which served as the country's transportation hub. French railroads were nationalized in 1937. Independent railway companies and the state-owned railways joined together in the French National Railways or SNCF, with the state owning a controlling share.

The railway network reached its peak length of 42,000 km in 1932. In the decades after World War II, railways declined sharply in importance. Many little-used rural railways were closed.

Railway's share of domestic freight traffic fell from 62% in 1958 to 16% in 1997.

Today, France has 29,000 km of railroad track in use, two-fifths of which is electrified. Rail passenger traffic remains important in France. The development of the high-speed TGV train led to the construction of several new lines, increased the speed of rail passenger traffic, and considerably decreased journey times. TGV can travel at speeds up to 320 kph on specially built track but the trains must travel much slower on conventional track. Nowadays, the TGV network carries more than one-fifth of all rail passengers.

The first TGV line was completed in 1981. It linked Paris with Lyon. A second line connected Paris with Nantes and Bordeaux. It was entered service in 1989. A third line linked Paris with Lille in 1993. In 1994, freight and passenger train service started through the Channel Tunnel, the world's longest undersea tunneling project connecting Calais, France, and Dover, England. Today, high-speed rail lines link Paris and other major French cities to many destinations outside of France, including cities in England, Belgium, The Netherlands, Germany, and Switzerland. TGV lines proved so successful they largely replaced passenger air travel between connected cities. Using the TGV, passengers can travel between Brussels and Paris in just 90 minutes.

Б. Перепишите следующие фразы и выпишите из текста их английские эквиваленты.

1. транспортный узел страны

2. контрольный пакет акций

3. значимость железных дорог значительно уменьшилось

4. железные дороги, местного значения

5. разработка высокоскоростного поезда TGV

6. время в пути

7. специально построенный железнодорожный путь

8. обычный железнодорожный путь

9. была пущена в эксплуатацию

10. самый длинный подводный тоннель в мире

В. Перепишите следующие вопросы и КРАТКО ответьте на них в соответствии с содержанием текста.

1. Did railway construction in France begin in the late 19th century?

2. Were French railroads nationalized before World War II?

3. Does France have 29,000 km of railroad track in use today?

4. Are all French railways electrified?

5. Does rail passenger traffic remain important in France?

6. Can TGV travel at speeds up to 320 kph on conventional track?

7. Do the TGV trains carry more than one-fifth of all rail passengers?

8. Was the first TGV line built in 1881?

9. Did a third TGV line link Paris with Nantes and Bordeaux?

10. Do the TGV trains cover the distance between Brussels and Paris in 90 hours?