Контрольная пабота 2, вариант 2

выполнены упражнения согласно заданиям варианта, точный текст заданий ниже

1. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление времён группы Continuous (Present, Past, Future) и группы Perfect (Present, Past, Future). Выпишите сказуемые и укажите их видовременные формы.

a. The piston engine has become the most common type of power-plant for all kinds of vehicles.

b. When I first met Pete, he was designing a new system of engine cooling.

c. A more efficient diesel-powered vehicle has been recently developed by our designers.

d. At present, piston engines are being used in modern autos and boats all over the world.

2. Перепишите и переведите предложения, выбрав правильную форму сказуемого (Active or Passive).

a. The fuel and air mixture (has come/has been come) to the engine through the fuel injection system.

b. Here you can see the cooled liquid which (is pushing/is being pushed) into the heated engine by the water pump.

c. The thermostat to control the coolant temperature, (has placed/has been placed) in the return radiator hose.

d. The coolant lost its heat after it (had passed/had been passed) through rows of thin aluminum.

e. Look! Now the ignited fuel and air mixture (is driving/is being driven) the piston downward.

3. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление модальных глаголов. Подчеркните модальные глаголы в английских предложениях и в переводе.

a. They had to redesign the system to be able to push heated coolant out of the engine block into the radiator.

b. Fuel and air mixture can come to the engine through a carburetor or a fuel injection system.

c. The temperature of the coolant must constantly be controlled.

d. Piston engines could be gasoline-, alcohol- or diesel-powered.

4. Образуйте от данных глаголов две формы Participle I. Полу ченные причастия переведите на русский язык.

a) come; b) power; c) find; d) use; e) ignite; f) drive; g) connect; h) cool; i) leave; j) heat

5. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление Participle I в функциях определения и обстоятельства. Подчеркните причастия I в английских предложениях и в переводе.

a. Using pistons connected to a crankshaft by connecting rods, the piston engine sends power to the transmission.

b. The cooling liquid is pumped through the engine block by a water pump.

c. Having passed through the radiator, the coolant loses its heat.

d. The thermostat controlling the coolant temperature is placed in the return radiator hose.

6. Образуйте от глаголов данных в скобках, Participle II. Полу- ченные словосочетания переведите на русский язык.

a) self (power) vehicle; b) piston engine (find) in modern automobiles; c) piston (connect) to a crankshaft; d) power (send) to a transmission; e) fuel (mix) with air; f) mixture (ignite) by spark plugs; g) the piston (drive) down- wards; h) liquid (push) into the heated engine.

7. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на употребление Participle II в функциях определения и обстоятельства. Подчеркните причастия II в английских предложениях и в переводе.

a. The mixture ignited by the spark plugs drives the piston downward.

b. When heated, the coolant is pushed out of the engine and into the radiator.

c. The temperature is controlled by a thermostat placed in the return radiator hose.

d. Pistons connected to a crankshaft by connecting rods, send power to the transmission.

8. Перепишите и письменно переведите текст:

PISTON ENGINE

The piston engine is the most common type of power-plant found in modern automobiles, boats and practically all other self-powered machinery in the world. It can be gasoline-, alcohol- or diesel-powered; the piston engine is being used to power most of man's mechanical belongings. The piston engine uses pistons connected to a crankshaft* by connecting rods* to send power to a transmission. A fuel and air mixture comes to the engine through a carburetor or a fuel injection system. The fuel mixture is sent into the combustion chamber through the intake manifold and through the heads. The mixture ignited by the spark plugs drives the piston downward, and this causes the crankshaft to spin and produces power.

Overheating is dangerous for any piston engine. There are engines cooled by air; while the most common way of cooling is with liquid coolant. Pumped through the engine block by the water pump, the heated coolant is pushed out of the engine and into the radiator. There, having passed through rows of thin aluminum, it loses heat. The cooled liquid is once again pushed into the heated engine by the water pump where the entire process begins again. The temperature of the coolant is controlled by a thermostat placed in the return radiator hose where it determines the speed at which the coolant leaves the radiator.

9. Определите, являются ли следующие высказывания верными (right) или неверными (wrong). Исправьте неверные предложения в соответствии с текстом.

a. The cooled liquid is once again pushed into the heated engine by a water pump.

b. Piston engines aren’t widely used as the source of power in the modern world.

c. Air is used to cool some engines; but liquid coolant is more commonly applied for that.

d. Pistons connected to a crankshaft are a means of sending power to a transmission.

e. The mixture ignited by the carburetor drives the piston upward, and this causes the crankshaft to spin and produces power.