[ОТВЕТЫ] Иностранный язык в сфере Юриспруденции [5-8 темы] (94/100 + все ответы МФПУ Синергия/МосАП/МТИ)

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УЧЕБНЫЕ МАТЕРИАЛЫ

•  Тема 5. Law in Everyday Life. (Законы в повседневной жизни.)
•  Тема 6. Human Rights. (Права человека.)
•   Тема 7. Constitution. (Конституция.)
•  Тема 8. Drugs – Death Danger (Наркотики.)
•   Заключение
•   Итоговая аттестация

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1. Arrange the first drug regulations chronologically according to the date of their entry in force:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

• 1 the Pharmacy Act in the United Kingdom
• 2 the first drug law in San Francisco
• 3 All-India Opium Act
• 4 the Harrison Act
• 5 the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs

2. Arrange the documents chronologically:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

• 1 The Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees
• 2 The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
• 3 The Convention on the Rights of the Child
• 4 The Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam

3. Amnesty International is a global movement of more than seven million people who are independent of any type of political ideology, religion or economic interest and who take … personally

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

☆ injustice

☆ poverty

☆ discrimination

4. Under the influence of Roman law, medieval scholars of Catholic church law, or canon law, …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

☆ compiled existing religious legal sources into their own comprehensive system of law and governance for the Church

☆ invented new religious legal sources and made their own comprehensive system of law and governance for the Church

☆ compiled parts of the Bible into their own comprehensive system of law and governance for the Church

5. If a dealer from Austria sells drugs to a buyer from the USA, it is called drug …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

☆ robbery

☆ trafficking

☆ smuggling

6. Human Rights Watch has its headquarters in …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

☆ Paris

☆ London

☆ New York City

7. Drug … is a global illicit trade involving the cultivation, manufacture, distribution and sale of substances which are subject to drug prohibition laws

8. … law is also referred to as “primitive law”, “unwritten law”, “indigenous law”, and “folk law”

9. Arrange the milestone documents chronologically:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

• 1 Magna Carta
• 2 Code of Justinian
• 3 Roman Twelve Tables of Law
• 4 Constitution of Sparta

10. … law is made by human beings, and one of its most famous examples – the US Constitution – begins with the words “We, the people...”

11. Law is made up of formulated legislation, including constitutions, statutes, treaties, … and codes; rules of law announced by the courts in deciding cases

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

☆ ordinances

☆ applications

☆ acts

12. In US law, a … is a crime punishable by a term of imprisonment of not less than one year or by the death penalty

13. Human Rights are …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

☆ basic rights and freedoms accorded to all people

☆ a way in which the communities can control people

☆ concepts which leaders aspire to as they create laws

14. In certain cases, drug use can be connected to crimes that only relate to drugs in an … way

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• direct
• indirect
• general

15. Originally … law was used by the merchants in Europe

16. The Human Rights Act 1998 came into force in …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

☆ December 1998

☆ October 2000

☆ January 1998

☆ October 1998

17. …crimes come in several different varieties, and the connections that exist between … and crime can sometimes be very nuanced and complex

18. Constitution guarantees citizens certain substantive and procedural … to which they deemed themselves entitled as subjects of the British crown under the ancient English common law

19. Match the words with the synonyms:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. Openness
• B. Constitutionality
• C. Representation
• D. Division
• E. Accountability
• F. discovery
• G. due process
• H. delegation
• I. separation
• J. reporting

20. The adoption of the Constitution was so important to Russia because …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

☆ the Constitution became a manifesto of the new democratic Russia

☆ the Constitution created 5 legal bodies

☆ the Constitution established a list of functions for the workers

21. The birth and evolution of the medieval … law tradition based on Roman law was thus integral to European legal development

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

☆ civil

☆ religious

☆ common

22. There are those who feel that drug crime … is a serious drain on resources, and they worry that drug laws can create more crime than they stop by generating a black market

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• enforcement
• policy
• order

23. Match the words with their synonyms:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. Ideology
• B. Violation
• C. Organization
• D. Campaign
• E. beliefs
• F. breach
• G. company
• H. movement

24. The United Nations (UN) defines discrimination as behavior that includes any distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference based on … (choose 2 correct answers)

Тип ответа: Множественный выбор • с выбором нескольких правильных ответов из предложенных вариантов

☆ colour

☆ salary

☆ character

☆ language

25. … laws are perceived to be eternal and immutable, while secular rules can be changed by their makers

26. Many countries are affected by … addiction today

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

☆ virus drug

☆ virus alcohol

☆ junk food

27. Organized … activities are activities such as money laundering and political corruption, in support of the drug trade

28. An international nongovernmental organization that investigates and documents human rights violations and advocates for policies to prevent such abuses is Human Rights …

29. The legislature is the Federal … of Russia, which consists of two chambers: the State Duma (the lower house) and the Federation Council (the upper house)

30. Though the … often brings the formal charges, investigates the matter, and decides on the case, he or she works within a framework established by a comprehensive, codified set of laws

31. There are those who feel that drug crime … is a serious drain on resources, and they worry that drug laws can create more crime than they stop by generating a black market

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

☆ enforcement

☆ policy

☆ order

32. The most widespread classification of drugs is according to the way they … the body, how they are used or where they are used

33. Through …, the Civil Rights Defenders provides expertise and support to human rights defenders while holding those in power accountable for their actions

34. Human Rights Without … (HRWF) is an international non-profit organization that promotes respect for human rights around the globe and advocates for democracy, the rule of law and social justice

35. It should be noted that there are three main sources of the law in the world: legislation, … or decisions of the higher court or custom

36. … is a drug-defined crime (chose 2 correct answers)

Тип ответа: Множественный выбор • с выбором нескольких правильных ответов из предложенных вариантов

☆ Possession

☆ Murder

☆ Smuggling

☆ Sale

37. The source of religious law is the …, legislating through the prophets

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Deity
• Code
• Rule

38. … rests upon popular participation in government, constitutionalism upon disclosure of and openness about the affairs of government

39. Unlike most modern states, … does not have a codified constitution but an unwritten one formed of Acts of Parliament, court judgments and conventions

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

☆ Britain

☆ Italy

☆ The USA

40. … laws are perceived to be eternal and immutable, while secular rules can be changed by their makers

41. … law is made by human beings, and one of its most famous examples – the US Constitution – begins with the words “We, the people...”

42. An international organization that uses the medical and scientific tools to attract attention to severe human rights abuses and mass atrocities is … for Human Rights

43. It is not correct that … belongs to the core activities of Amnesty International

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

☆ research

☆ legacy

☆ advocacy

☆ lobbying

44. In a religious legal … disputes are usually adjudicated by an officer of that religion, so the same person is both judge and priest 

45. Though the … often brings the formal charges, investigates the matter, and decides on the case, he or she works within a framework established by a comprehensive, codified set of laws

46. Match the words with the definitions:

• Тип ответа: Сопоставление
• A. Intoxication
• B. Drug dealer
• C. Legal drugs
• D. Addicted
• E. the condition of having physical or mental control markedly diminished by the effects of alcohol
• F. a person who sells illegal drugs
• G. prescription drugs and over-the-counter drugs that have been legally obtained
• H. physically and mentally dependent on a particular substanc

47. The dramatic changes in Eastern Europe, Africa, and Latin America since 1989 have powerfully demonstrated a surge in demand for respect of … rights

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• human
• universal
• unified

48. By the late Middle Ages civil and canon laws were taught at most universities and formed the basis of a shared body of … thought common to most of Europe

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• legal
• canon
• administrative

49. Drug abuse and … are associated with drug-related crimes

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

☆ addiction

☆ murder

☆ crimes

50. The term “law” denotes the body of rules and regulations that is the product of the … process

51. … are penalties or other means of enforcement used to provide incentives for obedience with the law, or with rules and regulations

52. Constitution guarantees citizens certain substantive and procedural … to which they deemed themselves entitled as subjects of the British crown under the ancient English common law

53. The United Nations has adopted … treaties in addition to the covenants in the International Bill of Human Rights

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• 10
• 20
• 30
• 40

54. Arrange the milestone documents chronologically:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

• 1 The Bill of Rights (UK)
• 2 The US Declaration of Independence
• 3 The Universal Declaration on Human Rights
• 4 The Russian Federation Constitution

55. Arrange the documents chronologically:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

• 1Slavery Convention
• 2Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees
• 3Charter of Human and People’s Rights
• 4Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam

56. Civil Rights Defenders was established in …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

☆ 1982

☆ 1950

☆ 1962

57. According to the statistics there are nearly 500,000 drugs … registered in Russia; however, experts suggest that the number is at least six times greater

58. Match the given countries to the corresponding law systems:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. The Russian Federation
• B. The United States of America
• C. Iran
• D. Civil Law
• E. Religious Law
• F. Customary Law

59. ‘Ius civile’ applied to … citizens

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

☆ Roman

☆ Greek

☆ Roman-Greek

60. The State Duma carries the main responsibility for … federal laws

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• passing
• creating
• establishing

61. According to researchers of scientists every 10th family has met the problem of drug …

62. Drug use is regarded as a real problem in many parts of the world, although the extent of the issue varies greatly depending on culture, access, and …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

☆ legislation

☆ government

☆ law enforcement

63. The role of the local custom as a source of law became increasingly important because … (choose 2 correct answers)

Тип ответа: Множественный выбор • с выбором нескольких правильных ответов из предложенных вариантов

• Civil law came into practice
• Criminal law came into practice
• European states sought to unify and organize their individual legal systems
• European states sought to separate and organize t

64. Arrange the documents chronologically (consider the date of their adoption):

Тип ответа: Сортировка

• 1 The Parliament Acts
• 2 The Representation of the People Acts
• 3 The European Communities Act
• 4 The Scottish, Welsh and Northern Ireland devolution Acts
• 5 The Human Rights Act

65. Match the words with the definitions:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

☆ A. Drug production

☆ B. Trafficking

☆ C. Drug addiction

☆ D. Possession

☆ E. the process of industrial-scale synthesis of pharmaceutical drugs as part of the pharmaceutical industry

☆ F. a global illicit trade involving the cultivation, manufacture, distribution and sale of substances which are subject to drug prohibition laws

☆ G. substance use d

66. Match the words with their synonyms:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. Abuse
• B. Violation
• C. Addiction
• D. Drugs
• E. corruption
• F. encroachment
• G. dependence
• H. medicine

67. Legal scholars have adapted the principles of ancient Roman law in the Corpus … to contemporary needs

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

☆ ‘ius civile’

☆ ‘iuris civilis’

☆ ‘iuris militis’

68. Arrange the following drug control treaties chronologically according to the date of their entry in force:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

• 1 the Agreement concerning the Manufacture of, Internal Trade in and Use of Prepared Opium
• 2 the International Opium Convention 1925
• 3 Convention for the Suppression of the Illicit Traffic in Dangerous Drugs
• 4 the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs
• 5 the International C

69. Match the following acts with their purposes:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. The Bill of Rights
• B. The Slavery Convention of 1926
• C. Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, 1951
• D. affirmed rights such as free elections, freedom of speech and freedom from “cruel and unusual punishment”
• E. important confirm and advance the suppression of slavery and the slave trade
• F. prevent and prohibit speci

70. From a comparative perspective, British people have what is known as an ‘… constitution’, although some prefer to describe it as ‘uncodified’

71. Arrange the documents chronologically:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

• 1The ‘Great Charter of the Liberties of England’
• 2The Provisions of Oxford
• 3The Bill of Rights
• 4The European Communities Act

72. Distributing a drug is …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

☆ not a crime

☆ a drug-related offence

☆ a drug-found offence

73. British people certainly say that they have a …, but it is one that exists in an abstract sense, comprising a host of diverse laws, practices and conventions that have evolved over a long period of time

74. Analyze the following case:Therapist sent a third billing notice to a slow-to- pay client’s fax machine in her office but client did not report to work that day. The bill was titled “psychological services rendered” and handwritten in large print was “Third Notice – OVERDUE!!” with client’s name. This notice sat in an open access mail tray of the busy office all day.Was is reasonable? Is it allowed to send private material in such a manner?

☆ Therapist could have failed to know that many people have access to the fax machine in a busy place of business. Private material should not be faxed unless it is known that the intended recipient will be retrieving the information

☆ Therapist could use any address provided by the client. Private material should be faxed or send by e-mail

☆ Therapist should have known that many people have access to the fax machine in a busy place of business. Private material should not be faxed unless it is known that the intended recipient will be retrieving the information

75. Ben, who is 19 years old, applies for a job as a clerk in a goods store. The store manager is impressed with Ben's speaking skills and says that he would like to hire him, subject to reference checks. Later, the manager calls Ben and says that he will not be hired. On checking his references with a former employer, the manager found out that Ben was convicted of careless driving.Has the store manager violated Ben's human rights by refusing to hire him?

• Yes, the manager has violated Ben's human rights. Discrimination in hiring based on having a record of ground is prohibited
• No, the manager didn’t violate Ben’s human rights as Ben’s offence is related to the job duties he would have to do
• No, the manager didn’t violate Ben’s human rights as it’s up to the manager to decide who should be hired and who should not

76. Common-law legal systems place great value on deciding cases according to consistent principled rules, so that similar facts will yield similar and predictable outcomes, and observance of precedent is the mechanism by which that goal is attained.What is the guiding principle of Common-law legal systems? What is the idea behind?

☆ The principle of mens rea (lat.) is the mental element of a person's intention to commit a crime; or knowledge that one's action or lack of action would cause a crime to be committed. It is a necessary element of many crimes

☆ The principle of stare decisis means that a court should apply previous court decisions to similar future cases

☆ The objective element of a crime, is the Latin term for the "guilty act" which, when proved beyond a reasonable doubt

77. Imagine that in 2024 you will be president of your country.What branch will you represent? What will be your powers?

☆ The head of the executive branch. I would sign bills into law, veto bills from becoming laws, negotiate treaties with foreign countries, enforce the courts’ decisions

☆ The head of the executive branch. I would sign bills into law, hear civil cases, negotiate treaties with foreign countries, enforce the courts’ decisions

☆ The head of the executive branch. I would interpret state laws, veto bills from becoming laws, negotiate treaties with foreign countries, settle legal disputes

78. The defendant decided to kill his sister. He bought a knife and a bottle of strong alcohol which he drank to give himself “Dutch Courage”. Then he killed his sister. He subsequently claimed that he was so drunk that he did not know what he was doing, or possibly even that the drink had brought on a latent psychopathic state so that he was insane at the time of the killing.What was the Court’s decision?

• The Court held that intoxication could not be a defence in either case as the intent had not been clearly formed, albeit after the killing took place
• The Court held that intoxication could not be a defence in either case as the intent had been clearly formed, albeit before the killing took place
• The Court held that intoxication could be a defence in either case even if the intent had been clearly formed

79. The defendant had voluntarily consumed drugs to calm his nerves. Under the influence of the drugs, he had started shooting in the cottage in which he had been living, but claimed to have been unable to remember anything after taking the drugs. The defendant was convicted of causing criminal damage being reckless as to whether life would be endangered, following the trial judge’s direction to the jury that self-induced intoxication was not available by way of defence to a basic intent crime. The defendant appealed.What is the Court’s decision?

☆ The conviction was quashed on appeal on the grounds that he could not be expected to anticipate that drugs would have that effect upon him

☆ The conviction was not quashed on appeal on the grounds that he could have expected that dangerous drugs would have that effect upon him

☆ The conviction was quashed on appeal on the grounds that he could be expected to anticipate that drugs would have that effect upon him

80. The distinction between Public and Private Law is a purely academic debate, nevertheless, it also affects legal practice. There are areas of law, which may not fit into distinction of Public or Private Law. Study the following case:An employment inspector investigates workplace safety, checking all the equipment. The inspector investigates workplace incidents, and conducts workplace inspections to evaluate compliance.Decide whether it falls into the category of Public or Private law.

☆ It falls in the category of Private law as considers the interests of the individuals

☆ It falls in the category of Public law as considers the interests of the society

☆ It falls in the category of Public and Private law as considers the interest of the society and the individuals

81. You are a lawyer. In Liza’s electronics shop in the Russia Federation Ivan buys an expensive TV-set. Three weeks after the 12-month manufacturer’s warranty expires, the TV-set stops working.Must Liza give Ivan a remedy?

• Yes, she must. Although the warranty has expired, a customer can expect an expensive product to last a reasonable amount of time before any faults or problems appear
• No, she doesn’t have to. The warranty has expired, a customer can’t expect any remedies
• It depends on the defect. Ivan is entitled to a free TV-set examination

82. Judy owns a clothing retail store. One of her customers returns a T-shirt because it doesn’t fit her.Does Judy have to give her customer a different size or a refund?

☆ No, she doesn’t. Retailers aren’t responsible if a customer has a change of mind or circumstances. Judy may think of more flexible exchange policies to foster better customer relationships

☆ Yes, she does. Retailers are totally responsible if a customer has a change of mind or circumstances

☆ Yes, she does. Retailers are responsible if a customer has a change of mind or circumstances. Judi must order a new T-shirt that may fit the customer

83. Mary had therapy sessions. She found out that the psychologist sent copies of her case notes to the insurance carrier responsible for reimbursement and that therapist should not have revealed this information. Client reported psychologist to the APA Ethics Committee for violating confidentiality principles. Psychologist explained to Ethics Committee that any client understands that their confidentiality may be breached when using an insurance company for third-party reimbursement due to administrative and professional peer review. Nonetheless, psychologist never informed client of this risk before therapy began, rather, he assumed client “must understand” the protocol.Think of the Ethics Committee adjudication.

• The Ethics Committee determined that psychologist didn’t violate the confidentiality ethical standard by not informing client of the limits of confidentiality prior to treatment
• The Ethics Committee determined that psychologist violated the confidentiality ethical standard by not informing client of the limits of confidentiality prior to treatment
• The Ethics Committee determined that psychologist didn’t violate the confidentiality ethical standard as there is non-confidentiality prior to treatment

84. Meghan is an interior designer. A supplier installs a gondola incorrectly and it breaks a month later.Who must fix the problem?

• Meghan as her customer hired Meghan. It was not her supplier. Meghan must fix any problems. However, Meghan can ask her supplier for compensation or repairs
• Supplier who installed the unit, as it was his duty under the contract
• Shelving manufacturer must fix the problem

85. Rachel buys a commercial welding machine for her building business. A few weeks later, it breaks down.Can Rachel get a remedy from the store he bought it from?

☆ No, she can’t. The Consumer Guarantees Act only applies to products and services that are usually for household or personal use

☆ No, she can’t. The period for return / refund is 1 week

☆ Yes, she can. The Consumer Guarantees Act applies to all products and services

86. Stacy and several of her friends play in a women's hockey league at the skate rink. Quite frequently, the male rink attendants don’t give them their full allotted ice time. The attendants make jokes on the women. Stacy thinks that their rights are violated. She has even complained but the manager has done nothing and supported men.Have the rink attendants violated the young women's human rights?

• Yes, the rink attendants and manager have violated the young women's rights. It is discrimination based on gender or sex (ground). Every person has a right to equal treatment with respect to services, goods and facilities without discrimination because of ¼ sex
• No, the rink attendants and manager have not violated the young women's rights. They took part in so-called “man’s game”, so they should get accustomed to the above-mentioned behavior
• Yes, the rink attendants and manager have not violated the young women's rights. They took part in so-called “man’s game”, so they should get accustomed to the above-mentioned behavior

87. Susan buys a cup of coffee and accidentally spills it at Kate’s bar.What must Kate do to fix the problem?

☆ Replace the drink as businesses are responsible for problems or faults caused by a customer after purchase

☆ Provide a discount for one more drink. Businesses are partially responsible for problems or faults caused by a customer after purchase

☆ Nothing. Businesses aren’t responsible for problems or faults caused by a customer after purchase

88. Susan is an Asian-American. She wanted to continue her studies at a local public college but her application was rejected. Susan has grounds to suppose that it was because of her ethnic origin. She filed suit against the college.What law is applied in such a case?

• It is Constitutional law because it the constitutional rights were violated
• It is International law because Susan is an Asian-American
• It is Constitutional law as it can be applied to any cases

89. The constitution is the main legal act of the State. It lays down the formation of a system of society and establishes the state structure, the order and justification of the idea of representatives, executive and judicial authorities, the electoral system, the rights and obligations of the state, society and citizens.Can it be argued that any constitution is the constitution of a state or society exclusively?

☆ It can hardly be argued that any constitution is the constitution of an exclusively state or society. As the practice of the vast majority of countries shows, constitutions also determine the initial provisions that characterize a certain social system, property system, socio-economic and political relations, and the level of spiritual life of the country

☆ It can be argued that any constitution is the constitution of an exclusively state or society. As the practice of the vast majority of countries shows, constitutions do not determine the initial provisions that characterize a certain social system, property system, socio-economic and political relations, and the level of spiritual life of the country

☆ It can hardly be argued that any constitution is not the constitution of an exclusively state or society. As the practice of the vast majority of countries shows, constitutions do not determine the initial provisions that characterize a certain social system, property system, socio-economic and political relations, and the level of spiritual life of the country