💯 Иностранный язык в профессиональной деятельности [Тема 4-6] [Информационные системы и технологии] — ответы на тесты Синергия / МОИ / МТИ / МосАП

Иностранный язык в профессиональной деятельности > Итоговый тест / Компетентностный тест

• правильные ответы на вопросы из теста по данной дисциплине
• вопросы отсортированы в лексикографическом порядке

Иностранный язык в профессиональной деятельности

• Тема 4. What is operating system (Что такое операционная система)
• Тема 5. The information management challenges (Проблемы управления информацией)
• Тема 6. Real time operating system (Операционная система в реальном времени)
• Заключение
• Итоговая аттестация

… integration is giving way to very-large-scale integration (VLSI) and wafer-scale integration (WSI)

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

… is a group of several proprietary graphical operating system families, all of which are developed and marketed by Microsoft

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

… is a Linux distribution that provides a free and open-source community-supported computing platform

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

… is a set of electronic circuits on one small flat piece (or “chip”) of semiconductor material, usually silicon

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

… is an open-source Linux distribution built on the architecture and infrastructure of Debian

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

… is data that provides information about other data, but not the content of the data, such as the text of a message or the image itself

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

… memory is a memory management technique that provides an idealized abstraction of the storage resources that are actually available on a given machine which creates the illusion to users of a very large (main) memory

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

… time is the time interval from the moment a physical interrupt occurs to the start of execution of the first instruction of the user task to which the interrupt is intended

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

…business is the sale of goods and services to consumers, in contrast to wholesaling, which is sale to business or institutional customers

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

A … operating system, often known as a multitasking OS, works by dedicating time to a certain activity and frequently switching between them

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• batch
• network
• real-time
• time-sharing

A company deals with tasks which take a long time to complete. Each worker has their duties that can be done offline. It’s essential for managers to estimate how long a task will take to be completed. The company uses a time-sharing system and all the users are able to finish their work in the system at the same time. However they noticed their gadgets to slow down fast. Also the workers notice the inconvenience while managing large workloads. What may be causing these problems? What decision should the company make?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• The company wants to execute a lot of things at the same time, which is now impossible, so each worker needs to use different languages to get the job done. In their case the company should use Operating System
• Workers cannot send direct instructions to the complier to execute various activities since it is extremely difficult for the user to transform their request or instruction into one language. In their case the company should use Input/Output System
• The company uses a system that dedicates time to a certain activity and frequently switches between the computers, which is overloading while completing long tasks. In their case the company should use Batch System

A UNIX based operating system, was originally developed in the mid-’90s. Its major offerings include scalability, interoperability, data management and security, all of which are crucial for businesses that need high-end operating software. In addition to the above, it is also known for its web, database and Java-based services and its unlimited capacity for helping in managing file system and databases is a big plus as well. Which operating system is described:

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Solaris, which is known as Oracle Solaris since 2010 when Oracle acquired Sun Microsystems
• Ubuntu, built on the architecture and infrastructure of Debian
• Free BSD, developed in the University of California by a large community

According to the … Institute, by 2055 unemployment will reach around 50 % of the total labor force (give or take 20 years depending on artificial intelligence growth)

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Oxford
• McKinsey
• Massachusetts
• Cambridge

An information society is a society where the usage, creation, distribution, manipulation and integration of information is a significant activity. Which of the following statements is not true about the Information Society?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• The information society refers to the social, economic, technological, and cultural changes that have occurred as a result of the rapid development and extensive use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in modern countries, particularly since World War II
• According to Professor W. Martin attempted to formulate the main characteristics of the information society according to the Social and Technological criteria
• The information society has been formed decades ago, and therefore has been widely studied from different angles; experts have reached the consensus regarding the “Information Society” term

Another name for bipolar transistors is …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• vacuum tubes
• junction transistors
• field-effect transistors
• insulated-gate bipolar transistors

Arrange the microelectronics in chronological order of their creation:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

• 1 vacuum tube
• 2 bipolar transistor
• 3 MOSFET
• 4 SSI
• 5 MSI

Arrange the states of tasks in typical RTOS designs in chronological order:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

• 1 running (executing on the CPU)
• 2 ready (ready to be executed)
• 3 blocked (waiting for an event, I/O for example)

Artificial intelligence is becoming more standardized, making it more accessible to a subject-matter expert who isn’t necessarily a knowledge engineering expert. What standards are becoming more common accessible and useful today?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Remote Data Access (RDA)
• American National Admissions Institute (ANSI) Structured Join Language (SQL)
• Object Management Group (OMG) – Common Object Broker Architecture (CORBA)
• Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), Extensible Markup Language (XML)
• Web Ontology Language (OWL), Knowledge Query and Manipulation Language, Win Interchange Format (KIF)

Cell phones are …, making it possible to provide everyone with communication channels

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Cryptography is the study of secure communications techniques that allow only the sender and intended recipient of a message to view its contents. What does a massive use of cryptography lead to?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Among other things, it leads to protection of accounting for payment by subscribers of a digital communication channel
• It leads to the dissemination of obscene materials that pose a threat to the moral foundations of society, because people feel free when they can act anonymously, distribute, buy and sell illegal materials with low chance of tracing them
• It leads to a significant improvement of the identification of people by automatic machines when crossing the borders of states

Data access can be difficult due to many problems. Which of the following situations describes the documentation problem?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• I need your information now or I won't be able to use it. The data transfer process is too slow, possibly unavailable. Because you have an older system, the migration process is too slow and inefficient. I must have immediate access to your data; otherwise your data will not help me
• The systems are not connected to the same network. Your data is too inconvenient to download. When the systems are not on the same network, downloading data can be too inconvenient. The widespread use of the World Wide Web has reduced the number of problems in this area, but separate networks will always exist
• Users are not aware of specific data sets because your metadata is not published. When metadata is not widely available, users may not even know what data sets they need

Establish a correspondence between the abbreviation and the definition:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. ISO
• B. CORBA
• C. XML
• D. SQL
• E. International Standards Organization
• F. Common Object Request Broker Architecture
• G. Extensible Markup Language
• H. Structured Query Language

In 1944 Howard Aiken developed … l that could perform calculations involving large numbers

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

In the 1960s and 1970s, microcomputers and minicomputers became available to businesses and individuals. Thanks to what technology did it become possible?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• This was made possible by the creation of integrated circuit
• This was made possible by the creation of macro chips
• This was made possible by the creation of 4-bit processor
• This was made possible by the creation of UNIVAC

Martin Timmerman formulated the necessary requirements for an RTOS. Two of them are about priorities. Why the combination of priorities is necessary?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• The RTS software is a fixed set of pre-developed modules, and the choice of a program for execution is carried out by interrupts (based on the current state of the object) or in accordance with the scheduled work schedule
• It is the opposite of “necessary”, as the combination of thread priorities can lead to problems such as priority inversion and deadlock
• RTOS needs to share resources. There are a lot of real-time process and system resources for their operation must be available in advance

Match the parts of the sentences:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. Demand for programmers is already outstripping supply, …
• B. Because the employee is working from home, …
• C. The recipient, in turn, receives this email in a matter of minutes, and if there is a problem, …
• D. Microelectronics and nanoelectronics advancements affect not just the amount of employment available in industrial countries, …
• E. …and some analysts believe that this shortfall will limit computer usage development in the next few years
• F. …the company’s electricity expenditures will be reduced, and the employee will be more comfortable working from home
• G. …the system instantly alerts the sender that a communication has failed and that he must resend it
• H. …but also, the kind of professions accessible

Match the people and the terms they put in use:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. Fritz Machlup
• B. Professor W. ‪William Martin‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬‬
• C. Nikon Kurnosov
• D. “knowledge workers”
• E. “the information society”
• F. “developed post-industrial society”

Match the terms and definitions:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. Multi-core processor
• B. Capacitor
• C. Solar cells
• D. a computer processor on a single integrated circuit with two or more separate processing units, called cores, each of which reads and executes program instructions
• E. a device that stores electrical energy in an electric field. It is a passive electronic component with two terminals
• F. an electrical device that converts the energy of light directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect, which is a physical and chemical phenomenon

Most businesses don’t want to deal with non-core tasks, which include the IT infrastructure. And if it has to pay for a data center, it has to function at maximum efficiency. Crisis situations are exacerbating resource shortages. Enterprises are cutting IT budgets, investing less in long-term projects in general and in data centers in particular. It is impossible to abandon IT altogether – it is equal to giving up doing business, but phased financing and speed of commissioning come to the fore. What do today’s IT managers face while having limited budgetary resources to expand data centers?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Task of providing more services to more users, meeting ever-increasing performance expectations, storing and managing exponentially increasing amounts of data, better protecting the network, and ensuring system stability
• Mail to be lost when using postal mail, and neither the sender nor the receiver would know where the letter was or whether it had been delivered
• They face a lot of challenges as “hundreds of billions of dollars are spent annually on mobile phones, electronic devices, computers, and other microelectronic products, spawning an entire industry that did not exist a decade ago”

Prior to the transistor’s discovery in 1947, the only way to execute amplification of a weak current in an electronic circuit was to use a vacuum tube. What were the initial advantages transistors demonstrated over small vacuum tubes?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Transistors had longer lifespan, were smaller and many of them could be placed on a single chip
• Transistors were larger, while consuming far less power. They were more reliable
• Small vacuum tubes’ production cost was much higher. Tubes’ material turned out to be harmful for people’s skin

Put today’s potential of automation in the USA according to McKinsey Global Institute from the lowest to the biggest:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

• 1 education
• 2 health care and social service
• 3 retail and wholesale trade, transportation
• 4 technologies, media and telecommunications abacus
• 5 hotel and restaurant business

The benefits of specialized RTOS include … (choose 2 correct answers)

Тип ответа: Множественный выбор • с выбором нескольких правильных ответов из предложенных вариантов

• intolerance
• top performance
• long development time
• the greatest compactness

The first recognized use of the word “computer” was from 1613. What did the “computer” use to mean before this word started to refer to devices?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• It was used for people who have a high level of intelligence
• It was used for a device which helped ships to calculate their latitude at sea
• It was used for people who performed repetitive mathematical operations

The interrupt … is the time interval from an event on an object to the execution of the first instruction in the program for processing this event

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

The OS-9 family of real-time operating systems has been in use for over 20 years, with more than 5 million installed copies. The range of OS-9 applications is wide – industrial automation, instrumental and measuring systems, military and space systems. Why has the OS-9 been so popular and widely used?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Number of supported hardware platforms and the quality of that support; various development tools; advanced network facilities
• Unlimited number of tasks; it's the first commercial real-time OS designed for building highly reliable fault-tolerant systems
• Their protocol is not based on any of the common network protocols such as IPX or NetBios and has a number of qualities that make it unique; keeps specific hardware running smoothly

The stage of society’s development when the service sector generates more wealth than the manufacturing sector of the economy is called … society

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• industrial
• knowledge
• information
• post-industrial

The unfair situation in society when some people have more opportunities, money, etc. than other people is called …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• equality
• injustice
• inequality
• lawlessness

There are some of the potential advantages of real-time operating systems, for example … (choose 2 correct answers)

Тип ответа: Множественный выбор • с выбором нескольких правильных ответов из предложенных вариантов

• they use heavy system resources
• they allow easy allocation of memory
• they allow fast shifting from one task to another
• they run on complex algorithms that are not easy to understand

There are some of the potential disadvantages of distributed operating systems, for example … (choose 2 correct answers)

Тип ответа: Множественный выбор • с выбором нескольких правильных ответов из предложенных вариантов

• they minimize the load on the host computer
• they require a high level of expertise to maintain
• they allow a faster exchange of data among users
• if the primary network fails, the entire system shuts down

Transferred data might contain some important …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• signs
• chains
• texts
• information