💯 Иностранный язык в профессиональной деятельности [Тема 1-8] — ответы на тесты Синергия / МОИ / МТИ / МосАП

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Иностранный язык в профессиональной деятельности

• Для направлений Прикладная информатика [09.03.03], Бизнес-информатика [38.03.05], Информационные системы и технологии [09.03.02], Математическое обеспечение и администрирование информационных систем [02.03.03]
• Введение в курс
• Тема 1. History of computers (История Компьютеров)
• Тема 2. Information-dependent society (Информационно-зависимое общество)
• Тема 3. Development of microelectronics (Развитие микроэлектроники)
• Тема 4. The information management challenges (Проблемы управления информацией)
• Тема 5. Software. Peopleware. (Программное обеспечение. Кадровое обеспечение)
• Тема 6. Software. Engineering. (Программное обеспечение. Разработка программного обеспечения)
• Тема 7. Data processing methods. (Методы обработки данных)
• Тема 8. Programming languages. (Языки программирования)
• Заключение 
• Итоговая аттестация

… involve managing resources and planning strategies to achieve specific goals.

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Action games
• Simulation games
• Strategy games
• Sports games

… is important in software systems as it allows them to handle increased workloads and accommodate growing user bases

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

A firewall is a security measure that controls incoming and outgoing network ….

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

According to the Federal Law on Personal Data in Russia, companies must store personal data on servers located within the country and obtain the … of the data subject for any data processing.

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Match Russian phrases with their English equivalents

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. управлять цепочкой поставок
• B. управлять ресурсами предприятия
• C. оптимизировать использование ресурсов
• D. To manage a supply chain
• E. To handle enterprise resources
• F. To streamline resource utilization

Match the beginning of each sentence with its end:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. The role of the machine’s brain is performed by …..
• B. The component responsible for storing data that the computer needs to access quickly is…..
• C. The component of a computer that connects all other components together and allows them to communicate is called …..
• D. CPU (Central Processing Unit)
• E. RAM (Random Access Memory)
• F. Motherboard

Match the definitions with corresponding terms

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. a technique used in data analysis to group similar objects together based on their similarities
• B. algorithms that involve repetition or looping
• C. algorithms that involve solving a problem by breaking it down into smaller, similar sub problems
• D. algorithms that involve making decisions based on certain conditions
• E. algorithms that can be used to identify and handle outliers effectively
• F. Clustering
• G. Iterative algorithms
• H. Recursive algorithms
• I. Selection algorithms
• J. The DBSCAN algorithms

Match the words to make up collocations :

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. A heated
• B. A Vacuum
• C. A strong
• D. Efficient
• E. A crucial
• F. filament
• G. tube
• H. password
• I. workforce
• J. role

Put the lines in the dialogue between a processor supplier and a smartphone manufacturer in a chronological order, separate the numbers with 1 gap. 1. Supplier: We regret any inconvenience caused, but currently, our stock of 6-nm micro-chips has been depleted. However, we do have an alternative option available. We can offer you 2000 microchips sized 12 nanometers (nm) at half the regular price. 2. Supplier: Greetings, you have reached Winder-Chip Supply Company. How may we be of assistance today? 3. Supplier: Of course! Our specialization lies in providing micro-chips for various electronic devices. How many microchips are you looking to order? 4. Producer: Hi there, this is SmartTech, a smartphone production company. I'm calling to inquire about placing an order for some micro-chips. 5. Producer: Thank you for the offer, but we specifically necessitate 6-nm microchips for our smartphones. The 6-nm chips offer us improved performance and power efficiency, aligning with our product's specifications and requirements. Therefore, we cannot consider the 12-nm chips as a suitable substitute. 6. Producer: We are interested in purchasing 1000 micro-chips sized 6 nanometers (nm). Do you have them available in your inventory? 7. Supplier: You're welcome! Have a splendid day as well, and we will stay in touch soon. Goodbye. 8. Producer: We acknowledge your efforts, but presently, we cannot compromise on the quality and performance of our smartphones. We will wait until the 6-nm microchips become available. Please notify us promptly once they are back in stock, and we will proceed with our order. 9. Supplier: Certainly, we highly value your business and comprehend your specific requirement for the micro-chips. We will prioritize restocking the 6-nm chips and promptly inform you once they are obtainable. Thank you for considering Microchip Supply Company, and we eagerly anticipate serving you in the future. 10.Supplier: We understand your concerns. Unfortunately, due to the high demand for 6-nm micro-chips, our inventory has been depleted. We are actively working to replenish them, but it might take some time. Is there any flexibility in your requirements, or can we assist you with alternative products or services? 11. Producer: We appreciate your understanding and assistance. We will eagerly await your update regarding the availability of the 6-nm micro-chips. Thank you for your cooperation and have a remarkable day.

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Put the words and word combinations below in order to form a meaningful sentence:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

• 1 C++ built upon
• 2 C and added
• 3 object-oriented programming features,
• 4 providing even greater
• 5 flexibility
• 6 manager in an organization

Put the words and word combinations below in order to form a meaningful sentence:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

• 1 Economics is the study
• 2 of how people, individually and
• 3 collectively, allocate their limited
• 4 resources to try to satisfy their unlimited wants.

Put the words and word combinations below in order to form a meaningful sentence:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

• 1 Personal Finance
• 2 Management (PFM) apps
• 3 help individuals track
• 4 expenses, set
• 5 budgets, and monitor
• 6 their financial health

Put the words and word combinations below in order to form a meaningful sentence:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

• 1 Python, a
• 2 programming language
• 3 gained popularity for
• 4 simplicity and readability
• 5 modern high-level

Put the words and word combinations below in order to form a meaningful sentence:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

• 1 Staff specialization in IT
• 2 is crucial for
• 3 organizations
• 4 to thrive in the ever-changing
• 5 technology landscapes

Put the words and word combinations below in order to form a meaningful sentence:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

• 1 The machine paved
• 2 the way for the
• 3 development of
• 4 modern computers

Put the words and word combinations below in order to form a meaningful sentence:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

• 1 This method
• 2 involves processing data
• 3 in a continuous
• 4 flow, rather than
• 5 separate events

Put the words and word combinations below in order to form a meaningful sentence:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

• 1 To use the abacus, you
• 2 move the beads or stones
• 3 along the rods to
• 4 represent numbers

Put the words and word combinations below in order to form a meaningful sentence:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

• 1 What
• 2 are
• 3 the duties
• 4 of
• 5 the head
• 6 chef

Put the words and word combinations below in order to form a meaningful sentence:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

• 1 Your boss wants
• 2 you to quickly
• 3 calculate each
• 4 employee's salary,
• 5 but there's a lot
• 6 of data to go through

Read a programmer’s monologue and answer the question at the end of it. Use one word: As a programmer specializing in driver development, my goal is to seamlessly connect a specific hardware piece with software applications using the power of C++. I meticulously optimize code to ensure flawless sound transmission. It's a delicate dance of data streams and system resources, capturing and transforming sound with precision. Each successful driver unlocks the hardware's potential, faithfully preserving the beauty of sound. It's a fusion of technical expertise and artistic finesse, translating raw audio into an immersive experience. Can you guess the hardware I'm referring to?

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Read a programmer’s monologue below: As a programmer working in a team developing an online taxi service, I want to share with you some insights into how we calculate distances between clients and taxis to identify the nearest available taxi. We rely on graph algorithms for this purpose. They allow us to find the shortest paths, taking into account weighted edges. By iteratively updating the distances from the source one to all others, we can determine the most optimal path for our clients and taxis. Question: Between what do they find the shortest paths?

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Read the advert of a cloud-based storage solution:  Discover a cutting-edge cloud-based solution that takes your business to new heights! Our innovative platform offers a seamless and hassle-free way to build, deploy, and scale your applications with ease. Say goodbye to complex infrastructure management and hello to streamlined development processes.  With our platform, you can focus on what matters most – developing your business. We provide a reliable and secure environment for your applications, allowing you to reduce costs and increase efficiency. No need to worry about server maintenance or software updates; we've got you covered!  Our intuitive interface makes it easy for even non-technical users to navigate and manage their applications. Whether you're a small startup or an established enterprise, our platform adapts to your needs, providing flexibility and scalability as your business grows.  Take advantage of our extensive library of pre-configured tools and services that simplify and accelerate your development cycle. From database management to authentication systems, we offer a wide range of features that save you time and effort.  Stay ahead of the competition with our robust analytics and monitoring capabilities. Gain valuable insights into your application's performance and user behavior, empowering you to make data-driven decisions and optimize your offerings.  Rest assured, your data is safe and secure with our advanced security measures. We employ industry-standard protocols and encryption techniques to protect your sensitive information.  Experience the convenience of automated scaling and load balancing, ensuring your applications can handle traffic spikes without a hitch. Say goodbye to downtime and hello to a seamless user experience.  Collaborate effortlessly with your team members, regardless of their location. Our platform promotes teamwork and collaboration, allowing you to work together seamlessly and efficiently.  Let us handle the technical complexities while you focus on your core business objectives. Our platform frees up your time and resources, enabling you to innovate and grow.  Unleash the full potential of your business with our cloud-based Platform-as-a-Service solution. Join countless satisfied customers who have witnessed the transformative power of our platform. Question: What type of cloud-based storage solution is advertised?

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Read the dialogue between a microchip supplier and a smartphone manufacturer and answer a related question. Supplier: Hello, this is Winder-Chip Supply Company. How may I assist you today? Producer: Hi, this is SmartTech, a smartphone production company. I'm calling to inquire about ordering some microchips. Supplier: Certainly! We specialize in providing microchips for various electronic devices. How many microchips are you looking to order? Producer: We are interested in purchasing 1000 micro-chips with a size of 6 nanometers (nm). Do you have them in stock? Supplier: I apologize for the inconvenience, but we have currently run out of 6-nm micro-chips. However, we do have an alternative option available. We can offer you 2000 microchips with a size of 12 nanometers (nm) at half the regular price. Producer: Thank you for the offer, but we are specifically looking for 6-nm microchips for our smartphones. The 6-nm chips provide us with better performance and power efficiency, which aligns with our product's specifications and requirements. Therefore, we cannot consider the 12-nm chips as a suitable substitute. Supplier: I understand your concerns. Unfortunately, due to the high demand for 6-nm micro-chips, our stock has been depleted. We are actively working to restock them, but it may take some time. Is there any flexibility in your requirements, or can we assist you with any other products or services? Producer: We appreciate your efforts, but at the moment, we cannot compromise on the quality and performance of our smartphones. We will wait for the availability of the 6-nm micro-chips. Please let us know as soon as they are back in stock, and we will proceed with our order. Supplier: Certainly, we value your business and understand your need for the specific micro-chips. We will prioritize restocking the 6-nm chips and inform you promptly once they are available. Thank you for considering Microchip Supply Company, and we look forward to serving you in the future. Producer: Thank you for your understanding and assistance. We'll eagerly await your update on the availability of the 6-nm micro-chips. Have a great day. Question: A 6-nm distance between what is meant here?

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Read the dialogue between a senior and a junior programmer: Senior Programmer (Sarah): Hey, Mark! Can we talk for a moment? I noticed there's a problem with the algorithm you implemented for determining the closest taxis to our clients. Clients are getting assigned to taxis that are nowhere near their location.  Junior Programmer (Mark): Oh, hey Sarah. I must have messed up. I apologize for that. [Scratching his head.]  Sarah: We need to fix it as soon as possible to provide better service.  In our case, we need to assign clients to the nearest taxis accurately.  Junior Programmer (Mark): That’s exactly what I did: implemented measuring the distance between points and selecting the closest ones. The service then assigns the client to the closest available taxi. There may be some bug… I'll make sure to dive deeper into it and fix the issues. After all, it is a standard algorithm that all taxi and delivery services use.  Senior Programmer (Sarah): It is what I think?  Junior Programmer (Mark): I am dead sure. Question: What algorithm do both the senior and junior programmers mean?

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Read the dialogue between the two geeks below and answer a related questions: Geek 1: Hey, guess what? I'm finally upgrading it! Geek 2: That's awesome! What kind are you getting? Geek 1: I decided to go with a DDR4 module. It has higher speeds and better performance compared to my old DDR3. Geek 2: Nice choice! How much capacity are you getting? Geek 1: I'm going for a 16GB kit. It should provide a significant boost to my system's multitasking capabilities. Geek 2: That's impressive! Are you also considering the frequency and timings? Geek 1: Absolutely! I'm opting for a higher frequency and lower timings to ensure faster data transfer and smoother operations. Geek 2: Smart move! Have you checked the compatibility with your motherboard? Geek 1: Yes, I made sure to select a model that matches my motherboard's specifications. It's crucial to ensure they work seamlessly together. Geek 2: Well, it sounds like you've done your research. I can't wait to see the performance improvements on your system. Geek 1: Thanks! I'm excited too. It's amazing how a simple upgrade can make such a noticeable difference in overall system performance. Question:  What piece of hardware has he upgraded?

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Read the following monologue of an employee from a Russian scientific research institute and answer a related question. Use one word. Our research institute has been dedicated to advancing X-ray lithography, a groundbreaking technology that deviates from traditional laser-based approaches. In the traditional laser-based method, laser beams are projected onto a semiconductor material through predefined structures containing circuit patterns. These structures, however, are expensive and time-consuming to create for each circuit design iteration. In contrast, our X-ray technology offers a more flexible and efficient alternative. Instead of relying on predefined structures, we directly project X-ray beams onto the semiconductor material, enabling precise modification of circuit patterns. This eliminates the need for costly and time-consuming fabrication steps, facilitating rapid prototyping and customization of integrated circuits. One notable advantage of X-ray technology is its enhanced resolution capabilities compared to traditional laser methods. The X-ray beams achieve finer feature sizes, allowing for the production of complex circuit designs. This leads to improved performance and functionality of the integrated circuits we develop. Question: What predefined structures does this technology not require?

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Read the monologue and answer the question, use only 1 word. As a blockchain programmer, I would like to discuss the limitations of data processing techniques in preventing a 51 percent attack on our company's young blockchain. Data processing that we used for our blockchain involves the distribution of tasks across multiple computers or servers connected by a network. While data processing can provide benefits in terms of scalability and reliability, it does not prevent a 51 percent attack. In this type of attack, a single entity or group gains control of more than half of the network's computing power, allowing them to manipulate transactions and potentially compromise the integrity of the blockchain. Even with this data processing mechanism, the security of a blockchain network relies on the underlying consensus mechanism. If the consensus mechanism does not adequately address the threat of a 51 percent attack, this way of data processing alone may not be sufficient to prevent such an attack. In conclusion, while this data processing technique has its advantages for managing and processing large volumes of data, additional measures beyond data processing alone are necessary to prevent and mitigate the risks of a 51 percent attack on a young blockchain network. Question: What data processing technique does the blockchain programmer discuss?

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Read the monologue of a person talking about how they use a piece of software. Answer a question related to that monologue. Let me tell you, working with spreadsheets is like embarking on a thrilling adventure. I'm what you call an advanced user, and I must say, I've come to love the intricacies of these digital grids. They may look plain and monotonous to some, but to me, they hold the power to unlock hidden treasures of data. I spend hours crafting formulas, manipulating cells, and organizing information with precision. It's like being a conductor of a symphony, orchestrating the data to create a harmonious masterpiece. From simple calculations to complex analysis, I thrive on the challenge of making sense out of raw numbers. The beauty lies in the versatility of spreadsheets. I can customize layouts, apply conditional formatting, and create visually stunning charts and graphs. It's not just about crunching numbers; it's about presenting insights in a way that captivates and informs. When I dive into a spreadsheet, I feel like a detective uncovering clues. I hunt down errors, trace the origins of data, and validate the integrity of the information. Attention to detail is my forte, and I leave no stone unturned in ensuring accuracy. Automation is my ally in this realm. I build macros and scripts to streamline repetitive tasks, saving time and effort. It's like having a trusty sidekick that enhances my productivity and empowers me to tackle more complex challenges. Collaboration is another dimension of my spreadsheet mastery. I create shared workbooks, enabling multiple individuals to contribute simultaneously. It's a symphony of teamwork, where each player adds their unique notes to create a harmonious composition. But don't mistake my passion for spreadsheets as a solitary endeavor. I'm always eager to learn and share knowledge with fellow enthusiasts. We exchange tips, tricks, and formulas, continuously pushing the boundaries of what can be achieved in this digital realm. Spreadsheets have become an integral part of my professional life. They empower me to analyze trends, make informed decisions, and present data-driven insights to stakeholders. From financial modeling to project management, the possibilities are endless. So, next time you encounter a spreadsheet, remember that it's not just rows and columns; it's a canvas of endless opportunities. With the right skills and mindset, you can transform data into a symphony of knowledge and unlock the secrets hidden within. Question: What type of software does the author use?

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Researchers use computer software programs to analyze large amounts of data, conduct simulations, and develop … models..

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

The Difference Engine was not a general-… computer but was instead designed to calculate mathematical tables that were used in science, engineering, and navigation.

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

What advantage do field-effect transistors (FETs) have over earlier types of them?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Lower power consumption
• Higher frequency handling capability
• Easier fabrication process
• Better temperature stability

What do divide and conquer algorithms involve?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Repetition or looping.
• Breaking a problem into smaller subproblems.
• Making decisions based on conditions.
• Following a linear sequence of steps.

What is a solution for storing and processing Big Data across multiple computers?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Solid-state drives
• Hard disk drives
• Tape drives
• Distributed file systems like Hadoop

What is one of the challenges addressed by HR solutions for software development teams?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Creating visually amazing and immersive experiences
• Automating hotel operations
• Managing complex manufacturing and logistics processes
• Attracting and retaining top talent

What is the difference between fault tolerance and stability in the context of data processing?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Fault tolerance is the ability to continue functioning even in the presence of faults or errors, while stability refers to the ability to maintain a steady and consistent state of operation.
• Fault tolerance refers to the ability to maintain a steady and consistent state of operation, while stability refers to the ability to continue functioning even in the presence of faults or errors.
• Fault tolerance and stability are essentially the same thing and can be used interchangeably.
• Fault tolerance and stability are not relevant to data processing.

What is the function of operating systems?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Creating and editing text-based documents
• Managing computer resources and providing an interface
• Organizing, analyzing, and manipulating numerical data
• Enabling users to access and navigate the internet

What is the purpose of programming languages?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• To communicate with computers and provide instructions.
• To create complex algorithms.
• To solve mathematical problems.
• To organize data efficiently.

Which of the following is a challenge associated with implementing industrial software?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Integration with existing systems and equipment
• Lack of specialized hardware devices
• Insufficient data analysis tools
• Excessive reliance on human labor

Which of the following is an example of industrial software used for tracking and managing assets?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• SCADA systems
• PLCs
• MES software
• CMMS software