[РОСДИСТАНТ] Английский язык в сфере профессиональной коммуникации 2 || Практические задания

Английский язык в сфере профессиональной коммуникации 2

Pedagogy is a branch of science

1. Read the text.

Pedagogy is a branch of science

Pedagogy is the science of the specially organized, goal-oriented, and systematic molding of a human being. The basic categories of pedagogy are personality formation, upbringing, education and instruction. Personality formation is called upbringing. It is the process of shaping an individual by means of goal-oriented influence and influences of the environment. Upbringing is a key concept referring to the goal-oriented activities of society and family directed toward forming a fully developed person. The way of upbringing comprises intellectual, moral, labor, aesthetic and physical upbringing as well as the formation of a world view.

Education is the process and result of assimilating a system of knowledge and of developing skills and habits ensuring a certain level of development of a person’s needs and capacities and his ability to perform some kind of practical activity. General education provides each person with the knowledge, skills, and habits he needs for overall development.

A most important means for effecting education and upbringing is instruction. The process of instruction comprises the two interconnected parts of a single whole: teaching, the pedagogue’s transmittal of knowledge and his supervision of students’ independent work; and learning, the students’ mastery of a system of knowledge, skills, and habits. Pedagogy is one of the sciences studying man, human society, and the conditions of human life.

The development of the goals, tasks, content, principles, methods, and organization of education and instruction is the theory of education and instruction. The theory and methodology of upbringing concern themselves with the formation of moral qualities, political convictions, and aesthetic tastes, as well as with the organization of pupils’ and students’ activities.

Related to pedagogy as such are the teaching methods for individual disciplines. Defectology studies the psychophysiological development of abnormal children and the principles of their upbringing, education, and instruction. It includes such narrowly specialized branches as the theory and methods of bringing up, educating, and instructing deaf and hard-of-hearing children, children who are blind or have poor vision, mentally defective children, and children with speech defects.

2. Answer the questions.

1. What is pedagogy?

a. It is the science of wild animals.

b. It is the science of watching insects.

c. It is the science of listening to birds.

d. It is the science of molding of a human being.

2. What are the main categories of pedagogy?

a. These are dream and rest.

b. These are personality formation, upbringing, education and instruction.

c. These are sport and recreation.

d. These are tutors and students.

3. What is upbringing?

a. It is a punishment.

b. It is a personality formation.

c. It is a system of knowledge.

d. It is a certain level of development.

4. What kind of upbringing do you know?

a. Loyal upbringing.

b. I know intellectual, moral, labor, aesthetic and physical upbringing.

c. Strict upbringing.

d. I know nothing about it.

5. What is education?

a. It is the process and result of assimilating a system of knowledge and of developing skills and habits.

b. It is a system of signs and sounds.

c. It is spending time with your close friends.

d. It is a brand of European university.

6. What does general education provide?

a. It provides every person with the knowledge, skills and habits he needs for overall development.

b. It provides necessary books and magazines.

c. It helps to understands the theory of relativity better.

d. It doesn’t need at all.

7. Instruction is the most important means for effecting education and upbringing is instruction, isn’t it?

a. No, it isn’t.

b. I guess no.

c. Yes, that’s so.

d. It is not so important.

8. What does the process of instruction include?

a. It consists of flora and fauna.

b. Nothing special.

c. It contains many groups of students and teachers.

d. It includes teaching and learning, the students’ mastery of a system of knowledge, skills and habits.

9.What is the theory of education and instruction?

a. Darwin’s theory.

b. The development of language skills.

c. The development of the goals, tasks, content, principles, methods and organization of education and instruction.

d. Keeping fit and knowledge about nutrition.

10. Is it possible to say that work with deaf and hard-of-hearing children, children who are blind or have poor vision, mentally defective children, and children with speech defects a widely specialized branch?

a. I think yes.

b. I totally agree with this statement.

c. Sure not. It is a narrowly specialized branch.

d. I am sure it is so.

3. Are these sentences true or false?

1. Personality formation is called adolescence.

2. Defectology pays attention to the development of healthy children only.

3. The theory and methodology of upbringing concern themselves with the formation of immoral qualities, political convictions and aesthetic tastes.

4. Pedagogy is the science of the specially organized and goal-oriented molding of a personality.

5. Defectology is specialized in work with deaf and hard-of-hearing children, children who are blind or have poor vision, mentally defective children, and children with speech defects.

6. The development of the goals, tasks, content, principles, methods, and organization of education and instruction is the theory of evolution.

7. A most important means for effecting education and upbringing is a goal.

8. Pedagogy is one of the sciences studying fauna and the conditions of wild nature.

9. General education gives us knowledge, skills and habits we need for overall development.

10. The organization of pupils’ and students’ activities is one of the main aspects in upbringing.

4.Fill in the gaps with the information from the text.

1. Defectology studies the psychophysiological development of abnormal ___.

2. The way of upbringing comprises intellectual, moral, labor, aesthetic and physical ___ .

3. The ___ of education and instruction is the development of the goals, tasks and principles

4. Pedagogy is ___ of the sciences studying man, human society, and the conditions of human life.

5. General education provides each person with the knowledge, skills, and habits he needs for overall ___ .

6. The theory and methodology of upbringing concern the ___ of pupils’ and students’ activities.

7. There are some narrowly specialized ___ which study deaf and hard-of-hearing children, children who are blind or have poor vision, mentally defective children, and children with speech defects.

8. Upbringing is a ___ concept referring to the goal-oriented activities of society and family.

9. The basic ___ of pedagogy are personality formation, upbringing, education and instruction.

10. Personality formation is the process of ___ an individual by means of goal-oriented influence and influences of the environment.

5. Match the words on the left with the words on the right

1. goal-oriented

2. aesthetic

3. system of

4. personality

5. moral

6. human

7. individual

8. speech

9. basic

10. practical

a. categories

b. activity

c. discipline

d. society

e. defects

f. activities

g. qualities

h. knowledge

i. upbringing

j. formation

Pedagogy in the Past and nowadays

1.Read the text.

In the past decade or two teaching has changed significantly. Changes have affected both the opportunities and the challenges of teaching, as well as the attitudes, knowledge, and skills needed to prepare for a teaching career.

Either in the past or in the present day, students learn at unique paces, show unique personalities and learn in their own ways. Let’s take the case of language diversity. In the USA, about 40 million people, or 14 per cent of the population are Hispanic. About 20 per cent of these speak primarily Spanish, and approximately another 50 per cent speak only limited English. The educators responsible for the children in this group need to accommodate instruction to these students. Part of the solution is to arrange specialized second-language teachers and classes. Classroom teachers must learn to communicate with students whose English language background is limited, at the same time that the students themselves are learning to use English more fluently. Teachers must plan lessons and tasks that students actually understand.

Another factor making classroom increasingly diverse has been the inclusion of students with disabilities into classrooms with non-disabled peers. The laws in the USA and Canada guarantee free, appropriate education for children with disabilities of any kind—whether the impairment is physical, cognitive, emotional, or behavioral. The laws also recognize that such students need special supports in order to learn or function effectively in a classroom with non-disabled peers, so they provide for special services and procedures for making individualized educational plans for students with disabilities.

As a result of these changes, most American and Canadian teachers are likely to have at least a few students with special educational needs, even if they are not trained as special education teachers or have had no prior personal experience with people with disabilities. Classroom teachers are also likely to work as part of a professional team focused on helping these students to learn as well as possible and to participate in the life of the school.

The diversity of modern classrooms is not limited to language or disabilities. Another recent change has been the broadening simply of the age range of individuals who count as “students.” The obvious differences in maturity between preschoolers and older children lead most teachers of the very young to use flexible, open-ended plans and teaching strategies, and to develop more personal or family-like relationships with their young “students” than typical with older students. Many individuals take courses well into adulthood even if they do not attend formal university or college. Adult education, as it is sometimes called, often takes place in workplaces, but it often also happens in public high schools or at local community colleges or universities.

Students learned from the teacher. Facts were learned from text books. Learning took place in the classroom. Teachers asked questions and students answered them. Information about faraway places was found in books.

Today students learn from the teacher, each other, the Internet, books, movies, people inside the school, people outside the school, and people in other countries. Students learn through inquiry. They ask questions, wonder, explore, experiment and investigate new ideas. They make online global connections and learn about faraway places directly from people who live in them! With the Internet, it is easy to access up-to-date information on practically any subject imaginable, often with pictures, video clips and audio to accompany them. Using such technology, teachers can focus much more on helping individuals in developing and carrying out learning plans, as well as on assisting individuals with special learning problems.

2. Answer the questions.

1. What is language diversity?

a. The unique system of learning languages.

b. The unique method of teaching languages.

c. The system to prepare for exams.

d. The existence of various languages in a region or state, and its mutual interaction.

2. What do teachers need to cope with a problem of language diversity?

a. They need to depart students who misunderstand them.

b. They need to think of second-language teachers and classes.

c. They need to forget about their existence in class.

d. They need to call their parents.

3. How to plan lessons and tasks?

a. They must be difficult.

b. They must be understandable for children.

c. It is necessary to forget about homework for children.

d. There is no necessity for preparation at all. Everything must be spontaneous.

4. What do the laws guarantee?

a. Canadian and American laws guarantee paid, appropriate education for disabled children.

b. Canadian and American laws guarantee free, appropriate education for disabled children.

c. Canadian and American laws guarantee free, inappropriate education for disabled children.

d. Canadian and American laws guarantee paid, inappropriate education for disabled children.

5. What kind of disabilities are possible to meet in schools?

a. It can be physical, cognitive, emotional or behavioral impairment.

b. It can be moral degradation.

c. It can be full misunderstanding.

d. Students with disabilities can’t be in classrooms with non-disabled peers.

6. What should teachers pay attention to in a work with students with disabilities?

a. They should provide these students for special services and procedures for making individualized educational plans.

b. They don’t need to pay attention to them at all.

c. They should not support these students.

d. They shouldn’t provide these students for special services and procedures.

7. Is adult education widespread?

a. Definitely no. There is no need to train workers.

b. Sure not. Working people have no any wish and time for it.

c. Definitely yes, especially in workplaces.

d. It happens in secondary schools too.

8. What is special about American and Canadian teachers?

a. They don’t have a higher education.

b. They don’t share their experience.

c. They go to Russia to work in prisons.

d. They prefer to have at least a few students with special educational needs.

9. What advantages does a modern education have?

a. Students continue doing their homework using their parents’ copybooks.

b. Students stay in libraries day and night.

c. Students use different up-to-date ways to get knowledge.

d. Students call grandparents to ask answers.

10. Modern technology affords teachers focus on assisting individuals with special learning problems, doesn’t it?

a. No, it doesn’t.

b. It’s impossible.

c. Yes, it does.

d. I don’t know.

3. Are these sentences true or false?

1. Teachers must learn to communicate with students whose English language background is unlimited.

2. The laws in the USA and Canada don’t guarantee free, appropriate education for children with disabilities of any kind.

3. The diversity of modern classrooms is not limited to language or disabilities.

4. Information about faraway places was found in books only.

5. Some people take courses well into adulthood even if they do not attend formal university or college.

6. The laws provide for special services students without health problems only.

7. Teachers don’t care of planning lessons and tasks for students.

8. American and Canadian teachers are likely to have at least a few students with special educational needs.

9. Adult education often takes place either in workplaces or in public high schools.

10. The educators are responsible for children.

4.Fill in the gaps with the information from the text.

1. The diversity of modern classrooms is not limited to language or ___ .

2. Students learned from the ___ .

3. Using new technology, teachers can ___ much more on helping individuals.

4. Classroom teachers should learn to communicate with students whose English language background is ___ .

5. ___ about different places was found in books.

6. Students make ___ connections and learn about faraway places from people who live in other countries.

7. Teachers asked ___ and students answered them.

8. The laws in the USA and Canada guarantee appropriate ___ for disabled children.

9. About ___ per cent of these speak primarily Spanish.

10. The laws provide for special ___ and procedures for students with disabilities.

5. Match the words on the left with the words on the right

1. unique

2. language

3. limited

4. special

5. second-language

6. personal

7. up-to-date

8. teaching

9. professional

10. non-disabled

a. career

b. personalities

c. peers

d. team

e. information

f. diversity

g. support

h. experience

i. teachers

k. English

Pedagogy in Russia

1. Read the text.

Education in Russia

Education plays a very important role in our life. It is one of the most valuable possessions a man can get in his life.

During all the periods of human history education ranked high among people. Human progress mostly depended upon well-educated people. We get our knowledge of this world and life through education. Many famous discoveries would have been impossible if people were not interested in learning something. Self-education is very important for the development of human’s talents. Only through self-education a person can become a harmonically developed personality.

Originally Russian education starts from the early age. Children can start going to kindergarten from the age of two, but this is not a compulsory education. It depends on parents’ decision and child’s wish to attend this institution. However, school is mandatory. Every child starts going to school from the age of seven and till 16.

Mandatory education in Russia is presented by three types of schools: primary, secondary and high. The primary school teaches its pupils elementary skills, such as reading, writing, counting. Many schools also offer foreign languages or some other special disciplines at this age. The most important period is the secondary school, which starts from the 4th or 5th grade, depending on school. This is the time when children start learning Biology, Geography, Chemistry, Physics, Computing, and many other new subjects. At the 9th grade children face a very important period in their life. They have to choose whether to continue school education, or to leave for other types of educational institutions, such as college, specialized schools and else. If the pupil decides to continue studying in high school, which lasts for two years, he can enter the university after school graduation.

Of course, it’s only the general pattern of education in Russia, but there can also be some exceptions nowadays. For example, there are lots of special schools, where they pay attention only to particular subjects. Also, apart from state schools, there are a number of private schools, where education is not free of charge.

A person becomes a highly qualified specialist after getting some special education. And professionalism can be reached only through it. Even highly qualified specialists from time to time attend refresher courses to refresh their knowledge.

Education develops all sides of human personality, reveals his abilities. Besides, it helps a person to understand himself, to choose the right way in this world. Science and art belong to the whole world. The barriers of nationality disappear. So education brings people closer to each other, helps them to understand each other better.

2. Answer the questions.

1 Does education develop all sides of personality and reveal his abilities?

a. Of course no.

b. No it doesn’t.

c. I partly agree with it.

d. Definitely yes.

2. Self-education is unimportant for the development of human’s talents, isn’t it?

a. Definitely yes.

b. That’s not true.

c. I completely agree with it.

d. Sure.

3. Are there more than 5 types of schools in our country?

a. Who said you that?

b. That’s not true.

c. Yes, of course.

d. I guess more.

4. Do schools offer foreign language courses to parents?

a. They are for VIP only.

b. It is not so.

c. Yes, they do.

d. Exactly.

5. Do teachers need to refresh their knowledge time to time?

a. Definitely yes.

b. What for to do it?

c. They are genius enough.

d. No, they don’t.

6. Do special schools pay attention only to particular subjects?

a. Yes, that’s true.

b. No, they don’t.

c. It’s a good idea.

d. I know nothing about it.

7. Is going to kindergarten a compulsory education?

a. Yes of course.

b. I have no any idea about it.

c. Of course not.

d. Partly agree with it.

8. How can a person become a harmonically developed personality?

a. He can sleep much.

b. He can walk a lot.

c. He must know all rules of nutrition.

d. He can does it only through self-education.

9. What is the main role of education?

a. It spoils our behavior.

b. It makes us feel stress.

c. It develops all sides of human personality

d. It makes us be criminals.

10. What factor made us discover something new?

a. Our great laziness.

b. Disappointment.

c. Our wish to know more.

d. Loneliness.

3. Are these sentences true or false?

1. A person becomes a highly qualified specialist after getting primary education.

2. Only private schools offer foreign languages.

3. Education in private schools is free of charge.

4. Education makes people understand each other worse.

5. A bank account is the most valuable possessions a man can get in his life.

6. The primary school teaches its pupils elementary skills.

7. During all human history education meant nothing among people.

8. Children go to kindergarten at the age of 1.

9. Education in Russia is obligatory.

10. In primary school children face a choice of future profession.

4.Fill in the gaps with the information from the text.

1. A person becomes a highly qualified ___after getting some special education.

2. Many pupils decide to ___ education in higher educational institutions.

3. ___ schools are not for people with low income.

4. Studying in high school lasts for ___ years.

5. People broaden their outlook through ___ .

 6. ___ ___ pay attention only to particular subjects.

7. State schools ___ free of charge.

8. Many famous discoveries would have been ___ if people were not interested in learning something.

9. Education develops all sides of human ___.

10. Human progress mostly depended upon ___ people.

5. Match the words on the left with the words on the right

1. refresher

2. human’s

3. specialized

4. educational

5. particular

6. compulsory

7. specialized

8. parents’

9. pay

10. well-educated

a. education

b. people

c. attention

d. talents

e. decision

f. schools

g. schools

h. subjects

i. institutions

j. courses

Education plays a very important role in our life. It is one of the most valuable possessions a man can get in his life.

During all the periods of human history education ranked high among people. Human progress mostly depended upon well-educated people. We get our knowledge of this world and life through education. Many famous discoveries would have been impossible if people were not interested in learning something. Self-education is very important for the development of human’s talents. Only through self-education a person can become a harmonically developed personality.

A person becomes a highly qualified specialist after getting some special education. And professionalism can be reached only through it. Even highly qualified specialists from time to time attend refresher courses to refresh their knowledge.

Education develops all sides of human personality, reveals his abilities. Besides, it helps a person to understand himself, to choose the right way in this world. The civilized state differs from others in the fact that it pays much attention to the educational policy. John Kennedy said: “Our progress as a nation can be no swifter than our progress in education”. But it doesn’t concern only one particular nation. We know that science and art belong to the whole world. Before them the barriers of nationality disappear. So education brings people closer to each other, helps them to understand each other better.

Pedagogy in English speaking countries

1.Read the text.

Education

Education is very important in our life. An educated person is one who knows a lot about many things. He always tries to learn, find out, discovers more about the world around him. He gets knowledge at school, from books, magazines, from TV educational programs. The pupils can get deeper knowledge in different optional courses in different subjects and school offers these opportunities. They can deepen and improve their knowledge by attending different optional courses in different subjects. The result of the educative process is the capacity for further education. Nowadays the students of secondary schools have opportunities to continue their education by entering gymnasiums, lyceums and colleges. But the road to learning is not easy.

There is no loyal road to learning. To be successful in studies one must work hard. It's for you to decide to learn and make progress or not to learn lose your time. The role of foreign languages is also increasing today. Thanks to the knowledge of foreign languages one can read books, magazines in the original, talk to foreigners, translate various technical articles. Moreover, joint ventures which have recently appeared in our country need specialists with profound knowledge of foreign languages like English, German or French. To know foreign languages is absolutely necessary for every educated person, for good specialists. Our country is transferring to a market economy. Research and innovations should improve living, working conditions of our people. That is why it is so important to be persistent in students. English is a world language. It is the language of progressive science and technology, trade and cultural relations, commerce and business. It's the language of international aviation, shipping and sports. It's also the major language of diplomacy. Geographically it is the most widespread language on earth, second only to Chinese in the number of people who speak it. Learning a foreign language is not an easy thing. It's a long and slow process that takes a lot of time and practice. A foreign language is not just a subject learnt in the classrooms. It's something which is used in real life situations. There are many reasons why we begin to study foreign languages. First of all it's an effective medium of international communication. I'm convinced if we are working in any brunch of science we must read books and magazines in other languages. Learning foreign languages opens up opportunities and careers that didn't even exist some years ago. Knowing foreign languages can help us to find a job in such fields as science and technology, foreign trade and banking, international transportation communication, teaching librarian science and others. A more general aim is to make our intellect and cultures. Learning a foreign language includes learning culture and traditions. Of course speaking and writing in a foreign language is a difficult art and it has to be learned. Needless to say that English has become very popular today. About 350 million people speak English as its first language. About the same numbers use it as a second language. It's an official language in 44 countries. It's the dominant language of medicine, electronics and space technology, of international business and advertising, of radio. It has replaced French in the world of diplomacy and German in the field of science. To know a foreign language is absolutely necessary for all educated person and modern specialists. Everything depends on our own efforts.

2. Answer the questions.

1. Is education very important in our life?

a. Yes, it gives me much info in sales.

b. Yes, it helps me to translate with Google well.

c. No, it doesn’t teach me anything.

d. Yes, because an educated person knows much.

2. How can you become educated?

a. With the help of knowledge about marketing.

b. With the help of deeper knowledge in different subjects

c. With the help of practice.

d. With the help of friends’ advice.

3. Where do you have a possibility to get further education?

a. In prison.

b. In educational institutions.

c. In the street.

d. In hospital.

4. What do you need to be successful in studies?

a. Your rich parents’ bank account.

b. You don’t have to be lazy.

c. Your personal experience.

d. Spending time with your close people and friends.

5. How to improve your foreign language skills?

a. You need to get married a foreigner.

b. You should use Google translator as much as it is possible.

c. You don’t need to read books in origin.

d. You have to do simple sums.

6. What for should a person know foreign languages?

a. To be a good specialist.

b. To chat with friends.

c. To write poems.

d. To watch cartoons on TV.

7. What is the most widespread language in earth?

a. Chinese

b. French

c. English

d. German

8. Is it easy to learn foreign languages?

a. Yes, it is very easy.

b. It is depends on a person.

c. No, it is not, because you have to pay a lot of money for it.

d. No, it is a long and slow process.

9. In what fields and science can you find a job if you know foreign languages?

a. In harvesting.

b. In window cleaning.

c. In foreign trade and banking.

d. In repairing phones.

10. What does learning a foreign language include?

a. You should only speak a foreign language.

b. You should only write a foreign language.

c. You should learn culture, traditions and mode of thought of different people.

d. You should translate texts with dictionaries.

3. Are these sentences true or false?

1. There is no necessity in good specialists in educational system nowadays.

2. The popularity of English language is increasing day by day.

3. There is no need to learn grammar and pronunciation to write and speak in a proper way.

4. Knowing foreign languages can help you to find a job in different fields.

5. The harder you study, the better result is.

6. A good teacher is a great luck for your child and you as a parent.

7. To become a teacher you need to know psychology and pedagogy.

8. English is an official language in more than fifty countries.

9. Learning a foreign language includes learning etiquette.

10. Any educated person gets knowledge from glance magazines.

4.Fill in the gaps with the information from the text.

1. English is an official language in ___countries.

2. Learning a ___ language is not an easy thing.

3. To use foreign languages in practice is absolutely necessary for ___ ___ ..

4. Speaking and writing in a foreign language is a difficult ___ .

5. ___ is a world language.

6. The result of the educative process is the ___ for further education.

7. There are many ___ why we begin to study foreign languages.

8. All students of secondary schools have opportunities to continue their ___ .

9. ___ can deepen and improve their knowledge by attending different optional courses in different subjects.

10. English has become very ___ today.

5. Match the words on the left with the words on the right

1. progressive

2. the dominant

3. to depend

4. to open up

5. optional

6. a foreign

7. cultural

8. the world of

9. space

10. international

a. language

b. course

c. technology

d. diplomacy

e. communication

f. relations

g. opportunities

h. language

i. science

j. on our efforts