[ОТВЕТЫ] Синергия Иностранный язык в сфере юриспруденции:⭐Итоговая аттестация тесты Тема 1-4
[ОТВЕТЫ] Синергия Иностранный язык в сфере юриспруденции Тема 1-4 (Тест Отлично🟢: Все ответы 2024г.) ⭐База правильных ОТВЕТОВ. Ответы к тесту указаны в файле. После покупки вы сможете скачать файл со всеми ответами. Все вопросы к тесту указаны ниже в оглавлении.
Тема 1. What is Law? (Что такое закон?)
Тема 2. Law and Values. (Закон и ценности.)
Тема 3. Consumer Law (Закон о правах потребителя)
Тема 4. How Laws Protect the Consumer. (Как законы защищают потребителя.)
Итоговая аттестация
… and supervision of consumer protection by Rospotrebnadzor acting pursuant to its Regulations approved by Resolution of the Russian Government
… are responsible for ensuring product safety and to control the protection of human rights
… are supposed to be reflected in law as law should be based on what society sees as acceptable, fair, just
… flaw in goods (works, services) means a flaw that it is impossible to eliminate or a flaw which cannot be eliminated without spending an in commensurate outlays or time or which occurs repeatedly or which emerges again after it has been eliminated or other similar flaws
… is a comprehensive legal term that describes the condition of being actually or potentially subject to a legal obligation
… is a scheme of social control that is represented by a combination of relations between several things
… is an organisation, regardless of the organisational-and-legal form thereof, or an individual businessman engaged in importing commodities for their subsequent sale
… is classified as private law
… is concerned with human actions, and the choice of those actions, and evaluates those actions, and the values that underlie them
… is defined as freedom from inner conflict
… is firm adherence to a code of especially moral or artistic values
… is overall quality or character, that helps you to attract new customers and build customer loyalty
… is the area of law that deals with agreements between people, businesses, and groups
… is the condition of being free of restraints, especially the ability to act without control or interference by another or by circumstance
… is the estimated or appraised worth of any object or property, calculated in money
… is the practice of safeguarding buyers of goods and services, and the public, against unfair practices in the marketplace
… is usually connected with what is believed to be right or wrong, with human moral principles or values
… law deals with marriage and divorce
… laws are statutory instruments made by local governments to regulate a broad range of issues within their communities
… measures are referred to as acts or, in the case of bicameral legislatures, joint or concurrent resolutions of both houses
… secure guiding liberties and rights from the unreasonable intrusions by persons, organizations, or government
… values are the goals that a person would like to achieve during his or her lifetime
… values are the highest values in a person’s value system
… values are the values that are often used
… values are usually mutual for different communities and could be described using the following characteristics – socially acceptable, right and wrong
A branch of the law that governs the horizontal relationships among private parties is … law
A claim for damage caused to health, life or property may be brought against a … (either seller or executor) at the consumer’s discretion
A comprehensive legal term that describes the condition of being actually or potentially subject to a legal obligation is …
A legal … is the legal condition of a person who is required or forbidden by the law to perform an act
A number of principles of a formal and procedural character, addressing the way in which a community is governed comprises …
A person who hears a case at court is called a …
A prominent growth in the individual associations took place in Europe in …
A set of principles established by the founders of the organization to communicate its underlying moral values are called … standards
A synonym for light-hearted and joyful is …
A system of law that prescribes conduct perceived as threatening, harmful, or otherwise endangering to the property, health, safety, and moral welfare of people inclusive of one’s self is … law
A system of law that represents rights and obligations in the sphere of business transactions is … law
A system of treaties and agreements between nations that governs how nations interact with other nations, citizens of other nations, and businesses of other nations is … law
A turning point in the Consumer Protection Legislation was the … Treaty, signed on February 7, 1992 and ratified by Law no. 454 of November 3, 1992 that transformed the European Community in European Union
Adultery is a voluntary sexual intercourse between a married person and someone other than that person's current spouse or partner. The Code of Hammurabi in Babylonia provided a punishment of death by drowning for adultery. In ancient Greece and in Roman law, an offending female spouse could be killed, but men were not severely punished. Study the following case: “The husband alleged that he saw his wife talking with another person on three occasions”.
What’s the difference between “ethical” and “legal”? Does the case deal with Russian/English criminal law?
Although, there are values accepted by the whole community, there are also … values that may be specific
An area of United States law that involves agreements between people, businesses, and groups is … law
Analyze the following case:
Therapist sent a third billing notice to a slow-to- pay client’s fax machine in her office but client did not report to work that day. The bill was titled “psychological services rendered” and handwritten in large print was “Third Notice – OVERDUE!!” with client’s name. This notice sat in an open access mail tray of the busy office all day.
Was is reasonable? Is it allowed to send private material in such a manner?
Another important function of … is the protection of the legitimate interests of citizens
Antique shop owner Mary uses a courier service to ship a set of china to John. The china set gets broken during delivery. You are a lawyer. Advise Mary as to her liability.
Who will be responsible for fixing the problem?
Apart from Rospotrebnadzor, protection of … rights in Russia is also conducted by municipal authorities that review applications from consumers, give necessary consultations and apply to courts to protect consumers
Arrange the actions according to the order in which the goods are returned:
Arrange the following acts chronologically:
Arrange the following areas of law chronologically according to their appearance:
Arrange the following consumer acts chronologically:
Arrange the following legal acts chronologically:
Arrange the needs according to Dr. Abraham Maslow starting from the basic ones:
Arrange the needs according to Dr. Abraham Maslow starting with the highest ones:
Arrange the sources of law according to their importance (start with the least important):
Arrange the sources of law according to their importance (start with the most important one):
Arrange the values according to the theory of values by Max Scheler starting from the basic values:
As a member of a profession dedicated to the service of clients, a … should be committed to the values
Attribute the following terms to the appropriate groups:
Basic and fundamental beliefs that guide or motivate attitudes or actions are …
Both terminal and … values affect people’s personal as well as professional lives alike
Civil claims are dealt with by … law
Code of … Offences establishes liability for certain offences committed against a consumer, such as: selling goods and rendering works or services of improper quality
Consumer … laws are designed to prevent businesses from engaging in fraud or unfair practices, to protect individuals from scam artists, and identity thieves and crooks
Consumer protection ensures that … make well-informed decisions about their choices and have access to effective redress mechanisms
Consumer protection in the American legislation is implemented through …
Consumer protection laws and actions had a rapid growth in the …
Consumer protection laws safeguard … of goods and services against defective products and deceptive, fraudulent business practices
Consumer Protection Laws specific to … commerce provides the regulation and oversight of the integrity of products and services offered within a virtual marketplace
Consumer Protection within the computer age prevents from the defrauding of consumers engaging within the … marketplace upon regulating the methods and activities of electronic commerce and transactions
Consumers face high cost and time barriers to taking action against a business, resulting in low usage of consumer …
Correlate the branch of law with regulated legal relationship:
Correlate the branch of law with regulated legal relationship:
Criminal law prosecutes activities which are …
Establish the sequence of actions to make a return request:
Hammurabi’s Code contains …
Historically, under the common law doctrine of caveat emptor, … had very little protection from misleading sales, requiring consumers to inspect all transactions themselves
If a product fails to comply with its description or the regulations regarding production or labelling, it is considered to be ‘…’ for the purposes of this provision, thus subjecting the defendant to liability
If a warranty period is established for the goods, the buyer has the right to make claims related to the short delivery of the goods within …
If an individual does not meet the required definition (e.g., an individual entrepreneur, who buys goods in the course of his business), he is not subject to the Consumer … Law
If you buy something online and it is … or not as advertised or not fit for purpose you will have exactly the same rights as if you bought it in a shop.
In Russia rather than having a single product liability …, the relevant rules are scattered among various laws
It is not correct that … are a capacity
It is not correct that … belong to instrumental values
It is not correct that … belongs to terminal values
It is not correct that … is included in the guidelines for Consumer protection
It is not correct that legal doctrine is also recognized as a … of law
Judy owns a clothing retail store. One of her customers returns a T-shirt because it doesn’t fit her.
Does Judy have to give her customer a different size or a refund?
Law creates not only …, but also justifications for people to behave in a certain way (lawful behaviour)
Laws are binding for the members of the society because …
Laws currently in force in England include …
Mary had therapy sessions. She found out that the psychologist sent copies of her case notes to the insurance carrier responsible for reimbursement and that therapist should not have revealed this information. Client reported psychologist to the APA Ethics Committee for violating confidentiality principles. Psychologist explained to Ethics Committee that any client understands that their confidentiality may be breached when using an insurance company for third-party reimbursement due to administrative and professional peer review. Nonetheless, psychologist never informed client of this risk before therapy began, rather, he assumed client “must understand” the protocol.
Think of the Ethics Committee adjudication.
Match the given countries to the corresponding law systems:
Match the given expressions with the definitions:
Match the given expressions with the definitions:
Match the given expressions with the definitions:
Match the words with the synonyms:
Match the words with the synonyms:
Match the words with their synonyms:
Match the words with their synonyms:
Mercantile Law is …
Mercantile law was created in … to deal with interactions between merchants, and continues to change over time due to legislative changes, case law, and long-term trends in usage
Milton Rokeach defines values as enduring beliefs that … are preferred
Most rules of law have developed from the … that are known as a settled and accepted way of behavior in the defined circumstances
Product … in Russia is regulated by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (the Civil Code) and the Law “On Consumer Protection” dated 7 February 1992 (the Consumer Protection Law)
Product … is the ability of a product to be safe for intended use, as determined when evaluated against a set of established rules
Product liability in Russia is regulated by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (the Civil Code) and the Law ‘On Consumer Protection’ dated 7 February … (the Consumer Protection Law)
Products must be recalled when …
Put the steps of the consumer decision making process in the appropriate order:
Rachel buys a commercial welding machine for her building business. A few weeks later, it breaks down.
Can Rachel get a remedy from the store he bought it from?
Reading … reviews can tell you more about a company or product
Rospotrebnadzor inspects products (works, services) as being in conformity with obligatory … ensuring safety towards consumers and environment as well as preventing harm and damages thereto
Russia belongs to …
Some scholars don’t distinguish between morals and …
Strict liability is applied regardless of whether or not contractual relations exist. The test for whether ‘… information’ was supplied to a consumer is quite uncertain
Susan buys a cup of coffee and accidentally spills it at Kate’s bar.
What must Kate do to fix the problem?
Susan is an Asian-American. She wanted to continue her studies at a local public college but her application was rejected. Susan has grounds to suppose that it was because of her ethnic origin. She filed suit against the college.
What law is applied in such a case?
The “cooling off” period available to consumers who change their minds about goods they've bought from a retailer in Russia takes …
The … and anti-monopoly laws passed both at the close of the 19th century, as well as the early years of the 20th century disallowed for the commercial monopolization of the commercial market for the first time in conjunction with recorded and mandated legislature within the United States
The … Code and the Consumer Protection Law contain a number of provisions by which manufacturers may incur liability for loss or damage suffered by the consumers of their products
The … Code and the Consumer Protection Law contain a number of provisions by which manufacturers may incur liability for loss or damage suffered by the consumers of their products, regardless of whether or not a direct contractual relationship exists
The … considered the Twelve Tables, the first codification of Roman law, to be among their greatest achievements
The … Directive is the foundational legal framework for online services in the EU
The … is an individual who has the intention of ordering or acquiring goods (works, services) or who orders, acquires or uses them exclusively for personal, family, household and other needs not relating to the pursuance of entrepreneurial activities
The … is an organization regardless of its organisational and legal form and also an individual entrepreneur who performs works or renders services to consumers under a cost contract
The … is an organization, regardless of its organisational and legal form, and also an individual entrepreneur who perform works or render services to the consumers on the chargeable agreement
The … is an organization, regardless of its organisational and legal form, and also an individual entrepreneur who sells goods to consumers under a sale contract
The … of law comprises a number of principles of a formal and procedural character, addressing the way in which a community is governed
The … of the State Council fulfil their responsibilities independently.
The agency responsible for inspecting complaints of scams and fraud against businesses is …
The aim of the … is to share information about cross-border commercial activities that may affect consumer interests, and to encourage international cooperation among law enforcement agencies
The basic feature of the Russian legislation regulating product liability is …
The body of rules, doctrines, and practices that govern the operation of political communities is …
The company that makes a particular brand of sneakers is an example of the … of the sneakers
The Consumer Code in Italy came into force on 23 October 2005 and has been a … body of law for the protection of consumer rights
The Courts are to …
The distinction between Public and Private Law is a purely academic debate, nevertheless, it also affects legal practice. There are areas of law, which may not fit into distinction of Public or Private Law. Study the following case:
An employment inspector investigates workplace safety, checking all the equipment. The inspector investigates workplace incidents, and conducts workplace inspections to evaluate compliance.
Decide whether it falls into the category of Public or Private law.
The earliest Consumer Protection law was …
The elements to ensure legal capacities and liabilities include …
The ethical norms, values, and principles that guide a profession and the ethics of decisions made within the profession are called … ethics
The EU legislation provides for some consumer protection or regulates the power of national authorities to introduce consumer protection …
The Federal Trade … works with foreign competition and consumer protection authority, and cooperates with foreign authorities on enforcement and policy matters through formal and informal agreements
The Federal Trade Commission’s mission is to protect consumers and promote …
The forms of laws are …
The functions of Rospotrebnadzor’s officials are to … (choose 2 correct answers)
The idea of written laws first appears in … culture
The idea of written laws goes back to ancient … culture that prospered long before the Bible was written or the civilizations of the Greeks or Romans flowered
The individual associations remained weak until, in 1989, was created the … Consumers and Users Association which was attended by nine associations
The law creates a … system including the system of the courts for mitigating controversies
The law operates in the … environment
The laws are enforced according to their acceptance by …
The legal framework within which public administration is carried out is … law
The main spheres of law are …
The manufacturer (but not the seller) must compensate the … against losses suffered as a result of the product’s recall
The oldest known evidence of a law code is the …
The principles concerning the distinction between right and wrong or good and bad behaviour are …
The product can be recalled from the market and from consumers by …
The Product Liability … of 1985 was the first consumer protection measure
The purpose of a green paper of the European Commission of 2001 was …
The Regulation on Consumer Protection Cooperation (CPC) is applicable in the … Economic Area
The rights and responsibilities of consumers, legal provisions and mechanism for settlement of consumer grievances are called … protection
The role of voluntary associations of consumers is to …
The system of rules which regulates society is …
The United Nations Guidelines for Consumer Protection, that were adopted in 1985 and revised in 1999, propose a list of objectives described as “legitimate …”
The very first legislation known to history which affirmed the legal personhood of women is called the … of Hammurabi
There are various fields of law. The types of law students choose to pursue often determine the firms they can apply to once they graduate. Here’s a case that can be attributed to one field of law: a golf player known for his speed and elusiveness murdered his wife.
Is it public law or private law? What is the area of law? Who will initiate the case?
There are voluntary … of consumers (generally formed as non-commercial enterprises) who also protect consumers
Under the Russian law, the state control and … of consumer protection as well as sanitary and epidemiological safety of the population is conducted by the Russian Federal Consumer Rights Protection and Human Health Control Service (Rospotrebnadzor)
Values are frequently regarded as “enduring …” that are stable and reflect the way the decisions are made.
Values are practical based on the previous …, usually of several generations
We can find he expression “An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth” in the …
You are a lawyer. In Liza’s electronics shop in the Russia Federation Ivan buys an expensive TV-set. Three weeks after the 12-month manufacturer’s warranty expires, the TV-set stops working.
Must Liza give Ivan a remedy?
You are a lawyer. Your client is Tatyana who bought boots in the shop 35 days ago. Yesterday she found out that her boots had a hole. She wants to have her money back as she states that it was a defective product.
Can she return goods after 14 days of the purchase? Does she need to have a receipt? Who should pay for the expertise?
