💯 Иностранный язык в сфере юриспруденции [Тема 5-8] — ответы на тесты Синергия / МОИ / МТИ / МосАП

Иностранный язык в сфере юриспруденции > Тест 5 / Тест 6 / Тест 7 / Тест 8 / Итоговый тест / Компетентностный тест

• правильные ответы на вопросы из тестов по данной дисциплине
• вопросы отсортированы в лексикографическом порядке

Иностранный язык в сфере юриспруденции

• Тема 5. Law in Everyday Life. (Законы в повседневной жизни.)
• Тема 6. Human Rights. (Права человека.)
• Тема 7. Constitution. (Конституция.)
• Тема 8. Drugs – Death Danger (Наркотики.)
• Заключение
• Итоговая аттестация

… are penalties or other means of enforcement used to provide incentives for obedience with the law, or with rules and regulations

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

… law is also referred to as “primitive law”, “unwritten law”, “indigenous law”, and “folk law”

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

… law is based on precedents, that is the judicial decisions from previous cases, rather than law based on constitutions, statutes, or regulations

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

… laws are perceived to be eternal and immutable, while secular rules can be changed by their makers

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

… of law are the materials and processes out of which law is developed

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Practices
• Codes
• Sources

‘Ius civile’ applied to … citizens

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Roman
• Greek
• Roman-Greek

A … is a direct vote by the electorate on a proposal, law, or political issue

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

A constitutional … is a government in which the people vote for representatives or laws, and in which the laws are authorized and constrained by a constitution

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

A formal and organized choice by vote of a person for a political office or other position is called an …

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

According to the Constitution there are 3 branches: …, executive and judiciary

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

According to the Guinness Book of World Records, the Universal Declaration of … is the most translated document in the world

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

According to the specialists, the current level of drug addiction is …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• critical
• moderate
• low

Arrange modern constitutions chronologically (consider the date of their adoption):

Тип ответа: Сортировка

• 1 Constitution of Norway
• 2 Constitution of Italy
• 3 Constitution of France
• 4 Constitution of Russia
• 5 Constitution of Belarus

Arrange the documents chronologically (consider the date of their adoption):

Тип ответа: Сортировка

• 1 The Parliament Acts
• 2 The Representation of the People Acts
• 3 The European Communities Act
• 4 The Scottish, Welsh and Northern Ireland devolution Acts
• 5 The Human Rights Act

Arrange the documents chronologically:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

• 1 The ‘Great Charter of the Liberties of England’
• 2 The Provisions of Oxford
• 3 The Bill of Rights
• 4 The European Communities Act

Arrange the documents chronologically:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

• 1 The Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees
• 2 The Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
• 3 The Convention on the Rights of the Child
• 4 The Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam

Arrange the documents chronologically:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

• 1 The Cyrus Cylinder
• 2 The Magna Carta
• 3 The Petition of Rights
• 4 The US Declaration of Independence

Arrange the following drug control treaties chronologically according to the date of their entry in force:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

• 1 the Agreement concerning the Manufacture of, Internal Trade in and Use of Prepared Opium
• 2 the International Opium Convention 1925
• 3 Convention for the Suppression of the Illicit Traffic in Dangerous Drugs
• 4 the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs
• 5 the International Convention Against Doping in Sport

Arrange the following drug control treaties chronologically according to the date of their entry in force:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

• 1 the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs
• 2 the Convention on psychotropic substances
• 3 the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea
• 4 the UN Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances
• 5 the Convention on the Rights of the Child

Arrange the following legal acts chronologically:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

• 1 The Norman conquest
• 2 The legal reforms of King Henry II
• 3 Magna Carta
• 4 The Habeas Corpus Act
• 5 The Bill of Rights

Arrange the milestone documents chronologically:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

• 1 The Bill of Rights (UK)
• 2 The US Declaration of Independence
• 3 The Universal Declaration on Human Rights
• 4 The Russian Federation Constitution

Ben, who is 19 years old, applies for a job as a clerk in a goods store. The store manager is impressed with Ben's speaking skills and says that he would like to hire him, subject to reference checks. Later, the manager calls Ben and says that he will not be hired. On checking his references with a former employer, the manager found out that Ben was convicted of careless driving. Has the store manager violated Ben's human rights by refusing to hire him?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Yes, the manager has violated Ben's human rights. Discrimination in hiring based on having a record of ground is prohibited
• No, the manager didn’t violate Ben’s human rights as Ben’s offence is related to the job duties he would have to do
• No, the manager didn’t violate Ben’s human rights as it’s up to the manager to decide who should be hired and who should not

By the late Middle Ages civil and canon laws were taught at most universities and formed the basis of a shared body of … thought common to most of Europe

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• legal
• canon
• administrative

Civil Rights Defenders was established in …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• 1982
• 1950
• 1962

Common-law legal systems place great value on deciding cases according to consistent principled rules, so that similar facts will yield similar and predictable outcomes, and observance of precedent is the mechanism by which that goal is attained. What is the guiding principle of Common-law legal systems? What is the idea behind?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• The principle of mens rea (lat.) is the mental element of a person's intention to commit a crime; or knowledge that one's action or lack of action would cause a crime to be committed. It is a necessary element of many crimes
• The principle of stare decisis means that a court should apply previous court decisions to similar future cases
• The objective element of a crime, is the Latin term for the "guilty act" which, when proved beyond a reasonable doubt

Drug … is a global illicit trade involving the cultivation, manufacture, distribution and sale of substances which are subject to drug prohibition laws

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Drug-related crimes consist of crimes to possess, …, or distribute drugs classified as having a potential for abuse

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Efforts in the 19th century to prohibit the … and to limit the horrors of war are prime examples to establish human rights

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• slave trade
• poverty
• social injustice

English philosophers Thomas Hobbes and John Locke in the 17th century and the French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau in the 18th contributed to the theory of … contract

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Executive branch is represented by the … in Russia

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Queen
• President
• Vice-President

For the first time in history, the issue of the protection of the minorities was raised by …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• League of Nations
• United Nations
• Amnesty International

Human Rights are …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• basic rights and freedoms accorded to all people
• a way in which the communities can control people
• concepts which leaders aspire to as they create laws

Human Rights Without … (HRWF) is an international non-profit organization that promotes respect for human rights around the globe and advocates for democracy, the rule of law and social justice

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

If a dealer from Austria sells drugs to a buyer from the USA, it is called drug …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• robbery
• trafficking
• smuggling

Imagine that in 2024 you will be president of your country. What branch will you represent? What will be your powers?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• The head of the executive branch. I would sign bills into law, veto bills from becoming laws, negotiate treaties with foreign countries, enforce the courts’ decisions
• The head of the executive branch. I would sign bills into law, hear civil cases, negotiate treaties with foreign countries, enforce the courts’ decisions
• The head of the executive branch. I would interpret state laws, veto bills from becoming laws, negotiate treaties with foreign countries, settle legal disputes

In certain cases, drug use can be connected to crimes that only relate to drugs in an … way

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• direct
• indirect
• general

In US law, a … is a crime punishable by a term of imprisonment of not less than one year or by the death penalty

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

It is not correct that … factors are contributing to the difficulty in measuring drug-crime relationships

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• cultural
• personal
• economic
• political
• psychological

It is not correct that laws can come from such sources as …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• constitutions
• statutes
• regulations
• police officers

Many countries are affected by … addiction today

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• virus drug
• virus alcohol
• junk food

Match the given countries to the corresponding law systems:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. Italy
• B. England
• C. Nigeria
• D. Civil Law
• E. Religious Law
• F. Customary Law

Match the words with the definitions:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. Amend
• B. Assembly
• C. Democracy
• D. Convention
• E. to add to or to change (a proposal or law)
• F. a large meeting for a special purpose
• G. the system of government in which citizens vote to choose leaders or to make other important decisions
• H. a group of people who make and change laws for a government or organization

Match the words with the definitions:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. Drug production
• B. Trafficking
• C. Drug addiction
• D. Possession
• E. the process of industrial-scale synthesis of pharmaceutical drugs as part of the pharmaceutical industry
• F. a global illicit trade involving the cultivation, manufacture, distribution and sale of substances which are subject to drug prohibition laws
• G. substance use disorder
• H. willful control of illegal substances

Match the words with their synonyms:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. Intoxication
• B. Felon
• C. Treatment
• D. Substance
• E. drunkenness
• F. drug offender
• G. therapy
• H. matter

Meghan is an interior designer. A supplier installs a gondola incorrectly and it breaks a month later. Who must fix the problem?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Meghan as her customer hired Meghan. It was not her supplier. Meghan must fix any problems. However, Meghan can ask her supplier for compensation or repairs
• Supplier who installed the unit, as it was his duty under the contract
• Shelving manufacturer must fix the problem

One of the most significant acts in the area of drug trafficking is the UN Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances concluded at … in 1988.

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Precedent is basically …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• the judge needs to follow another Judges decision
• if the cases are similar, the judgements should be similar
• difficult to understand

Religion and language are two examples of … conditions that influence international business

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• political and legal
• cultural and social
• geographic
• economic

Roman law generally recognized …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• a basic equity among all humans
• an inequality among all humans
• a basic equality among all humans

Rules of law that aspire to protect all people everywhere from severe political, legal, and social abuses are called human …

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Sources of law are the origins of laws, the binding rules that enable any state to govern its territory. The term "source of law" may sometimes refer to the sovereign or to the seat of power from which the law derives its validity. Do sources of law vary in legal systems? What is the hierarchy of the sources of law? What are the categories of these sources? Choose the correct answer.

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Sources of law vary in different legal systems. For instance, Russia is a civil law country. There are primary and secondary sources. They are: the Constitution, Federal constitutional laws, Federal laws, Decrees of the President
• Sources of law are the same in different legal systems. For instance, Russia is a civil law country. There are primary and secondary sources. They are: the Constitution, Federal constitutional laws, Federal laws, Decrees of the President
• Sources of law vary in different legal systems. For instance, Russia is a common law country. There are primary and secondary sources. They are: the Constitution, Federal constitutional laws, Federal laws, Decrees of the President

Stacy and several Black friends went to a café after school. They were having their lunch and laughing. Things started to change for the worse between their group and several White students sitting at another table. Food was thrown and the groups exchanged angry remarks. When the restaurant staff asked Stacy and her friends to leave the café, they felt angry and discriminated against. Did the café staff violate the group's human rights? Advise the café staff

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• The café staff violated the group’s human rights. If the students behaved in the same manner, the café staff should have asked both groups to leave the café. Otherwise, it is a racial discrimination that is defined as any discrimination against any individual on the basis of their skin color, or racial or ethnic origin
• The café staff didn’t violate the group’s human rights. It’s the café staff’s decision and they can choose who might stay in the café. So, it was right. No racial discrimination observed
• The café staff violated the group’s human rights. If the students behaved in the same manner, the café staff should have asked both groups to leave the café. Anyway, it is not a racial discrimination

Stacy and several of her friends play in a women's hockey league at the skate rink. Quite frequently, the male rink attendants don’t give them their full allotted ice time. The attendants make jokes on the women. Stacy thinks that their rights are violated. She has even complained but the manager has done nothing and supported men. Have the rink attendants violated the young women's human rights?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Yes, the rink attendants and manager have violated the young women's rights. It is discrimination based on gender or sex (ground). Every person has a right to equal treatment with respect to services, goods and facilities without discrimination because of ¼ sex
• No, the rink attendants and manager have not violated the young women's rights. They took part in so-called “man’s game”, so they should get accustomed to the above-mentioned behavior
• Yes, the rink attendants and manager have not violated the young women's rights. They took part in so-called “man’s game”, so they should get accustomed to the above-mentioned behavior

The … of the United States is the supreme law of the United States of America

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

The adoption of the Constitution was so important to Russia because …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• the Constitution became a manifesto of the new democratic Russia
• the Constitution created 5 legal bodies
• the Constitution established a list of functions for the workers

The basic law of the state, which describes the structures and processes of government and the fundamental rights of citizens in a higher law that cannot be unilaterally changed by an ordinary legislative act is called the …

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

The body of law created by judges and similar quasi-judicial tribunals by virtue of being stated in written opinions is … law

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

The Constitution is …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• the body of doctrines and practices that form the fundamental organizing principle of a political state
• a written or printed paper that gives information about or proof of something
• the restriction of the arbitrary exercise of power by subordinating it to well-defined and established laws

The constitution is the main legal act of the State. It lays down the formation of a system of society and establishes the state structure, the order and justification of the idea of representatives, executive and judicial authorities, the electoral system, the rights and obligations of the state, society and citizens. Can it be argued that any constitution is the constitution of a state or society exclusively?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• It can hardly be argued that any constitution is the constitution of an exclusively state or society. As the practice of the vast majority of countries shows, constitutions also determine the initial provisions that characterize a certain social system, property system, socio-economic and political relations, and the level of spiritual life of the country
• It can be argued that any constitution is the constitution of an exclusively state or society. As the practice of the vast majority of countries shows, constitutions do not determine the initial provisions that characterize a certain social system, property system, socio-economic and political relations, and the level of spiritual life of the country
• It can hardly be argued that any constitution is not the constitution of an exclusively state or society. As the practice of the vast majority of countries shows, constitutions do not determine the initial provisions that characterize a certain social system, property system, socio-economic and political relations, and the level of spiritual life of the country

The Constitution is the supreme law of the country. Imagine if you were asked to create you student groups’ Constitution. What would it contain?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• The preamble and amendments to protect the rights of the citizens. It will list the rights and freedoms of man and citizen such as freedom of walking, press, assembly, media freedom
• The preamble, articles, and amendments to protect the rights of the citizens. It will list the rights and freedoms of man and citizen such as freedom of speech, press, assembly, media freedom
• The preamble, articles, and amendments to protect the rights of the citizens. It will list the rights and freedoms of man and citizen such as freedom of playing video games, press, assembly, media freedom

The Constitution of the Russian Federation was adopted in …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• 1993
• 1992
• 1991

The defendant decided to kill his sister. He bought a knife and a bottle of strong alcohol which he drank to give himself “Dutch Courage”. Then he killed his sister. He subsequently claimed that he was so drunk that he did not know what he was doing, or possibly even that the drink had brought on a latent psychopathic state so that he was insane at the time of the killing. What was the Court’s decision?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• The Court held that intoxication could not be a defence in either case as the intent had not been clearly formed, albeit after the killing took place
• The Court held that intoxication could not be a defence in either case as the intent had been clearly formed, albeit before the killing took place
• The Court held that intoxication could be a defence in either case even if the intent had been clearly formed

The defendant had voluntarily consumed drugs to calm his nerves. Under the influence of the drugs, he had started shooting in the cottage in which he had been living, but claimed to have been unable to remember anything after taking the drugs. The defendant was convicted of causing criminal damage being reckless as to whether life would be endangered, following the trial judge’s direction to the jury that self-induced intoxication was not available by way of defence to a basic intent crime. The defendant appealed. What is the Court’s decision?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• The conviction was quashed on appeal on the grounds that he could not be expected to anticipate that drugs would have that effect upon him
• The conviction was not quashed on appeal on the grounds that he could have expected that dangerous drugs would have that effect upon him
• The conviction was quashed on appeal on the grounds that he could be expected to anticipate that drugs would have that effect upon him

The first English Bill of Rights was established in …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• 1669
• 1679
• 1689
• 1699

The first international treaty to control substances was adopted at the Brussels Conference in … in the context of the regulations against slave trade

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

The following types of constitutions are distinguished: …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• oral and written
• written and unwritten
• new and old

The idea of human rights emerged stronger after the … World War

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

The Romans conceived of the all-encompassing … law of nature as the eternal framework to which constitutions, laws, and policies should conform – the constitution of the universe

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Rational
• Irrational
• Generalized

The roots of rights and freedoms lie …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• in the written and oral traditions of many cultures
• in the Acts
• only in the oral traditions

The rule of … is the political philosophy that all citizens and institutions within a country, state, or community are accountable to

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• law
• doctrine
• order
• sphere

The State Duma carries the main responsibility for … federal laws

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• passing
• creating
• establishing

The Stoics argued, all humans are endowed by nature with a spark of … by means of which they can perceive a universal natural law that governs all the world and can bring their behaviour into harmony with it

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• reason
• wisdom
• fortune
• justice

The term “law” denotes the body of rules and regulations that is the product of the … process

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

The theoretical foundations of modern … were laid down in the great works on the social contract

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

The United Nations (UN) defines discrimination as behavior that includes any distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference based on … (choose 2 correct answers)

Тип ответа: Множественный выбор • с выбором нескольких правильных ответов из предложенных вариантов

• colour
• salary
• character
• language

The Universal … of Human Rights is the most universal human rights document in existence, delineating the thirty fundamental rights that form the basis for a democratic society

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

The word “constitution” in Latin means …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• democracy
• organization
• structure

There is a complex interconnection among drugs, alcohol, violence, and … behavior

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Under “biography” is meant each region of distribution of narcotic drugs has its own …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• drug dealers
• police trafficking organizations
• specific development

Under the influence of Roman law, medieval scholars of Catholic church law, or canon law, …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• compiled existing religious legal sources into their own comprehensive system of law and governance for the Church
• invented new religious legal sources and made their own comprehensive system of law and governance for the Church
• compiled parts of the Bible into their own comprehensive system of law and governance for the Church