Основная часть горючих сланцев в России сосредоточена в Сибири в месторождении, которое называется баженовской свитой. В баженовской свите содержится как традиционная легкая нефть, так и кероген (т.н. тяжелая нефть). Образцы баженовской формации отличаются высоким содержанием компелексносвязанного с керогеном пирита, который может послужить прекурсором катализаторов для разложения керогена внутри пласта [1]. Метод внутрипластового горения (ВПГ) хорошо подходит для добычи нетрадиционных горючих сланцев. Применение технологии ВПГ позволяет заметно сократить расходы на добычу нефти. Так же метод ВПГ является более экологичным по сравнению с другими методами (например: методом гидроразрыва пласта) [2 - 6]. Развитие технологии ВПГ является актуальной задачей в настоящее время [2 - 4,7] требующей продолжения исследований в этой области различными физико-химическими методами [6 - 8].
Введение...................................................................................................................3 Глава 1 Свойства керогена и продуктов его разложения................................5 1.1. Кероген баженовской свиты.............................................................................5 1.1.1.Баженовская свита...........................................................................................5 1.1.2. Кероген............................................................................................................6 1.2. Методы добычи горючих сланцев....................................................................6 1.2.1. Преимущества метода ВПГ...........................................................................6 1.2.2. Применение ВПГ............................................................................................8 1.2.3. Развитие технологии ВПГ..............................................................................9 1.2.4. Метод ВПГ с закачкой воздуха и продвижения фронта горения от «носка» к «пятке» (In-situ toe-to-heel air injection)..............................................................10 1.2.5. Горизонтальная добывающая скважина с раздельным горением (Combustion override split production horizontal well)............................................11 1.2.6. Гравитационный дренаж с горением (Combustion assisted gravity drainage)..................................................................................................................13 Глава 2 Мессбауэровское исследование продуктов разложения керогенов и сопутствующих неоргонических соединений железа......................................14 Глава 3 Методы исследования и исследованные образцы............................30 3.1. Техника эксперимента.....................................................................................30 3.2. Исследованные продукты разложения керогена баженовской формации...30 Глава 4 Мессбауэровское и рентгеноструктурные исследования продуктов разложения керогена баженовской формации................................................32 4.1. Рентгеноструктурное исследование продуктов разложения керогена баженовской формации..........................................................................................32 4.2. Мессбауэровское исследование продуктов разложения керогена баженовской формации..........................................................................................35 Результаты и выводы..........................................................................................46 Заключение...........................................................................................................48 Благодарности........................................................................................................49 Публикации............................................................................................................50 Список использованной литературы.....................................................................51
Иванова, А. Г. Мёссбауэровское исследование продуктов термо- каталитического воздействия на керогеносодержащую породу [Текст]/ А. Г. Иванова, А. В. Вахин, Е. В. Воронина, А. В. Пятаев, Д. К. Нургалиев, С. А. Ситнов // Известия РАН. Серия физическая. – 2017. – Т. 81. – № 7. – C. 903– 907. 2. Yao, J. Application of In-situ combustion for heavy oil production in China: A Review [Текст]/ J. Yao, G. Li, J. Wu// J. Oil Gas Petrochem Sci. – 2018. – I. 3. –P. 69-72. 3. Cinar, M. Combustion kinetics of heavy oils in porous media [Текст] / M. Cinar, L.M. Castanier, A.R. Kovscek // Energy Fuels. – 2011. – V. 25. – I. 10. – P. 4438– 4451. 4. Ambalae, A. Thermogravimetric studies on pyrolysis and combustion behavior of a heavy oil and its asphaltenes [Текст] / A. Ambalae, N. Mahinpey, N. Freitag // Energy Fuels. – 2006. – V. 20. – I. 2. – P. 560–565. 5. Parker HW. In situ combustion method / – United States patent office. – 1962. – May. 6. Chapiroa G. Combustion enhance recovery of shale gas [Текст] / G. Chapiroa, J. Bruining // Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering. – 2015. –V. 127. – P. 179-189. 7. Bauman, J. H. Simulation of a Conceptualized Combined Pyrolysis, In Situ Combustion, and CO2 Storage Strategy for Fuel Production from Green River Oil Shale [Текст] / J.H. Bauman, M. Deo // Energy and Fuels. – 2012. – V. 26. – I. 3. – P.1731-1739. 8. Kar, T. In-situ kerogen extraction via combustion and pyrolysis [Текст] / T. Kar, B. Hascakir // Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering. – 2017. – V. 154. – P. 502-512.
52
9. Dayal, H.S. Simulation of In-Situ Combustion Process in Balol Pilot [Текст]: SPE Oil and Gas India Conference and Exhibition / H.S. Dayal, B.V.Bhushan, S.Mitra et. al.// –Mumbai, India. – 2012. – 28-30 March. 10. Xu, Q. Chemical-structural properties of the coke produced by low temperature oxidation reactions during crude oil in-situ combustion [Текст] / Q. Xu, Z. Liu, H. Jiang, Q. Zhang, C. Zan, L. Shi // Fuel. –2017. –V. 207. – P. 179-188. 11. Kuzina, D.M. Change in magnetic properties of reservoir rocks during in-situ combustion of crude [Текст] / D.M. Kuzina, D.K. Nurgaliev, V.P. Morozov, A.A. Eskin, E.V.Utemov // Chemistry and Technology of Fuels and Oils. – 2015. – V. 51. – I. 1. – P. 127-132. 12. Diyashev, R.N. Surface Control on Thermal Front Movement in Fireflooding Process [Текст] /R.N. Diyashev, R.G. Galeev,V.F. Kondrashkin, E.K. Shvydkin // Society of Petroleum Engineers. – 1993. – P. 343-357. 13. Akhmatnabieva, L. B Transformation of mineral pirite of Bazhenov shale during oxidation and pyrolysis [Текст] / L. B. Akhmatnabieva, A. V. Vakhin, Y. V. Onishchenko, A. V. Pyataev, E. V. Voronina // International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference: Surveying Geology & mining Ecology Management. – 2017. – V. 1. – P. 627-634. 14. Kayukova, G.P. Conversion of the Organic Matter of Domanic Shale and Permian bituminous Rocks in Hydrothermal Catalytic processes [Текст] / G.P. Kayukova, A.M. Mikhailova, D. A. Feoktistov, V.P. Morozov, A.V. Vakhin // Еnergy and Fuels. – 2017. – V. 31. – I. 8. 15. Башкиров, Ш. Ш. Магнитная микроструктура ферритов [Текст]: учеб. пособие для вузов / Ш. Ш. Башкиров, Л. Б. Либерман, В. И. Синявский; под ред. С.А. Альтшулера. – Казань: Изд-во КФУ, 1978. – 180 с. 16. Крупичка, С. Физика ферритов и родственных им магнитных окислов [Текст]: монография / С. Крупичка. – Москва: Изд-во Мир, 1973. – 353 с. 17. Фабричный, П.Б. Мессбауэровская спектроскопия и его применение для химической диагностики неорганических материалов [Текст]: учеб. пособие
53
для студентов старших курсов и аспирантов / П.Б. Фабричный, К.В. Похолок. М: – Из-во МГУ, 2012. – 142 с. 18. Ulmishek, G. F. Petroleum Geology and Resources of the West Siberian Basin, Russia / G. F. Ulmishek. – U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin, 2003. – P. 53. 19. Gavshin, V. M. Geochemistry of the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous Bazhenov Formation [Текст] / V. M Gavshin, V. A. Zakharov // West Siberia Economic Geology. –1996. – V. 91. – №1 – P.122–133. 20. Kokorev, V.I. The Impact of Thermogas Technologies on the Bazhenov Formation Studies Results [Текст] / V.I. Kokorev, V.I. Darischev, I.A. Ahmadeyshin, K.A. Schekoldin, A.A. Bokserman // Society of Petroleum Engineers. – 2013. 21. Lopatin, N.V. Unconventional Oil Accumulations in the Upper Jurassic Bazhenov Black Shale Formation, West Siberioan Basin: A Self-sourced Reservoir System [Текст] / N.V. Lopatin, S.L. Zubairaev, I.M. Kos, T.P. Emets, E.A. Romanov, O.V. Malchikhina // Journal of Petroleum Geology. –2003. – V/ 26 (2). – P. 225–244. 22. Guy, C. Russia gears up for shale boom [Текст] // The Financial Times. – 2013. – March 31. 23. Sechin, I. New age of oil Archived [Текст] // Wayback Machine, Rosneft. – 2013. 24. Rodova, N., Will Russia replicate US success in tight oil development? [Текст] // Platts. - 2012. - 23 August. 25. Technically Recoverable Shale Oil and Shale Gas Resources: An Assessment of 137 Shale Formations in 41 Countries Outside the United States [Текст] // U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA). – 2013. – June. – 730 p. 26. Vandenbroucke, M. Kerogen origin, evolution and structure [Текст] / M. Vandenbroucke, C. Largeau // Organic Geochemistry. – 2007. – № 38. – P. 719– 833. 27. Cinar, Y. Effect of IFT variation and wettability on three-phase relative permeability [Текст] / Y. Cinar, S. Marquez , F. M. Orr // SPE Reservoir Evaluation & Engineering. – 2007. – V. 10. – I. 03. –P. 211– 220. 28. Bazargan, M. A Combined experimental and simulation workflow to improve predictability of in situ combustion [Текст]: Society of Petroleum Engineers / M.
54
Bazargan , B. Chen , M. Cinar , et al.// SPE Western North American Region Meeting. – 2011. – 7-11 May. 29. Gutierrez, D. The ABCs of in-situ combustion simulations: from laboratory experiments to field scale [Текст] / D. Gutierrez, R.G. Moore, M.G. Ursenbach, S.A. Mehta // Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology. – 2012. – V. 51. – I. 04. – P. 56–267. 30. Prats, M. A. Current appraisal of thermal recovery [Текст] / Journal of Petroleum Technology. – 1978. – V. 30. – I. 08. – P. 1129-1136. 31. Ramey, H.J. In Situ Combustion [Текст] / 8th World Petroleum Congress. – 1971. 32. Zhao, R. An experimental investigation of the in-situ combustion behavior of Karamay crude oil [Текст]/ R. Zhao, Y. Chen, R. Huan, L.M. Castanier, A.R. Kovscek // Journal Petroleum Science and Engineering. –2015. – V. 127. – P. 82–92. 33. Rahnema, H. Combustion assisted gravity drainage–Experimental and simulation results of a promising in-situ combustion technology to recover extra-heavy oil [Текст] / H. Rahnema , M. Barrufet , D.D. Mamora // Journal Petroleum Science and Engineering. – 2017. – V. 154. – P. 513–520. 34. Green, D.W. Enhanced Oil Recovery [Текст] / D.W. Green, P. Willhite – Richardson, Texas, 1998. – 553 p. 35. Thomas, S. Enhanced oil recovery-an overview [Текст] / Oil and Gas Science and Technology-Rev IFP. – 2008. – V. 63. – № 1. – P. 9–19. 36. Schmitt, DR. Seismic attributes for monitoring of a shallow heated heavy oil reservoir: A case study [Текст] / Geophysics. 1999. – V. 64. – №2. – P. 368–377. 37. Vedanti, N. Seismic inversion tracks in situ combustion: A case study from Balol oil field, India [Текст] / N. Vedanti, M.K. Sen // Geophysics. – 2009. – V. 74. – № 4. – P. 103–112. 38. Zhong, F. Thermal cracking and heat sink capacity of aviation kerosene under supercritical conditions / F. Zhong, X. Fan, G. Yu, J. Li, C. Sung // Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer. – 2011. – V. 25. – I. 3. – P. 450-456.
55
39. Moore, R. G. In situ combustion in Canadian heavy oil reservoirs [Текст] / R. G. Moore, C. J. Laureshen, J. D. Belgrave, M. G. Ursenbach, S. R. Mehta // Fuel. – 1995. – V. 74. – I. 8. – P. 1169–1175. 40. Coates, R. Experimental and numerical simulations of a novel top down in-situ combustion process [Текст] / R. Coates, S. Lorimer, J. Ivory // –SPE International Heavy Oil Symposium. Society of Petroleum Engineers. – 1995. 41. Greaves, M. Upgrading athabasca tar sand using toe-to-heel air injection / – International conference on horizontal well technology. Society of Petroleum Engineers. – 2000. 42. Greaves, M. Underground upgrading of heavy oil using THAI-’toe-to-heel air injection’/ M. Greaves, T. X. Xia, C. Ayasse // – SPE International Thermal Operations and Heavy Oil Symposium. Society of Petroleum Engineers. – 2005. 43. Xia, T. X. Upgrading Athabasca tar sand using toe-to-heel air injection [Текст] / T. X. Xia, M. Greaves // Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology. – 2002. – V. 41. – I. 08. – P. 51-57. 44. Rabiu, A. M. Dynamic simulation of the toe-to-heel air injection heavy oil recovery process [Текст] / A. M. Rabiu, M. Greaves, S. P. Rigby // Energy Fuels. – 2017. – V. 31. – № 02. – P. 1276– 1284. 45. Ado, M. R. Effect of pre-ignition heating cycle method, air injection flux, and reservoir viscosity on the THAI heavy oil recovery process [Текст] / M. R. Ado, M. Greaves, S. P. Rigby // Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering. – 2018. – V. 166. – P. 94–103. 46. Lau, E. C. Attractive control features of the Combustion Override Split-Production Horizontal Well process in a heavy oil reservoir / E. C. Lau, K. E. Kisman // – Annual Technical Meeting. Petroleum Society of Canada. 1994. 47. Shen, C. Limitations and potentials of in-situ combustion processes for heavy oil reservoirs / – In: Canadian International Petroleum Conference. Petroleum Society of Canada. 2002. 48. Rahnema, H. Combustion Assisted Gravity Drainage (CAGD) Appears Promising / H. Rahnema, D. D. Mamora // – Society of Petroleum Engineers. 2010.
56
49. Liang, J. Propagation and control of fire front in the combustion assisted gravity drainage using horizontal wells [Текст] / J. Liang, W. Guan, Y. Jiang, C. Xi, B. Wang, X. Li // Petroleum Exploration and Development. – 2012. – V. 39. – I. 6. – P. 64–772. 50. Heidary, S. Feasibility study on application of the recent enhanced heavy oil recovery methods (VAPEX, SAGD, CAGD and THAI) in an Iranian heavy oil reservoir [Текст] / S. Heidary, A. A. Dehghan, S. Mahdavi // Petroleum Science and Technology. – 2017. – V. 35. – I.21. – P. 2059–2065. 51. 60. Herber R.H. Lattice dynamics and hyperfine interactions of layer compounds from Fe mossbauer spectroscopy: FeOCl [Текст] / Herber R.H., Maeda Y. // Physica B+C. –1980 –Т. 99. –№ 1–4. –С.352-356. 52. 61. Bandyopadhyay D. Study of kinetics of iron minerals in coal by 57 Fe Mössbauer and FT-IR spectroscopy during natural burning [Текст] / Bandyopadhyay D. // Hyperfine interactions. – 2006. – Т. 163. – №. 1. – С. 167-176. 53. Sontheimer, F. Spin relaxation in Fe(NO3)3 AND Fe(ClO4), frozen solutions and in Fe(ClO4)3 crystal hydrates [Текст] / F. Sontheimer, D. Nagy, I. Dezsi, T. Lohner, G. Ritter, D. Seyboth, H. Wegener // Journal de Physique Colloques. – 1974, – V. 35, – P. 443-448. 54. Temperley, A. A. The mossbauer effect in marcasite structure iron compounds [Текст] / A. A. Temperley, H. W. Lefevre // J. Phys. Chem. Solids. – 1966. – V.27. – P. 85-92. 55. Hafneb, S. The Mössbauer resonance of Fe57 in troilite (FeS) and pyrrhotite (Fe0,88S) [Текст] / S. Hafneb, M. Kalvius // Zeitschrift für Kristallographie. – 1966. с V. 123. – P.443-458. 56. Вонсовский, С.В. Магнетизм магнитные свойства диа-, пара-, ферро-, антиферро-, ферримагнетиков [Текст]: монография / С.В. Вонсовский. Москва: из-во Наука, 1971. – 1032 с. 57. Neto, K. S. Magnetic proporties of FeOHSO4. Mossbauer spectroscopy / K.S. Neto, L. C. M. Miranda // Solid State Conmiunications. – 1978. – V. 28. – P. 43-48.
57
58. Kashif, I. Mossbauer Spectroscopy of Kerogen Isolated from Miocene Petroleum Source Rocks of Three Fields in the Area of Suez Gulf, Egypt / I. Kashif, M. A. Ahmed, E. A. Abdelgawad // Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects. – 2007. – V. 29. – P. 1361-1370. 59. Melchior, D. C. Mksbauer investigation of the transformations of the iron minerals in oil shale during retorting / D. C. Melchior, T. R. Wildeman and D. L. Williamson // FUEL. –1982. – V. 61. – P. 516-522. 60. Aboulkas, A. Effects of acid treatments on Moroccan Tarfaya oil shale and pyrolysis of oil shale and their kerogen / A. Aboulkas, K. El Harfi, // Journal of Fuel Chemistry and Technology. – 2009. – V. 37. – I. 6. –P. 659-667.