💯 Английский язык в профессиональной деятельности.ои(dor_БАК(1/2)_221201_ПИвЭ, Б-И, МОиАИС) (2/3) (ответы на тест Синергия / МОИ / МТИ / МосАП, апрель 2024)

Иностранный язык в профессиональной деятельности > Английский язык в профессиональной деятельности

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Английский язык в профессиональной деятельности.ои(dor_БАК(1/2)_221201_ПИвЭ, Б-И, МОиАИС) (2/3)

1. Тема 3. Development of microelectronics (Развитие микроэлектроники)
2. Тема 4. What is an operating system (Что такое операционная система)

… created the first operating system for the IBM 701

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• MIT
• Apple
• Samsung
• General Motors

… integrated circuits are the name for the initial generations of commercially produced microelectronic devices (SSI)

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

… was developed by Bell Labs and was the first significant operating system to be written almost entirely in high-level language

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Unix
• Linux
• Multics
• Windows 95

“Molecular …” is a term for data storage technologies that use molecular species as the data storage element, rather than e.g. circuits, magnetics, inorganic materials or physical shapes

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

A user cannot send direct instructions to the hardware … various activities

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• execute
• executes
• to execute
• to be executed

Arrange the stages in the history of transistors in chronological order:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

• 1 manufacture of field-effect transistors
• 2 use of vacuum tubes
• 3 creating a bipolar transistor

Because of the expense, the system’s productivity had to be increased … cost effectiveness

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• assure
• assures
• to assure
• to be assured

Bell Telephone Laboratories’ John Bardeen, Walter H. Brattain, and William Shockley devised the … transistor in 1948

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Bell Telephone Laboratories’ John Bardeen, Walter H. Brattain, and William Shockley devised the bipolar transistor in …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• 1935
• 1948
• 1964
• 1992

Below is a description of one of the technologies: “It is a subfield of electronics. These devices are typically made from semiconductor materials. These include transistors, capacitors, inductors, resistors, diodes and (naturally) insulators and conductors. As a result, this kind of IT has the potential to lower skill requirements in some vocations while raising them in others. It has influenced our daily lives in a variety of ways, making our routines a little more pleasant”. Which technology is described in the text?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• This is a description of photonics, which are an application of light generation, detection, and manipulation through emission, transmission, modulation, signal processing, switching, amplification, and sensing
• This is a description of nanoelectronics, because it refers to the use of nanotechnology in electronic components. It is a set of devices and materials, with the common characteristic that they are so small that inter-atomic interactions and quantum mechanical properties need to be studied extensively
• This is a description of microelectronics, because as the name suggests, microelectronics relate, to the study and manufacture (or microfabrication) of very small electronic designs and components

Charge carriers from both polarities are involved in the operation of … transistors

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Identify the sequence of generations of computers (by their description):

Тип ответа: Сортировка

• 1 computers were mostly utilized for scientific and technical calculations, with FORTRAN and assembly code being the most used programming languages
• 2 the machines shared the same architecture and instruction set, programs created for one could be run on the other
• 3 huge machines capable of conducting numerical calculations
• 4 computers with Large Scale Integration Circuits (LSI) and silicon chips with thousands of transistors

Match the abbreviations and transcripts:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. MSI
• B. ALU
• C. SSI
• D. LSI
• E. medium-scale integrated circuits
• F. arithmetic and logic unit
• G. small-scale integrated circuits
• H. large-scale integrated circuit

Match the highlighted words with their meaning in the sentence:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. The primary goal of robotization is to raise the productivity of industrial processes and the quality of products
• B. Tomorrow, software applications may create real-world simulations so realistic that it will be difficult to tell whether people are looking at a computer monitor or out the window; however, such advancements will only be possible with significant performance improvements and low-cost computer technologies
• C. Multi-core processors also have the advantage of increasing performance without increasing power consumption, resulting in higher performance per watt
• D. The personal computer is the most recent example of human communication mediums
• E. asyndetic sentence
• F. object
• G. attribute
• H. attribute

Match the names of operating systems with their descriptions:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. Linux Fedora
• B. Ubuntu
• C. Solaris
• D. Free BSD
• E. it consists of software provided under a variety of open-source and free licenses
• F. it is available in three editions: Desktop, Server, and Core (for internet of things, devices and robots)
• G. it is also known for its web, database and Java-based services and its unlimited capacity for helping in managing file system and databases is a big plus as well
• H. it is a free UNIX based open-source software that is compatible with many platforms and boasts features such as speed and stability

Match the parts of one sentence:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. Bell Telephone Laboratories’ John Bardeen, Walter H. Brattain, and William Shockley…
• B. A second type of transistor was conceived…
• C. Small-scale integrated circuits are the name…
• D. Medium-scale integrated circuits have more than around 10 gates on a chip…
• E. …devised the bipolar transistor in 1948
• F. …about 25 years before bipolar transistors
• G. …given to the earliest generations of commercially produced microelectronic devices (SSI)
• H. …but fewer than approximately 200

Match the parts of one sentence:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. Today’s IT managers are faced with the task…
• B. Another area where microelectronics has excelled is…
• C. For the past 20 years, …
• D. Microelectronics has influenced our daily lives in a variety of ways, …
• E. …of providing more services to more users
• F. …in the field of robotics
• G. …the design of computer processors has remained stable
• H. …making our routines a little more pleasant

Medium-scale integrated circuits have more than around 10 … on a chip but fewer than approximately 200 (MSI)

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Microsoft Windows eventually surpassed Mac OS … the world’s most popular personal computer operating system, with over 90 % market share

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• become
• becomes
• to become
• to be become

Nanoelectronics is the most … breakthrough in technical development

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• perfect
• distant
• ancient
• recent

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “A more systematic structure (form) … with the creation of ambitious operating systems in the mid-1960s”

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “A UNIX based operating system, Solaris (originally develop) … by Sun Microsystems in the mid-’90s”

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “Huge machines capable of conducting numerical calculations (construct) … in the mid-1940s”

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “LibreOffice, Firefox, Thunderbird, Transmission, and lightweight games like Sudoku and chess (include) … by default, while GNOME Files is the default file manager”

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “The addition of support for Linux programs, which (reveal) … in 2018, was a big advance”

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “The transistor, which (introduce) … in the mid-1950s, made computers more reliable”

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “There was no such thing when the first computers (develop) … following WWII”

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “Wireless network connectivity (also manage) … by mobile operating systems”

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Prior to the transistor’s discovery in 1947, the only way to execute its function in an electronic circuit was to use a … tube

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

The …, which was introduced in the mid-1950s, made computers more reliable

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• photonics
• transistor
• microchip
• vacuum tube

The advent of ways for creating the numerous functional units on a crystal of semiconductor materials was critical to the development of …

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

The Apple Macintosh, a low-cost workstation that emerged from early Alto computer concepts, was released in …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• 1923
• 1956
• 1984
• 2001

The description of the generation of computers is down below: “Computers of this generation appeared, when IBM introduced the System/360, a line of software-compatible computers with varying levels of capability and price. Because the machines shared the same architecture and instruction set, programs created for one could be run on the other”. Which generation of computers is described in the text?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• This is a description of the first generation, which lasted from 1940s to 1950s, when word-oriented computers typically had a single accumulator and an extension, referred to as, e.g., Upper and Lower Accumulator, Accumulator and Multiplier-Quotient (MQ) register
• This is a description of the third generation, which lasted from 1965 to 1980s. These devices generally relied on early (sub-1000 transistor) integrated circuit technology. The third generation ends with the microprocessor-based fourth generation
• This is a description of the fourth generation, which has been lasting from 1970s to Present. he basis of the fourth generation is the microprocessor, a computer processor contained on a single large-scale integration (LSI) MOS integrated circuit chip

The development of integrated circuits and storage devices has continued at an exponential rate; each subsequent halving of component size now takes …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• one year
• five years
• two or three years
• four or six years

The early transistors were not only larger than the smallest tubes, but they were also more …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• expensive
• powerful
• low
• cheap

The introduction of microelectronic circuits did not, for the most part, modify the … of the basic functional units: transistors, resistors, capacitors, and other similar components were still used in microelectronic devices

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• list
• future
• number
• character

The introduction of time-sharing systems, in particular, has long been regarded as a watershed moment in the evolution of … systems

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• operating
• executing
• mediating
• monitoring

The last decade’s technological advancements have played a … part in the formation of modern society

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• poor
• small
• significant
• inconsiderable

The metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect …, which stands for MOSFET, is the most common in microelectronics

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

The transistor’s most significant advantage over the best vacuum tubes was that it consumed far …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• less power
• more power
• less voltage
• more voltage

The type of operating system that is not directly linked to the computer is the … operating system

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• batch
• distributed
• time-sharing
• multitasking

There are some of the potential benefits of distributed operating systems, for example … (choose 2 correct answers)

Тип ответа: Множественный выбор • с выбором нескольких правильных ответов из предложенных вариантов

• they minimize the load on the host computer
• they require a high level of expertise to maintain
• they allow a faster exchange of data among users
• if the primary network fails, the entire system shuts down