💯 Иностранный язык в профессиональной деятельности [Тема 1-6] (ответы на тесты Синергия / МОИ / МТИ / МосАП, сентябрь 2023)

Иностранный язык в профессиональной деятельности > Тест 1 / Тест 2 / Тест 3 / Тест 4 / Тест 5 / Тест 6 / Итоговый тест / Компетентностный тест

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Иностранный язык в профессиональной деятельности

• Введение в курс
• Тема 1. History of computers (История компьютеров)
• Тема 2. Information dependent society (Информационно-зависимое общество)
• Тема 3. Development of microelectronics (Развитие микроэлектроники)
• Тема 4. What is operating system (Что такое операционная система)
• Тема 5. The information management challenges (Проблемы управления информацией)
• Тема 6. Real time operating system (Операционная система в реальном времени)
• Заключение
• Итоговая аттестация

… AE has been ported to leading high-availability CompactPCI platforms such as the CPX8000 from Motorola Computer Group

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• VxWorks
• VRTX
• CHORUS
• OS-9

… are important because they promote inter-service interoperability, meaning exchanging and making use of information, and interoperability between various component systems within the same service

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Collecting information
• Making information available
• Legacy systems
• Standards

… are made for program logic and for computer memory

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Monitors
• Usb-ports
• Vacuum tubes
• Microchips

… by Microware System Corporation (USA) belongs to the class of UNIX-like systems and is a highly configurable high-performance real-time system

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

… created the first operating system for the IBM 701

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• MIT
• Apple
• Samsung
• General Motors

… integrated circuits are the name for the initial generations of commercially produced microelectronic devices (SSI)

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

… integration is giving way to very-large-scale integration (VLSI) and wafer-scale integration (WSI)

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

… is a bottleneck in most operating systems and usually creates significant problems for RTOS

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

… is a difficulty that develops when a solution that works for a small data set fails to function for a much larger data set due to a combinatorial explosion, such as in comparands

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

… is a person who creates the high-level design of a technical system

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Project manager
• System architect
• Enterprise architect
• Business systems analyst

… is a person who identifies and analyzes business problems, and generates system requirements

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Project manager
• System architect
• Enterprise architect
• Business systems analyst

… is an organized collection of data stored and accessed electronically

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

… is data that provides information about other data, but not the content of the data, such as the text of a message or the image itself

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

… is the person responsible for accomplishing all project objectives

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• System architect
• Project manager
• System designer
• Change manager

… is the property of a system to handle a growing amount of work by adding resources to the system

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

… is the unfair situation in society when some people have more opportunities, money, etc. than other people

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

… systems are computerized systems used in manufacturing to track and document the transformation of raw materials to finished goods

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

… technology was used in the first generation of computers

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Transistors
• Vacuum tubes
• Motherboards
• High-end microprocessor

… time is the time interval from the moment a physical interrupt occurs to the start of execution of the first instruction of the user task to which the interrupt is intended

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

… was developed by Bell Labs and was the first significant operating system to be written almost entirely in high-level language

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Unix
• Linux
• Multics
• Windows 95

… was used in the first generation of computers

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Machine language
• C++ language
• Punched cards
• Java language

…business is the sale of goods and services to consumers, in contrast to wholesaling, which is sale to business or institutional customers

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

“Molecular …” is a term for data storage technologies that use molecular species as the data storage element, rather than e.g. circuits, magnetics, inorganic materials or physical shapes

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

A … is a device that stores electrical energy in an electric field

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

A general-purpose computing device called the analytical engine was developed in 1837 by …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• James Powers
• Vannevar Bush
• Charles Babbage
• William Seward Burrough

A process of spreading the use of digital technology such as computers and the internet to do something is called …

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

A real-time operating system (RTOS) is an operating system (OS) for real-time applications that processes data and events that have critically defined time constraints Give a proper explanation of the predictability of RTOS.

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• RTOS must be able to adapt to downgrades/upgrades, or any modifications. Such provisions must be made during the design phase and installed in any RTOS
• RTOS must be able to execute actions within a specified time frame and produce excepted results. The targets, which get achieved, are set during the production phase or procedural planning
• Ultimately as with many other platforms, RTOS are designed to make the work easier. It does so by solving the problems provided, which therefore reduce the workload

A UNIX based operating system, was originally developed in the mid-’90s. Its major offerings include scalability, interoperability, data management and security, all of which are crucial for businesses that need high-end operating software. In addition to the above, it is also known for its web, database and Java-based services and its unlimited capacity for helping in managing file system and databases is a big plus as well. Which operating system is described:

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Solaris, which is known as Oracle Solaris since 2010 when Oracle acquired Sun Microsystems
• Ubuntu, built on the architecture and infrastructure of Debian
• Free BSD, developed in the University of California by a large community

A user cannot send direct instructions to the hardware … various activities

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• execute
• executes
• to execute
• to be executed

According to the … criterion highlighted by W. Martin, information acts as an important stimulant for changing the quality of life, «information consciousness» is formed and affirmed with wide access to information

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• social
• cultural
• economic
• technological

According to the … criterion highlighted by W. Martin, the main characteristics of the information society are information technology, which is widely used in production, institutions, the education system and in everyday life

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• social
• cultural
• economic
• technological

According to the … Institute, by 2055 unemployment will reach around 50 % of the total labor force (give or take 20 years depending on artificial intelligence growth)

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Oxford
• McKinsey
• Massachusetts
• Cambridge

According to the research company comScore Networks in 2019, the number of Internet users worldwide amounted to 747 million people. The United States has the largest audience of Internet users – 153.4 million people, that is, almost every second American regularly goes online. In second place is China – in China today 86.8 million Internet users. Russia still occupies 13th place in terms of the number of people connected to the Network – 12.7 million people. However, Africa with 800 million people accounts for only 1 % of the total number of its users in the world, with 90 % of them living in South Africa. Identify the type of information society problem in the above case study.

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• labor unemployment
• inequality of countries and regions
• insecurity of personal data

An information society is a society where the usage, creation, distribution, manipulation and integration of information is a significant activity. Which of the following statements is not true about the Information Society?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• The information society refers to the social, economic, technological, and cultural changes that have occurred as a result of the rapid development and extensive use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in modern countries, particularly since World War II
• According to Professor W. Martin attempted to formulate the main characteristics of the information society according to the Social and Technological criteria
• The information society has been formed decades ago, and therefore has been widely studied from different angles; experts have reached the consensus regarding the “Information Society” term

Arrange the computers in chronological order of their creation:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

• 1 abacus
• 2 Napier’s bones
• 3 Analytical Engine
• 4 ENIAC
• 5 UNIVAC

Arrange the computers in chronological order of their creation:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

• 1 Mark 1
• 2 Atanasoff-Berry Computer
• 3 Z1
• 4 abacus
• 5 EDVAC

Arrange the operating systems in chronological order of their release dates:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

• 1 Android OS
• 2 Linux
• 3 QNX

Arrange the stages in the history of transistors in chronological order:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

• 1 use of vacuum tubes
• 2 creating a bipolar transistor
• 3 manufacture of field-effect transistors

Arrange the stages of the development of the internet in chronological order:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

• 1 the first connection between Stanford and UCLA organisers, the emergence of ARPANET
• 2 creation of Ethernet – the first local communication
• 3 the first spam appeared; the first unsolicited email was sent, reaching 600 ARPANET users
• 4 Tim Berners-Lee creates the first web page aimed at explaining what the World Wide Web is

Arrange the stages of the development of the internet in chronological order:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

• 1 the first connection between Stanford and UCLA organisers, the emergence of ARPANET
• 2 TCP/IP is introduced as a mandatory protocol for all computers connected to the ARPANET
• 3 creation of the first Internet browser, Mosaic

Arrange the units of measurement of the data in ascending order:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

• 1 bit
• 2 byte
• 3 kilobyte
• 4 megabyte
• 5 gigabyte
• 6 terabyte

Because of the expense, the system’s productivity had to be increased … cost effectiveness

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• assure
• assures
• to assure
• to be assured

Bell Telephone Laboratories’ John Bardeen, Walter H. Brattain, and William Shockley devised the … transistor in 1948

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Bell Telephone Laboratories’ John Bardeen, Walter H. Brattain, and William Shockley devised the bipolar transistor in …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• 1935
• 1948
• 1964
• 1992

Below is a description of one of the technologies: “It is a subfield of electronics. These devices are typically made from semiconductor materials. These include transistors, capacitors, inductors, resistors, diodes and (naturally) insulators and conductors. As a result, this kind of IT has the potential to lower skill requirements in some vocations while raising them in others. It has influenced our daily lives in a variety of ways, making our routines a little more pleasant”. Which technology is described in the text?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• This is a description of photonics, which are an application of light generation, detection, and manipulation through emission, transmission, modulation, signal processing, switching, amplification, and sensing
• This is a description of nanoelectronics, because it refers to the use of nanotechnology in electronic components. It is a set of devices and materials, with the common characteristic that they are so small that inter-atomic interactions and quantum mechanical properties need to be studied extensively
• This is a description of microelectronics, because as the name suggests, microelectronics relate, to the study and manufacture (or microfabrication) of very small electronic designs and components

Burroughs converted to electronic desk … and in the mid to late 1970s their products dropped from the market

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• abacus
• memory
• calculators
• block note

Charge carriers from both polarities are involved in the operation of … transistors

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Data … is the process of combining data from multiple sources into a single system or in close proximity to one another, such as on a display, so that the user may access them from a single platform

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Data access can be difficult due to many problems. Which of the following situations describes the documentation problem?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• I need your information now or I won't be able to use it. The data transfer process is too slow, possibly unavailable. Because you have an older system, the migration process is too slow and inefficient. I must have immediate access to your data; otherwise your data will not help me
• The systems are not connected to the same network. Your data is too inconvenient to download. When the systems are not on the same network, downloading data can be too inconvenient. The widespread use of the World Wide Web has reduced the number of problems in this area, but separate networks will always exist
• Users are not aware of specific data sets because your metadata is not published. When metadata is not widely available, users may not even know what data sets they need

Duplication of effort, cost inefficiencies, lost business opportunities, medical catastrophes, and military disasters result from data access …

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Engineers still have problems … with the use of standards, and quite often with their misuse and misunderstanding

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• association
• associated
• associating
• associate

Establish a correspondence between data types and their description:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. “A”
• B. “B”
• C. “C”
• D. “D”
• E. stands for the data that component administrators are ready to give
• F. stands for what they are unwilling to disclose
• G. stands for what the common, integrated information system requires
• H. stands for what no one wants to see in the system

Four different data groupings are possible based on the four different …

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Harvard Mark I is …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• a punched wooden card
• a mechanical-digital computer
• a fully automatic computing machine
• an automatic sequence controlled calculator

Identify the sequence of generations of computers (by their description):

Тип ответа: Сортировка

• 1 huge machines capable of conducting numerical calculations
• 2 computers were mostly utilized for scientific and technical calculations, with FORTRAN and assembly code being the most used programming languages
• 3 the machines shared the same architecture and instruction set, programs created for one could be run on the other
• 4 computers with Large Scale Integration Circuits (LSI) and silicon chips with thousands of transistors

Identify the sequence of information management steps:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

• 1 the acquisition of information from one or more sources
• 2 the custodianship and the distribution of that information to those who need
• 3 ultimate disposal of information through archiving or deletion

If you have an old system, the running process will be too … and inefficient

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• fast
• slow
• clear
• unpredictable

In 1936, Alan Turing invented a universal machine, which was later called …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• the Colossus
• the Turing machine
• the Differential Analyzer
• the Manchester Small-Scale Experimental Machine

In 1944 Howard Aiken developed … l that could perform calculations involving large numbers

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

In the 1960s and 1970s, microcomputers and minicomputers became available to businesses and individuals. Thanks to what technology did it become possible?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• This was made possible by the creation of integrated circuit
• This was made possible by the creation of macro chips
• This was made possible by the creation of 4-bit processor
• This was made possible by the creation of UNIVAC

Information … must be viewed from two perspectives: as an independent industry, with its science, engineering, and manufacturing capabilities and as a basis for transformation of almost all areas of human activity

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Inheritance … that a thread that blocks a resource inherits the priority of the thread it blocks

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• means
• mean
• ment
• is meaning

It … be noted that the problem of inequality in access to new information technologies is acute not only at the international level, but also at the micro level within each individual state

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• must
• have to
• has to
• should

It is important to ensure that the … data is accurate and relevant

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• collecting
• is collecting
• collected
• collection

It is necessary to establish information-sharing procedures that are basic and straightforward to use in order to ensure that … is accessed

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Joint organizations use standards on multiple levels – international, … and industry

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Making information accessible is a challenge that frequently causes problems for …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• schools
• children
• workers
• businesses

Martin Timmerman formulated the necessary requirements for an RTOS. Two of them are about priorities. Why the combination of priorities is necessary?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• The RTS software is a fixed set of pre-developed modules, and the choice of a program for execution is carried out by interrupts (based on the current state of the object) or in accordance with the scheduled work schedule
• It is the opposite of “necessary”, as the combination of thread priorities can lead to problems such as priority inversion and deadlock
• RTOS needs to share resources. There are a lot of real-time process and system resources for their operation must be available in advance

Match computers to their characteristics:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. IBM
• B. Apple
• C. Mark 1
• D. ENIAC
• E. manufactured an easy-to-use computer with keyboard and mouse
• F. stands for International Business Machine
• G. the first computer
• H. stands Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator

Match machines to their characteristics:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. Jacquard Loom
• B. Analytical Engine
• C. Z3
• D. Harvard Mark I
• E. punched wooden cards
• F. mechanical-digital computer
• G. fully automatic computing machine
• H. automatic sequence controlled calculator

Match the abbreviations and transcripts:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. MSI
• B. ALU
• C. SSI
• D. LSI
• E. medium-scale integrated circuits
• F. arithmetic and logic unit
• G. small-scale integrated circuits
• H. large-scale integrated circuit

Match the components of QNX with their characteristics:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. Microkernel
• B. Process manager
• C. Device manager
• D. Network manager
• E. it is protected by several layers of protection
• F. responsible for creating and deleting processes, memory management, timers and coprocessor emulation, and diagnostics
• G. a type of system process that keeps specific hardware running smoothly
• H. a bottleneck in most operating systems and usually creates significant problems for RTOS

Match the concepts with their characteristics:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. The interrupt latency
• B. Task response time
• C. Context switch time
• D. Scheduling latency
• E. the time interval from an event on an object to the execution of the first instruction in the program for processing this event
• F. the time interval from the moment a physical interrupt occurs to the start of execution of the first instruction of the user task to which the interrupt is intended
• G. the time interval from the end of the execution of the last instruction of one process (thread) to the start of the execution of the first instruction of the next process (thread)
• H. the time interval from the end of the execution of the last user interrupt handler instruction to the execution of the first instruction of the process that entered the state due to this interrupt

Match the highlighted words with their meaning in the sentence:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. The primary goal of robotization is to raise the productivity of industrial processes and the quality of products
• B. Tomorrow, software applications may create real-world simulations so realistic that it will be difficult to tell whether people are looking at a computer monitor or out the window; however, such advancements will only be possible with significant performance improvements and low-cost computer technologies
• C. Multi-core processors also have the advantage of increasing performance without increasing power consumption, resulting in higher performance per watt
• D. attribute
• E. asyndetic sentence
• F. object

Match the main characteristics of the information society according to the following criteria by W. Martin:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. Technological
• B. Social
• C. Economic
• D. Political
• E. Cultural
• F. the key factor is information technologies, which are widely used in production, institutions, the education system and in everyday life
• G. information acts as an important stimulant for changing the quality of life, “information consciousness” is formed and affirmed with wide access to information
• H. information is a key factor in the economy as a resource, service, product, source of value added and employment
• I. freedom of information leading to a political process characterized by growing participation and consensus among different classes and social strata of the population
• J. recognition of the cultural value of information by promoting the assertion of information values in the interests of the development of the individual and society as a whole

Match the names of operating systems with their descriptions:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. Linux Fedora
• B. Ubuntu
• C. Solaris
• D. Free BSD
• E. it consists of software provided under a variety of open-source and free licenses
• F. it is available in three editions: Desktop, Server, and Core (for internet of things, devices and robots)
• G. it is also known for its web, database and Java-based services and its unlimited capacity for helping in managing file system and databases is a big plus as well
• H. it is a free UNIX based open-source software that is compatible with many platforms and boasts features such as speed and stability

Match the notions with the situations that describe them:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. Documentation
• B. Proprietary
• C. Data-model mismatch
• D. Security
• E. Users are not aware of specific data sets because your metadata is not published. When metadata is not widely available, users may not even know which data sets they need
• F. My unclassified data describe company secrets
• G. I have an object-oriented database and my database is relational
• H. I am not cleared to see your data

Match the operating systems and their characteristics:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. QNX RTOS
• B. ОСРВ VxWorks
• C. ОСРВ OS-9
• D. it supports scheduling up to 300 processes with 32 priority levels and 4 scheduling algorithms
• E. it supports unlimited number of tasks and has 256 levels of task priority
• F. support for Motorola, Intel 80386/486, Pentium, PowerPC series microprocessors

Match the operating systems and their release dates:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. Linux
• B. QNX
• C. Android OS
• D. initial public release was in 1991 (kernel)
• E. initial public release was in 1982
• F. initial public release was in 2008

Match the parts of one sentence:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. Bell Telephone Laboratories’ John Bardeen, Walter H. Brattain, and William Shockley…
• B. A second type of transistor was conceived…
• C. Small-scale integrated circuits are the name…
• D. Medium-scale integrated circuits have more than around 10 gates on a chip…
• E. …devised the bipolar transistor in 1948
• F. …about 25 years before bipolar transistors
• G. …given to the earliest generations of commercially produced microelectronic devices (SSI)
• H. …but fewer than approximately 200

Match the parts of one sentence:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. Today’s IT managers are faced with the task…
• B. Another area where microelectronics has excelled is…
• C. For the past 20 years, …
• D. Microelectronics has influenced our daily lives in a variety of ways, …
• E. …of providing more services to more users
• F. …in the field of robotics
• G. …the design of computer processors has remained stable
• H. …making our routines a little more pleasant

Match the sentence to the tense in which it is written:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. Android OS is primarily written in Java (UI), C (core), and C++, and is designed for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets
• B. In 2014, Android apps were made available on Chrome OS
• C. The most recent long-term support release is 20.10 (Groovy Gorilla), which will be supported for 9 months
• D. Each version of Android has been given a code name that is confectionery-themed and in alphabetical sequence
• E. Present Simple Passive
• F. Past Simple Passive
• G. Future Simple Passive
• H. Present Perfect Passive

Match the sentence with the time it was written:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. Economists, sociologists, and other researchers began to investigate the effects of telecommunications and computing technologies on mature industrial countries during the 1950s and 1970s
• B. For practically all of human history, labor has been sacral for the majority of people
• C. Gartner has been studying and publishing the dynamics of the emergence and development of information technology for several years
• D. The term “information society” refers to the social, economic, technological, and cultural changes
• E. Past Simple
• F. Present Perfect
• G. Present Perfect Continuous
• H. Present Simple

Match the systems and their characteristics:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. RTOS
• B. RTS
• C. POS
• D. MacOS
• E. a special type of system software that is used to create and manage RTS
• F. a specific system associated with a real object, processes. It includes the required hardware, operating system, and application software
• G. the first commercially successful operating system based on messaging as the only way to exchange information between cooperating processes
• H. a line of open core graphical operating systems developed, marketed, and sold by Apple Inc., the latest of which is pre-loaded on all currently shipping Macintosh computers

Match the terms and definitions:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. Watt
• B. Voltage
• C. Nanoelectronics
• D. a unit of power or radiant flux
• E. the work needed per unit of charge to move a test charge between the two points
• F. the use of nanotechnology in electronic components

Match the units of data measurement with their characteristics:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. Byte
• B. Megabyte (Mb)
• C. Terabyte (TB)
• D. is made up of eight bits and represents a value between 0 and 255
• E. is approximately 1000 Gb
• F. is approximately 1000 kb, or the equivalent of one million characters

Medium-scale integrated circuits have more than around 10 … on a chip but fewer than approximately 200 (MSI)

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Microsoft Windows eventually surpassed Mac OS … the world’s most popular personal computer operating system, with over 90 % market share

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• become
• becomes
• to become
• to be become

MULTICS was developed by …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Apple Inc
• Kaspersky Labs
• Linux
• Bell Labs

Nanoelectronics is the most … breakthrough in technical development

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• perfect
• distant
• ancient
• recent

Nothing is more … to a user than to try to use a new system that has turned functionality that previously was easy to use, into an obscure procedure that is difficult to use

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• frustrating
• frustrated
• frustration
• is frustrating

One of the advantages of Russia is an advantageous geographical location between trade and information and telecommunication flows …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• South-East
• West-East
• South-North
• North-East

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “A more systematic structure (form) … with the creation of ambitious operating systems in the mid-1960s”

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “A UNIX based operating system, Solaris (originally develop) … by Sun Microsystems in the mid-’90s”

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “Around the same period Intel (create) … three microprocessor designs”

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “Displays (attain) … VGA resolution by 1988, and 256-color screens were available by 1993”

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “Huge machines capable of conducting numerical calculations (construct) … in the mid-1940s”

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “In 1944 Howard Aiken (develop) … Mark l that could perform calculations involving large numbers”

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “LibreOffice, Firefox, Thunderbird, Transmission, and lightweight games like Sudoku and chess (include) … by default, while GNOME Files is the default file manager”

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “Resolutions and colors of computers (progress) … quickly by 2022”

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “The addition of support for Linux programs, which (reveal) … in 2018, was a big advance”

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “The microchip which (be) … a key component in the development of the personal computer”

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “The transistor, which (introduce) … in the mid-1950s, made computers more reliable”

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “There was no such thing when the first computers (develop) … following WWII”

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “What will the computers of the future (look) … like?”

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “Wireless network connectivity (also manage) … by mobile operating systems”

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “Years ago this service (can) … be used to run algorithms and experiments, and explore tutorials and simulations around what might be possible with quantum computing”

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Prior to the transistor’s discovery in 1947, the only way to execute its function in an electronic circuit was to use a … tube

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Put the number of Internet users worldwide from the largest to the smallest:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

• 1 the USA
• 2 China
• 3 Russia
• 4 Africa

Put the number of Internet users worldwide from the smallest to the largest:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

• 1 South Africa
• 2 Russia
• 3 China
• 4 the USA

QNX … produced by QNX SoftWare Systems (USA) and is designed for high-critical applications that operate smoothly for years

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• is
• was
• are
• were

Real-time operating systems (RTOS) … a special type of system software that is used to create and manage RTS

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• is
• are
• was
• is to be

RTOS are operating systems that are characterized by … (choose 3 correct answers)

Тип ответа: Множественный выбор • с выбором нескольких правильных ответов из предложенных вариантов

• high performance
• availability of monitoring tools
• support for various special equipment
• a runtime system and a development system

Some of the RTOS are distributed all over the world, the number of installations reaches hundreds of thousands, which is not bad for industrial systems, while others are designed for a specific microcontroller model and the number of copies sold … exceed two or three dozen

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• do not
• did not
• does not
• were not

Speaking about the development of the information society in Russia, I. N. Kurnosov writes that “the strategy for the formation of the information society in the transition period to a new system of property relations … take into account the special role and responsibility of the state”

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• must
• should
• have to
• to have to

The … is a small-scale special-purpose electronic digital machine for the solution of systems of linear algebraic equations and the first electronic computer incorporating vacuum tubes for digital computation

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Colossus
• Turing machine
• Differential Analyzer
• Atanasoff-Berry computer

The … protocol is not based on any of the common network protocols such as IPX or NetBios and has a number of qualities that make it unique (give the abbreviation)

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

The …, which was introduced in the mid-1950s, made computers more reliable

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• photonics
• transistor
• microchip
• vacuum tube

The “information economy” and “post-industrial society”, two concepts from that period, are still key parts of the information … concept

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

The advent of ways for creating the numerous functional units on a crystal of semiconductor materials was critical to the development of …

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

The Apple Macintosh, a low-cost workstation that emerged from early Alto computer concepts, was released in …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• 1923
• 1956
• 1984
• 2001

The author of The Production and Distribution of Knowledge in the United States (1962) is …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Frank Webster
• Fritz Machlup
• William Martin
• Anatoly Ilyich Rakitov

The benefits of specialized RTOS include … (choose 2 correct answers)

Тип ответа: Множественный выбор • с выбором нескольких правильных ответов из предложенных вариантов

• intolerance
• top performance
• long development time
• the greatest compactness

The description of a type of microcomputer is down below: “This type of microcomputer is just like a Mobile Device, but bigger than Smartphone and smaller then Notebook Computer. Just like Totally Smartphone feature like Touch screen display, power full Battery Backup and we can calling and receiving call and click pictures and anything”. Find out, what kind of microcomputer it is.

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• This is a description of the tablet
• This is a description of the laptop
• This is a description of the smartphone

The description of the generation of computers is down below: “Computers of this generation appeared, when IBM introduced the System/360, a line of software-compatible computers with varying levels of capability and price. Because the machines shared the same architecture and instruction set, programs created for one could be run on the other”. Which generation of computers is described in the text?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• This is a description of the first generation, which lasted from 1940s to 1950s, when word-oriented computers typically had a single accumulator and an extension, referred to as, e.g., Upper and Lower Accumulator, Accumulator and Multiplier-Quotient (MQ) register
• This is a description of the third generation, which lasted from 1965 to 1980s. These devices generally relied on early (sub-1000 transistor) integrated circuit technology. The third generation ends with the microprocessor-based fourth generation
• This is a description of the fourth generation, which has been lasting from 1970s to Present. he basis of the fourth generation is the microprocessor, a computer processor contained on a single large-scale integration (LSI) MOS integrated circuit chip

The development of integrated circuits and storage devices has continued at an exponential rate; each subsequent halving of component size now takes …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• one year
• five years
• two or three years
• four or six years

The disadvantage of the Self-Hosted RTOS is that most of the listed OS features are not used during the operation of an industrial computer and, therefore, … computer resources in vain

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• take up
• took up
• took up
• will take up
• would take up

The early transistors were not only larger than the smallest tubes, but they were also more …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• expensive
• powerful
• low
• cheap

The explosion in world population and the rise of globalised trade demanded even faster and more flexible tools for processing …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• data
• trading
• building
• shipment

The first recognized use of the word “computer” was from …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• 1575
• 1613
• 1753
• 1801

The first recognized use of the word “computer” was from 1613. What did the “computer” use to mean before this word started to refer to devices?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• It was used for people who have a high level of intelligence
• It was used for a device which helped ships to calculate their latitude at sea
• It was used for people who performed repetitive mathematical operations

The information society is established in those countries – … – in which a post-industrial society was formed in the 60s and 70s

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• in Brazil, Saudi Arabia, China
• in Japan, the USA, Western Europe
• in Indonesia, India, Singapore
• in Russia, Poland, Georgia

The interrupt latency is the time interval from …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• an event on an object to the execution of the first instruction in the program for processing this event
• the moment a physical interrupt occurs to the start of execution of the first instruction of the user task to which the interrupt is intended
• the end of the execution of the last instruction of one process (thread) to the start of the execution of the first instruction of the next process (thread)
• the end of the execution of the last user interrupt handler instruction to the execution of the first instruction of the process that entered the state due to this interrupt

The introduction of microelectronic circuits did not, for the most part, modify the … of the basic functional units: transistors, resistors, capacitors, and other similar components were still used in microelectronic devices

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• list
• future
• number
• character

The introduction of time-sharing systems, in particular, has long been regarded as a watershed moment in the evolution of … systems

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• operating
• executing
• mediating
• monitoring

The largest number of internet users currently in …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• China
• Russia
• the USA
• South Africa

The last decade’s technological advancements have played a … part in the formation of modern society

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• poor
• small
• significant
• inconsiderable

The metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect …, which stands for MOSFET, is the most common in microelectronics

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

The microkernel, process manager, device manager, file system manager, network manager belong to …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• ОСРВ VxWorks
• QNX RTOS
• ОСРВ OS-9

The network can serve as a means of … propaganda materials of criminal organizations, recipes for the manufacture of explosives and poisonous substances, weapons, narcotic and psychotropic drugs, and methods for breaking electronic and other ciphers

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• disseminating
• decreasing
• reduction
• removal

The OS-9 family of real-time operating systems has been in use for over … years, with more than 5 million installed copies

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• twenty
• thirty
• forty
• fifty

The OS-9 family of real-time operating systems has been in use for over 20 years, with more than 5 million installed copies. The range of OS-9 applications is wide – industrial automation, instrumental and measuring systems, military and space systems. Why has the OS-9 been so popular and widely used?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Number of supported hardware platforms and the quality of that support; various development tools; advanced network facilities
• Unlimited number of tasks; it's the first commercial real-time OS designed for building highly reliable fault-tolerant systems
• Their protocol is not based on any of the common network protocols such as IPX or NetBios and has a number of qualities that make it unique; keeps specific hardware running smoothly

The slide rule in its basic form uses … logarithmic scales to allow fast multiplication and division of numbers

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• two
• three
• four
• five

The standard markup language for documents designed to be displayed in a web browser is …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• RTF
• SGML
• HTML
• WWW

The standard markup language for documents designed to be displayed in a web browser is called … (give the abbreviation)

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

The term “developed post-industrial society” was introduced by …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• W. Martin
• I. Rakitov
• N. Kurnosov
• F. Machlup

The term “information…” refers to the social, economic, technological, and cultural changes that have occurred as a result of the rapid development and extensive use of information and communication technologies

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• people
• society
• industry
• world

The time interval determines how often each of the active processes … receive control under the given time slicing parameters

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• could
• can be
• can
• be able to

The transistor’s most significant advantage over the best vacuum tubes was that it consumed far …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• less power
• more power
• less voltage
• more voltage

The type of operating system that is not directly linked to the computer is the … operating system

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• batch
• distributed
• time-sharing
• multitasking

The unfair situation in society when some people have more opportunities, money, etc. than other people, is called …

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

There are some of the potential benefits of distributed operating systems, for example … (choose 2 correct answers)

Тип ответа: Множественный выбор • с выбором нескольких правильных ответов из предложенных вариантов

• they minimize the load on the host computer
• they require a high level of expertise to maintain
• they allow a faster exchange of data among users
• if the primary network fails, the entire system shuts down

There are some of the potential disadvantages of distributed operating systems, for example … (choose 2 correct answers)

Тип ответа: Множественный выбор • с выбором нескольких правильных ответов из предложенных вариантов

• they minimize the load on the host computer
• they require a high level of expertise to maintain
• they allow a faster exchange of data among users
• if the primary network fails, the entire system shuts down

W. Martin emphasizes the idea that … is “a key element of the information society”

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

When a new driver is added to the system, no side effects can occur in the form of, for example, a conflict with other …

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ