Many countries are affected by … addiction today

Иностранный язык в сфере юриспруденции /Темы 1-8 + Итоговый тест + Компетентностный тест / Сборник из 340 ответов на отлично / 100 из 100

Английский язык в сфере юриспруденции

Тема 1. What is Law? (Что такое закон?)

Тема 2. Law and Values. (Закон и ценности.)

Тема 3. Consumer Law (Закон о правах потребителя)

Тема 4. How Laws Protect the Consumer. (Как законы защищают потребителя.)

Тема 5. Law in Everyday Life. (Законы в повседневной жизни.)

Тема 6. Human Rights. (Права человека.)

Тема 7. Constitution. (Конституция.)

Тема 8. Drugs – Death Danger (Наркотики.) Заключение

Итоговая аттестация

Итоговый тест

Компетентностный тест

The theoretical foundations of modern … were laid down in the great works on the social contract

Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

Mercantile law was created in … to deal with interactions between merchants, and continues to change over time due to legislative changes, case law, and long-term trends in usage

Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

Aristotle called people …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

natural slaves

free people

society

The roots of rights and freedoms lie …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

in the written and oral traditions of many cultures

in the Acts

only in the oral traditions

Match the given countries to the corresponding law systems:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

A. Italy

B. England

C. Nigeria

D. Civil Law

E. Religious Law

F. Customary Law

Antique shop owner Mary uses a courier service to ship a set of china to John. The china set gets broken during delivery. You are a lawyer. Advise Mary as to her liability. Who will be responsible for fixing the problem?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

Mary will be responsible for fixing the problem. She must make sure products arent damaged. This also applies to deliveries. Mary may be able to seek compensation from the courier

John will be responsible for fixing the problem. He has already bought the china set, so its up to him to solve all the related issues

Courier service will be responsible for fixing the problem. After the goods were shipped that is courier services responsibility to deliver them

The Stoics argued, all humans are endowed by nature with a spark of … by means of which they can perceive a universal natural law that governs all the world and can bring their behaviour into harmony with it

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

reason

wisdom

fortune

justice

Another important function of … is the protection of the legitimate interests of citizens

Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

The first international treaty to control substances was adopted at the Brussels Conference in … in the context of the regulations against slave trade

Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

…, statutes, case law and regulations are issued by government institutions

Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

Correlate the branch of law with regulated legal relationship:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

A. Administrative law

B. Criminal law

C. Constitutional law

D. Municipal law

E. corruption

F. burglary

G. rights

H. education policies

Mercantile Law is …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

a system of law concerned with the punishment of offenders

a system of law concerned with private relations between members of a community

an assemblage of customs and practices governing a broad range of business practices

… values are the values that are often used

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

Moral

Legal

Terminal

Instrumental

The … of law comprises a number of principles of a formal and procedural character, addressing the way in which a community is governed

Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

The product can be recalled from the market and from consumers by …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

manufacturer

client

buyer

The idea of written laws goes back to ancient … culture that prospered long before the Bible was written or the civilizations of the Greeks or Romans flowered

Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

The oldest known evidence of a law code is the …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

Bible

Ebla tablets

Hammurabis Code

The very first legislation known to history which affirmed the legal personhood of women is called the … of Hammurabi

Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

There are various fields of law. The types of law students choose to pursue often determine the firms they can apply to once they graduate. Heres a case that can be attributed to one field of law: a golf player known for his speed and elusiveness murdered his wife. Is it public law or private law? What is the area of law? Who will initiate the case?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

This is public law as it governs relations between legal persons and the government. The area of law is Criminal law as the case is the murder. In such a case it will be a prosecutor who will initiate the case. A prosecutor is the government attorney who charges and tries cases against individuals accused of crimes

This is private law as it governs relations between law governs the horizontal relationships among private parties. The area of law is Criminal law as the case is the murder. In such a case it will be a prosecutor who will initiate the case. A prosecutor is the government attorney who charges and tries cases against individuals accused of crimes

This is public law as it governs relations between legal persons and a government. The area of law is Constitutional law as the case is the murder. In such a case it will be a prosecutor who will initiate the case. A prosecutor is the government attorney who charges and tries cases against individuals accused of crimes

… are supposed to be reflected in law as law should be based on what society sees as acceptable, fair, just

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

Values

Laws

Rules

… values are the goals that a person would like to achieve during his or her lifetime

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

Legal

Terminal

Final

… values are the highest values in a persons value system

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

Moral

Legal

Terminal

Instrumental

A claim for damage caused to health, life or property may be brought against a … (either seller or executor) at the consumers discretion Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

A comprehensive legal term that describes the condition of being actually or potentially subject to a legal obligation is … Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

For the first time in history, the issue of the protection of the minorities was raised by …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

League of Nations

United Nations

Amnesty International

Adultery is a voluntary sexual intercourse between a married person and someone other than that persons current spouse or partner. The Code of Hammurabi in Babylonia provided a punishment of death by drowning for adultery. In ancient Greece and in Roman law, an offending female spouse could be killed, but men were not severely punished. Study the following case: The husband alleged that he saw his wife talking with another person on three occasions. Whats the difference between ethical and legal? Does the case deal with Russian/English criminal law?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

Ethics is the word used to define anything that concerns the law or its workings. On the other hand, legal is the word used to define the traditional norms and morals of an individual. The following case is not regarded as criminal according to Russian / English criminal law. Adultery is an issue of ethics

Legal is the word used to define anything that concerns the law or its workings. On the other hand, ethics is the word used to define the traditional norms and morals of an individual. The following case is regarded as criminal according to Russian / English criminal law

Legal is the word used to define anything that concerns the law or its workings. On the other hand, ethics is the word used to define the traditional norms and morals of an individual. The following case is not regarded as criminal according to Russian / English criminal law. Adultery is an issue of ethics

If you buy something online and it is … or not as advertised or not fit for purpose you will have exactly the same rights as if you bought it in a shop.

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

poor

faulty

gloomy

Arrange the needs according to Dr. Abraham Maslow starting from the basic ones:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

1 Physical

2 Security

3 Social

4 Ego

5 Self-actualization

As a member of a profession dedicated to the service of clients, a … should be committed to the values Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

Basic and fundamental beliefs that guide or motivate attitudes or actions are …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

values

legal rules

judicial practices

The system of rules which regulates society is … Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

It is not correct that … belong to instrumental values

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

true friendship values (close companionship)

broad-minded values (open-minded)

logical values (consistent, rational)

courageous values (standing up for your beliefs)

Milton Rokeach defines values as enduring beliefs that … are preferred

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

modes of conduct or values that are end-states of existence

rules or values that are end-states of existence

modes of conduct or inner beliefs

Some scholars dont distinguish between morals and … Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

The … is an organization regardless of its organisational and legal form and also an individual entrepreneur who performs works or renders services to consumers under a cost contract Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

The ethical norms, values, and principles that guide a profession and the ethics of decisions made within the profession are called … ethics

Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

The Courts are to …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

punish

make procedural rules

apply the laws of the country

Values are frequently regarded as enduring … that are stable and reflect the way the decisions are made. Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

… is the practice of safeguarding buyers of goods and services, and the public, against unfair practices in the marketplace

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

Consumer protection

Labour protection

Contract law

The elements to ensure legal capacities and liabilities include …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

law enforcement

rules of legal procedure

moral rules

Consumer protection ensures that … make well-informed decisions about their choices and have access to effective redress mechanisms

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

employers

consumers

workers

Consumer Protection within the computer age prevents from the defrauding of consumers engaging within the … marketplace upon regulating the methods and activities of electronic commerce and transactions Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

If an individual does not meet the required definition (e.g., an individual entrepreneur, who buys goods in the course of his business), he is not subject to the Consumer … Law Ответ: Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

Both terminal and … values affect peoples personal as well as professional lives alike

Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

The … is an organization, regardless of its organisational and legal form, and also an individual entrepreneur who sells goods to consumers under a sale contract

Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

It is not correct that legal doctrine is also recognized as a … of law

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

rule

source

norm

Civil claims are dealt with by … law

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

criminal

constitutional

tort

Match the words with their synonyms:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

A. Consumer

B. Purchase

C. Product

D. Manufacturer

E. Importer

F. purchaser

G. acquisition

H. merchandise

I. producer

J. foreign buyer

Product liability in Russia is regulated by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (the Civil Code) and the Law On Consumer Protection dated 7 February … (the Consumer Protection Law) Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

The Federal Trade … works with foreign competition and consumer protection authority, and cooperates with foreign authorities on enforcement and policy matters through formal and informal agreements Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

Products must be recalled when …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

there are some cases resulting in the bad products

there is an official prescription from the local authorities

a manufacturer becomes aware of any risks of its products to the life of a consumer

The … considered the Twelve Tables, the first codification of Roman law, to be among their greatest achievements

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

Greeks

Romans

Egyptians

The … Code and the Consumer Protection Law contain a number of provisions by which manufacturers may incur liability for loss or damage suffered by the consumers of their products, regardless of whether or not a direct contractual relationship exists

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

Criminal

Civil

Administrative

The … is an individual who has the intention of ordering or acquiring goods (works, services) or who orders, acquires or uses them exclusively for personal, family, household and other needs not relating to the pursuance of entrepreneurial activities

Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

… is overall quality or character, that helps you to attract new customers and build customer loyalty Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

The … is an organization, regardless of its organisational and legal form, and also an individual entrepreneur who perform works or render services to the consumers on the chargeable agreement Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

The basic feature of the Russian legislation regulating product liability is …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

pro-seller orientation

pro-consumer orientation

compensation

consumer and seller orientation

… are responsible for ensuring product safety and to control the protection of human rights Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

People

Mayors

State agencies

The manufacturer (but not the seller) must compensate the … against losses suffered as a result of the products recall Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

… is the condition of being free of restraints, especially the ability to act without control or interference by another or by circumstance Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

You are a lawyer. Your client is Tatyana who bought boots in the shop 35 days ago. Yesterday she found out that her boots had a hole. She wants to have her money back as she states that it was a defective product. Can she return goods after 14 days of the purchase? Does she need to have a receipt? Who should pay for the expertise?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

Yes, she can have a refund even after 14 days if it is proven that the goods were defective. If there is no receipt, the refund is not allowed. Tatyana needs to send the goods to the retailer. The company sends the defective goods for the expertise

Yes, she can have a refund even after 14 days if it is proven that the goods were defective. If there is no receipt, the refund is allowed after receiving the copy of the receipt. Tatyana needs to send the goods to the retailer. The company sends the defective goods for the expertise

Yes, she can have a refund even after 14 days if it is proven that the goods were defective. If there is no receipt, the refund is allowed after receiving the copy of the receipt. Its the customers duty to send the defective goods for the expertise

A system of law that prescribes conduct perceived as threatening, harmful, or otherwise endangering to the property, health, safety, and moral welfare of people inclusive of ones self is … law Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

It is not correct that … are a capacity Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

rights

powers

immunities

services

Consumer protection laws and actions had a rapid growth in the …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

1970s

1920s

1950s

Arrange the sources of law according to their importance (start with the most important one): Тип ответа: Сортировка

1 Constitution

2 Statutes

3 Government Regulations

4 Ministerial regulations

5 Ordinances

Consumers face high cost and time barriers to taking action against a business, resulting in low usage of consumer … Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

A system of law that represents rights and obligations in the sphere of business transactions is … law Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

Arrange the following areas of law chronologically according to their appearance:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

1 Ancient Egyptian Law

2 Roman law

3 Canon law

4 African law

… law deals with marriage and divorce

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

Civil

Property

Family

Match the words with the synonyms:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

A. Protection

B. Trade

C. Union

D. Economy

E. Advertisement

F. safeguarding

G. commerce

H. association

I. wealth

J. commercial

Russia belongs to …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

Mixed legal system

Common law system

Customary law system

Civil law system

Reading … reviews can tell you more about a company or product

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

customer

merchant

trade retailer

Hammurabis Code contains … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

laws of nature

the list of judges

fundamental legal concepts

The cooling off period available to consumers who change their minds about goods theyve bought from a retailer in Russia takes … Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

24 hours

14 days

1 month

Establish the sequence of actions to make a return request:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

1 verify if the return date has not expired

2 create a request to return a product

3 specify the reason for the return

4 attach an image of the product to the request 5 enter your bank card details

The earliest Consumer Protection law was …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

Lex Julia de Flavio statute

Lex Julia de Annona statute

Lex Julia de Rigione statute

A legal … is the legal condition of a person who is required or forbidden by the law to perform an act Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

The Federal Trade Commissions mission is to protect consumers and promote …

Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

… is defined as freedom from inner conflict

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

Inner anxiety

Inner harmony

Inner control

Inner beliefs

Another characteristic of the unwritten constitution is the special significance of political customs known as …, which oil the wheels of the relationship between the ancient institutions of state Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

The Regulation on Consumer Protection Cooperation (CPC) is applicable in the … Economic Area Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

The principles concerning the distinction between right and wrong or good and bad behaviour are … Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

… and supervision of consumer protection by Rospotrebnadzor acting pursuant to its Regulations approved by Resolution of the Russian Government

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

President

State control

Local control

… are penalties or other means of enforcement used to provide incentives for obedience with the law, or with rules and regulations

Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

… flaw in goods (works, services) means a flaw that it is impossible to eliminate or a flaw which cannot be eliminated without spending an in commensurate outlays or time or which occurs repeatedly or which emerges again after it has been eliminated or other similar flaws Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

Arrange the needs according to Dr. Abraham Maslow starting with the highest ones:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

1 self-actualization

2 ego

3 social

4 security

5 physical

… is a drug-defined crime (chose 2 correct answers)

Тип ответа: Множественный выбор

Possession

Murder

Smuggling

Sale

… values are usually mutual for different communities and could be described using the following characteristics – socially acceptable, right and wrong

Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

… is a scheme of social control that is represented by a combination of relations between several things Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

The agency responsible for inspecting complaints of scams and fraud against businesses is …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

Federal government

Federal Trade Commission

State local Agency

… is classified as private law

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

Administrative law

Contract law

Constitutional law

… is concerned with human actions, and the choice of those actions, and evaluates those actions, and the values that underlie them Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

… is firm adherence to a code of especially moral or artistic values

Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

… is usually connected with what is believed to be right or wrong, with human moral principles or values Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

Law

Rules

Morality

… is the area of law that deals with agreements between people, businesses, and groups

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

Contract law

Constitutional law

Labour law

Consumer … laws are designed to prevent businesses from engaging in fraud or unfair practices, to protect individuals from scam artists, and identity thieves and crooks

Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

… is the estimated or appraised worth of any object or property, calculated in money

Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

According to the statistics there are nearly 500,000 drugs … registered in Russia; however, experts suggest that the number is at least six times greater

Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

… law is also referred to as primitive law, unwritten law, indigenous law, and folk law Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

… is an organisation, regardless of the organisational-and-legal form thereof, or an individual businessman engaged in importing commodities for their subsequent sale

Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

… laws are perceived to be eternal and immutable, while secular rules can be changed by their makers Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

The aim of the … is to share information about cross-border commercial activities that may affect consumer interests, and to encourage international cooperation among law enforcement agencies Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

… laws are statutory instruments made by local governments to regulate a broad range of issues within their communities Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

Local

Legal

Religious

Customary

A constitution guarantees …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

local liabilities

international rights and freedoms of a person and nation

rights and freedoms of a person and nation

… rests upon popular participation in government, constitutionalism upon disclosure of and openness about the affairs of government Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

…crimes come in several different varieties, and the connections that exist between … and crime can sometimes be very nuanced and complex Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

The rights and responsibilities of consumers, legal provisions and mechanism for settlement of consumer grievances are called … protection

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

policy

consumer

services

A branch of the law that governs the horizontal relationships among private parties is … law Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

Amnesty International is a global movement of more than seven million people who are independent of any type of political ideology, religion or economic interest and who take … personally Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

injustice

poverty

discrimination

Criminal law prosecutes activities which are …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

good

bad

unfair

illegal

A number of principles of a formal and procedural character, addressing the way in which a community is governed comprises …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

rules of law

community rules

judiciary

Code of … Offences establishes liability for certain offences committed against a consumer, such as: selling goods and rendering works or services of improper quality

Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

A person who hears a case at court is called a …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

solicitor

barrister

judge

lawyer

Consumer protection laws safeguard … of goods and services against defective products and deceptive, fraudulent business practices Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

purchasers

lawyers

employers

A system of treaties and agreements between nations that governs how nations interact with other nations, citizens of other nations, and businesses of other nations is … law

Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

… law is made by human beings, and one of its most famous examples – the US Constitution – begins with the words We, the people... Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

A turning point in the Consumer Protection Legislation was the … Treaty, signed on February 7, 1992 and ratified by Law no. 454 of November 3, 1992 that transformed the European Community in European Union

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

Paris

Berlin

Vienna

Maastricht

… measures are referred to as acts or, in the case of bicameral legislatures, joint or concurrent resolutions of both houses Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

According to the Constitution there are 3 branches: …, executive and judiciary

Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

An international nongovernmental organization that investigates and documents human rights violations and advocates for policies to prevent such abuses is Human Rights …

Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

Drug … is a global illicit trade involving the cultivation, manufacture, distribution and sale of substances which are subject to drug prohibition laws

Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

An area of United States law that involves agreements between people, businesses, and groups is … law Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

The … and anti-monopoly laws passed both at the close of the 19th century, as well as the early years of the 20th century disallowed for the commercial monopolization of the commercial market for the first time in conjunction with recorded and mandated legislature within the United States Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

An international organization that uses the medical and scientific tools to attract attention to severe human rights abuses and mass atrocities is … for Human Rights

Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

Drug use is regarded as a real problem in many parts of the world, although the extent of the issue varies greatly depending on culture, access, and …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

legislation

government

law enforcement

Apart from Rospotrebnadzor, protection of … rights in Russia is also conducted by municipal authorities that review applications from consumers, give necessary consultations and apply to courts to protect consumers

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

purchaser

consumer

seller

Match the given countries to the corresponding law systems:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

A. Italy

B. England

C. Nigeria

D. Civil Law

E. Religious Law

F. Customary Law

From a comparative perspective, British people have what is known as an … constitution, although some prefer to describe it as uncodified

Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

Arrange the following legal acts chronologically:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

1 The Norman conquest

2 The legal reforms of King Henry II

3 Magna Carta

4 The Habeas Corpus Act

5 The Bill of Rights

Law is made up of formulated legislation, including constitutions, statutes, treaties, … and codes; rules of law announced by the courts in deciding cases

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

ordinances

applications

acts

Arrange the values according to the theory of values by Max Scheler starting from the basic values:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

1 utility

2 sensual

3 virtue

4 wisdom

5 transcendent

According to researchers of scientists every 10th family has met the problem of drug …

Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

Attribute the following terms to the appropriate groups:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

A. Precedent

B. Courage

C. Deontology

D. Keep your promises

E. law

F. value

G. ethics

H. morality

Although, there are values accepted by the whole community, there are also … values that may be specific Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

By the late Middle Ages civil and canon laws were taught at most universities and formed the basis of a shared body of … thought common to most of Europe

legal

canon

administrative

Laws are binding for the members of the society because …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

they are made by people

they are always easy to obey

they protect peoples rights and fundamental freedoms

Complex Measures to withstand abuse and illegal drugs …was worked out and successfully implemented by central and local authorities

Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

Ius civile applied to … citizens

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

Roman

Greek

Roman-Greek

Constitution guarantees citizens certain substantive and procedural … to which they deemed themselves entitled as subjects of the British crown under the ancient English common law Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

Match the words with their synonyms:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

A. Refund

B. Defects assessment

C. Liquidation

D. Storage

E. Carriage

F. repayment

G. test

H. removal

I. repository

J. transportation

Correlate the branch of law with regulated legal relationship:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

A. Contract law

B. Property law

C. Tort law

D. Family law

E. breach of agreement

F. leasehold

G. negligence

H. divorce

In certain cases, drug use can be connected to crimes that only relate to drugs in an … way

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

direct

indirect

general

Distributing a drug is …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

not a crime

a drug-related offence

a drug-found offence

Drug abuse and … are associated with drug-related crimes

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

addiction

murder

crimes

It should be noted that there are three main sources of the law in the world: legislation, … or decisions of the higher court or custom Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

Arrange the following acts chronologically:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

1 Product Liability Directive

2 Unfair Commercial Practices Directive

3 Consumer Rights Directive

4 Revised Payment Services Directive

Match the given countries to the corresponding law systems:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

A. The Russian Federation

B. The United States of America

C. Iran

D. Civil Law

E. Religious Law

F. Customary Law

Executive branch is represented by the … in Russia

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

Queen

President

Vice-President

It is not correct that … is included in the guidelines for Consumer protection

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

right to safety

right to breathe

right to be heard

right to information

Human Rights are …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

basic rights and freedoms accorded to all people

a way in which the communities can control people

concepts which leaders aspire to as they create laws

British people certainly say that they have a …, but it is one that exists in an abstract sense, comprising a host of diverse laws, practices and conventions that have evolved over a long period of time Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

Human Rights Without … (HRWF) is an international non-profit organization that promotes respect for human rights around the globe and advocates for democracy, the rule of law and social justice Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

Civil Rights Defenders was established in …

1982

1950

1962

If a warranty period is established for the goods, the buyer has the right to make claims related to the short delivery of the goods within …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

warranty period

product expiration date

term of the contractual guarantee

In a religious legal … disputes are usually adjudicated by an officer of that religion, so the same person is both judge and priest Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

Consumer protection in the American legislation is implemented through …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

consumer codes

administrative codes

a system of rules and case law

The law operates in the … environment

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

social

political

geographical

In Russia rather than having a single product liability …, the relevant rules are scattered among various laws Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

An international non-governmental organization focused on human rights, with its headquarters in the United Kingdom, is … International

Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

It is not correct that … belongs to terminal values

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

salvation (saved eternal life)

obedient (dutiful, respectful)

national security (protection from attack)

a sense of accomplishment (a lasting contribution)

A prominent growth in the individual associations took place in Europe in …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

1990

1985

1989

1981

Most rules of law have developed from the … that are known as a settled and accepted way of behavior in the defined circumstances Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

Law creates not only …, but also justifications for people to behave in a certain way (lawful behaviour)

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

duties

liabilities

restrictions

The … Directive is the foundational legal framework for online services in the EU

Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

Laws currently in force in England include …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

the Consumer Protection Act 1987 and the Consumer Rights Act 2015

the Consumer Protection Act 1986 and the Consumer Rights Act 2019

the Consumer Protection Act 1985 and the Consumer Rights Act 2018

The body of rules, doctrines, and practices that govern the operation of political communities is …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

labour law

tort law

constitutional law

Legal scholars have adapted the principles of ancient Roman law in the Corpus … to contemporary needs

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

ius civile

iuris civilis

iuris militis

If a dealer from Austria sells drugs to a buyer from the USA, it is called drug …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

robbery

trafficking

smuggling

Match the following acts with their purposes:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

A. The Bill of Rights

B. The Slavery Convention of 1926

C. Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, 1951

D. affirmed rights such as free elections, freedom of speech and freedom from cruel and unusual punishment

E. important confirm and advance the suppression of slavery and the slave trade

F. prevent and prohibit specific abuses like torture and genocide and to protect especially vulnerable populations, such as refugees

The forms of laws are …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

acts, rules of morality

statutes, personal habits

state constitutions, treaties, tickets

local laws, statutes, executive orders

Match the given expressions with the definitions:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

A. Public law

B. Municipal law

C. International law

D. Tort law

E. it governs relationships between the government to itself and between the government and individuals

F. this can cover a wide range of issues, including everything from police power, zoning and property taxes

G. a system of treaties and agreements between nations that governs how nations interact with other nations, citizens of other nations, and businesses of other nations

H. the law that protects and compensates people who have been injured by the negligence, or recklessness, or intentional acts of wrongdoers

Human Rights Watch has its headquarters in …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

Paris

London

New York City

Match the given expressions with the definitions:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

A. Fairness

B. Justice

C. Equity

D. Equality

E. the state or quality of being equal

F. the maintenance or administration of what is just especially by the impartial adjustment of conflicting claims or the assignment of merited rewards or punishments

G. justice achieved not simply according to the strict letter of the law but in accordance with principles of substantial

justice and the unique facts of the case

H. impartial and just treatment or behaviour without favouritism or discrimination

The … Code and the Consumer Protection Law contain a number of provisions by which manufacturers may incur liability for loss or damage suffered by the consumers of their products Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

Match the words with the definitions:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

A. Drug production

B. Trafficking

C. Drug addiction

D. Possession

E. the process of industrial-scale synthesis of pharmaceutical drugs as part of the pharmaceutical industry

F. a global illicit trade involving the cultivation, manufacture, distribution and sale of substances which are subject to drug prohibition laws

G. substance use disorder

H. willful control of illegal substances

In certain cases, drug use can be connected to … that only relate to drugs in an indirect way Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

Match the words with the definitions:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

A. Intoxication

B. Drug dealer

C. Legal drugs

D. Addicted

E. the condition of having physical or mental control markedly diminished by the effects of alcohol

F. a person who sells illegal drugs

G. prescription drugs and over-the-counter drugs that have been legally obtained

H. physically and mentally dependent on a particular substance

Rospotrebnadzor inspects products (works, services) as being in conformity with obligatory … ensuring safety towards consumers and environment as well as preventing harm and damages thereto

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

facts

causation

requirements

Match the words with the synonyms:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

A. Trade

B. Union

C. Economy

D. Advertisement

E. commerce

F. assosiation

G. wealth

H. commercial

Many countries are affected by … addiction today

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

virus drug

virus alcohol

junk food

Match the words with their synonyms:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

A. Consumer

B. Purchase

C. Product

D. Manufacturer

E. Importer

F. purchaser

G. acquisition

H. merchandise

I. producer

J. foreign buyer

There are voluntary … of consumers (generally formed as non-commercial enterprises) who also protect consumers

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

companies

associations

local governmental bodies

Match the words with their synonyms:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

A. Ideology

B. Violation

C. Organization

D. Campaign

E. beliefs

F. breach

G. company

H. movement

The legislature is the Federal … of Russia, which consists of two chambers: the State Duma (the lower house) and the Federation Council (the upper house)

Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

Organized … activities are activities such as money laundering and political corruption, in support of the drug trade Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

Match the words with their synonyms:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

A. Abuse

B. Violation

C. Addiction

D. Drugs

E. corruption

F. encroachment

G. dependence

H. medicine

Product … is the ability of a product to be safe for intended use, as determined when evaluated against a set of established rules Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

Put the steps of the consumer decision making process in the appropriate order:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

1 problem recognition

2 search process

3 evaluating alternatives

4 selection stage

5 evaluation of decision

The main spheres of law are …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

public and private law

original and legal law

modern law and archaic law

Strict liability is applied regardless of whether or not contractual relations exist. The test for whether … information was supplied to a consumer is quite uncertain

Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

Rachel buys a commercial welding machine for her building business. A few weeks later, it breaks down. Can Rachel get a remedy from the store he bought it from?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

No, she cant. The Consumer Guarantees Act only applies to products and services that are usually for household or personal use

No, she cant. The period for return / refund is 1 week

Yes, she can. The Consumer Guarantees Act applies to all products and services

The adoption of the Constitution was so important to Russia because …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

the Constitution became a manifesto of the new democratic Russia

the Constitution created 5 legal bodies

the Constitution established a list of functions for the workers

The source of religious law is the …, legislating through the prophets

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

Deity

Code

Rule

The birth and evolution of the medieval … law tradition based on Roman law was thus integral to European legal development

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

civil

religious

common

Match the words with the synonyms:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

A. Openness

B. Constitutionality

C. Representation

D. Division

E. Accountability

F. discovery

G. due process

H. delegation

I. separation

J. reporting

The company that makes a particular brand of sneakers is an example of the … of the sneakers

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

worker

consumer

manufacturer

The defendant decided to kill his sister. He bought a knife and a bottle of strong alcohol which he drank to give himself Dutch Courage. Then he killed his sister. He subsequently claimed that he was so drunk that he did not know what he was doing, or possibly even that the drink had brought on a latent psychopathic state so that he was insane at the time of the killing. What was the Courts decision?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

The Court held that intoxication could not be a defence in either case as the intent had not been clearly formed, albeit after the killing took place

The Court held that intoxication could not be a defence in either case as the intent had been clearly formed, albeit before the killing took place

The Court held that intoxication could be a defence in either case even if the intent had been clearly formed

The Constitution of the Russian Federation was adopted in …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

1993

1992

1991

In US law, a … is a crime punishable by a term of imprisonment of not less than one year or by the death penalty Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

Imagine that in 2024 you will be president of your country. What branch will you represent? What will be your powers?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

The head of the executive branch. I would sign bills into law, veto bills from becoming laws, negotiate treaties with foreign countries, enforce the courts decisions

The head of the executive branch. I would sign bills into law, hear civil cases, negotiate treaties with foreign countries, enforce the courts decisions

The head of the executive branch. I would interpret state laws, veto bills from becoming laws, negotiate treaties with foreign countries, settle legal disputes

The EU legislation provides for some consumer protection or regulates the power of national authorities to introduce consumer protection …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

treaties

contracts

regulations

agreements

Originally … law was used by the merchants in Europe

Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

The functions of Rospotrebnadzors officials are to … (choose 2 correct answers)

Тип ответа: Множественный выбор

collect samples of products to conduct analysis

attend premises used by the manufacturer to conduct the necessary inspections and control

initiate only administrative proceedings and adjudicate administrative cases regarding consumer protection

urge manufacturers to start any violation of consumer rights and obligatory requirements established by law

The idea of written laws first appears in … culture

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

Mesopotamian

Greek

Roman

The individual associations remained weak until, in 1989, was created the … Consumers and Users Association which was attended by nine associations

Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

The law creates a … system including the system of the courts for mitigating controversies Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

The United Nations Guidelines for Consumer Protection, that were adopted in 1985 and revised in 1999, propose a list of objectives described as legitimate …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

calls

needs

duties

The laws are enforced according to their acceptance by …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

the minority of the people

the majority of the people

several groups of people

The legal framework within which public administration is carried out is … law

Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

Ben, who is 19 years old, applies for a job as a clerk in a goods store. The store manager is impressed with Bens speaking skills and says that he would like to hire him, subject to reference checks. Later, the manager calls Ben and says that he will not be hired. On checking his references with a former employer, the manager found out that Ben was convicted of careless driving. Has the store manager violated Bens human rights by refusing to hire him?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

Yes, the manager has violated Bens human rights. Discrimination in hiring based on having a record of ground is prohibited

No, the manager didnt violate Bens human rights as Bens offence is related to the job duties he would have to do

No, the manager didnt violate Bens human rights as its up to the manager to decide who should be hired and who should not

Through …, the Civil Rights Defenders provides expertise and support to human rights defenders while holding those in power accountable for their actions

Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

The most widespread classification of drugs is according to the way they … the body, how they are used or where they are used Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

The dramatic changes in Eastern Europe, Africa, and Latin America since 1989 have powerfully demonstrated a surge in demand for respect of … rights

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

human

universal

unified

The role of the local custom as a source of law became increasingly important because … (choose 2 correct answers)

Тип ответа: Множественный выбор

Civil law came into practice

Criminal law came into practice

European states sought to unify and organize their individual legal systems

European states sought to separate and organize their individual legal systems

The role of voluntary associations of consumers is to …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

provide psychological help

inform the manufactures about the claims

provide the measures to be undertaken in order to secure those rights

provide legal support and consultation to consumers regarding their rights and

Meghan is an interior designer. A supplier installs a gondola incorrectly and it breaks a month later. Who must fix the problem?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

Meghan as her customer hired Meghan. It was not her supplier. Meghan must fix any problems. However, Meghan can ask her supplier for compensation or repairs

Supplier who installed the unit, as it was his duty under the contract

Shelving manufacturer must fix the problem

The State Duma carries the main responsibility for … federal laws

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

passing

creating

establishing

The term civil law derives from the …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

Latin ius civile

Greek ius civile

Latin stare decisis

The term law denotes the body of rules and regulations that is the product of the … process Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

The theoretical foundations of modern … were laid down in the great works on the social contract Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

The United Nations (UN) defines discrimination as behavior that includes any distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference based on … (choose 2 correct answers)

Тип ответа: Множественный выбор

colour

salary

character

language

The process or product of enrolling, enacting, or promulgating law by a legislature, parliament, or analogous governing body is called … Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

The United Nations has adopted … treaties in addition to the covenants in the International Bill of Human Rights

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

10

20

30

40

Match the words with the definitions:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

A. Amend

B. Assembly

C. Democracy

D. Convention

E. to add to or to change (a proposal or law)

F. a large meeting for a special purpose

G. the system of government in which citizens vote to choose leaders or to make other important decisions

H. a group of people who make and change laws for a government or organization

There are those who feel that drug crime … is a serious drain on resources, and they worry that drug laws can create more crime than they stop by generating a black market

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

enforcement

policy

order

… of law are the materials and processes out of which law is developed

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

Practices

Codes

Sources

Though the … often brings the formal charges, investigates the matter, and decides on the case, he or she works within a framework established by a comprehensive, codified set of laws Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

The term law denotes the body of rules and regulations that is the product of the … process Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

Under the influence of Roman law, medieval scholars of Catholic church law, or canon law, …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

compiled existing religious legal sources into their own comprehensive system of law and governance for the Church

invented new religious legal sources and made their own comprehensive system of law and governance for the Church

compiled parts of the Bible into their own comprehensive system of law and governance for the Church

The Human Rights Act 1998 came into force in …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

December 1998

October 2000

January 1998

October 1998

Unlike most modern states, … does not have a codified constitution but an unwritten one formed of Acts of Parliament, court judgments and conventions

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

Britain

Italy

The USA

It is not correct that … belongs to the core activities of Amnesty International

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

research

legacy

advocacy

lobbying

Analyze the following case: Therapist sent a third billing notice to a slow-to- pay clients fax machine in her office but client did not report to work that day. The bill was titled psychological services rendered and handwritten in large print was Third Notice – OVERDUE!! with clients name. This notice sat in an open access mail tray of the busy office all day. Was is reasonable? Is it allowed to send private material in such a manner?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

Therapist could have failed to know that many people have access to the fax machine in a busy place of business. Private material should not be faxed unless it is known that the intended recipient will be retrieving the information

Therapist could use any address provided by the client. Private material should be faxed or send by e-mail

Therapist should have known that many people have access to the fax machine in a busy place of business. Private material should not be faxed unless it is known that the intended recipient will be retrieving the information

The body of law created by judges and similar quasi-judicial tribunals by virtue of being stated in written opinions is … law Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

Common-law legal systems place great value on deciding cases according to consistent principled rules, so that similar facts will yield similar and predictable outcomes, and observance of precedent is the mechanism by which that goal is attained. What is the guiding principle of Common-law legal systems? What is the idea behind?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

The principle of mens rea (lat.) is the mental element of a persons intention to commit a crime; or knowledge that ones action or lack of action would cause a crime to be committed. It is a necessary element of many crimes

The principle of stare decisis means that a court should apply previous court decisions to similar future cases

The objective element of a crime, is the Latin term for the guilty act which, when proved beyond a reasonable doubt

The purpose of a green paper of the European Commission of 2001 was …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

to launch a new project to decide the best way to regulate the field of fair commercial practices

to launch a public consultation to decide the best way to regulate the field of unfair commercial practices

to create a public union to decide the best way to regulate the field of unfair commercial practices

Judy owns a clothing retail store. One of her customers returns a T-shirt because it doesnt fit her. Does Judy have to give her customer a different size or a refund?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

No, she doesnt. Retailers arent responsible if a customer has a change of mind or circumstances. Judy may think of more flexible exchange policies to foster better customer relationships

Yes, she does. Retailers are totally responsible if a customer has a change of mind or circumstances

Yes, she does. Retailers are responsible if a customer has a change of mind or circumstances. Judi must order a new T- shirt that may fit the customer

Social … theory says that people live together in society in accordance with an agreement that establishes moral and political rules of behavior

Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

The Consumer Code in Italy came into force on 23 October 2005 and has been a … body of law for the protection of consumer rights

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

legal

ruling

binding

fundamental

Mary had therapy sessions. She found out that the psychologist sent copies of her case notes to the insurance carrier responsible for reimbursement and that therapist should not have revealed this information. Client reported psychologist to the APA Ethics Committee for violating confidentiality principles. Psychologist explained to Ethics Committee that any client understands that their confidentiality may be breached when using an insurance company for third-party reimbursement due to administrative and professional peer review. Nonetheless, psychologist never informed client of this risk before therapy began, rather, he assumed client must understand the protocol. Think of the Ethics Committee adjudication.

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

The Ethics Committee determined that psychologist didnt violate the confidentiality ethical standard by not informing client of the limits of confidentiality prior to treatment

The Ethics Committee determined that psychologist violated the confidentiality ethical standard by not informing client of the limits of confidentiality prior to treatment

The Ethics Committee determined that psychologist didnt violate the confidentiality ethical standard as there is non- confidentiality prior to treatment

Rules of law that aspire to protect all people everywhere from severe political, legal, and social abuses are called human … Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

2Stacy and several of her friends play in a womens hockey league at the skate rink. Quite frequently, the male rink attendants dont give them their full allotted ice time. The attendants make jokes on the women. Stacy thinks that their rights are violated. She has even complained but the manager has done nothing and supported men.

Have the rink attendants violated the young womens human rights?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

Yes, the rink attendants and manager have violated the young womens rights. It is discrimination based on gender or sex (ground). Every person has a right to equal treatment with respect to services, goods and facilities without discrimination because of sex

No, the rink attendants and manager have not violated the young womens rights. They took part in so-called mans game, so they should get accustomed to the above-mentioned behavior

Yes, the rink attendants and manager have not violated the young womens rights. They took part in so-called mans game, so they should get accustomed to the above-mentioned behavior

… is Statute Law

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

Case Law

Judge-made Law

Parliament-made Law

Susan buys a cup of coffee and accidentally spills it at Kates bar. What must Kate do to fix the problem?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

Replace the drink as businesses are responsible for problems or faults caused by a customer after purchase

Provide a discount for one more drink. Businesses are partially responsible for problems or faults caused by a customer after purchase

Nothing. Businesses arent responsible for problems or faults caused by a customer after purchase

The word constitution in Latin means …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

democracy

organization

structure

The defendant had voluntarily consumed drugs to calm his nerves. Under the influence of the drugs, he had started shooting in the cottage in which he had been living, but claimed to have been unable to remember anything after taking the drugs. The defendant was convicted of causing criminal damage being reckless as to whether life would be endangered, following the trial judges direction to the jury that self-induced intoxication was not available by way of defence to a basic intent crime. The defendant appealed. What is the Courts decision?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

The conviction was quashed on appeal on the grounds that he could not be expected to anticipate that drugs would have that effect upon him

The conviction was not quashed on appeal on the grounds that he could have expected that dangerous drugs would have that effect upon him

The conviction was quashed on appeal on the grounds that he could be expected to anticipate that drugs would have that effect upon him

A … is a direct vote by the electorate on a proposal, law, or political issue

Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

The distinction between Public and Private Law is a purely academic debate, nevertheless, it also affects legal practice. There are areas of law, which may not fit into distinction of Public or Private Law. Study the following case: An employment inspector investigates workplace safety, checking all the equipment. The inspector investigates workplace incidents, and conducts workplace inspections to evaluate compliance. Decide whether it falls into the category of Public or Private law.

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

It falls in the category of Private law as considers the interests of the individuals

It falls in the category of Public law as considers the interests of the society

It falls in the category of Public and Private law as considers the interest of the society and the individuals

Under the Russian law, the state control and … of consumer protection as well as sanitary and epidemiological safety of the population is conducted by the Russian Federal Consumer Rights Protection and Human Health Control Service (Rospotrebnadzor) Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

You are a lawyer. In Lizas electronics shop in the Russia Federation Ivan buys an expensive TV-set. Three weeks after the 12-month manufacturers warranty expires, the TV-set stops working. Must Liza give Ivan a remedy?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

Yes, she must. Although the warranty has expired, a customer can expect an expensive product to last a reasonable amount of time before any faults or problems appear

No, she doesnt have to. The warranty has expired, a customer cant expect any remedies

It depends on the defect. Ivan is entitled to a free TV-set examination

Arrange the milestone documents chronologically:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

1 Magna Carta

2 Code of Justinian

3 Roman Twelve Tables of Law

4 Constitution of Sparta

Arrange the documents chronologically:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

1 The Cyrus Cylinder

2 The Petition of Rights

3 The US Declaration of Independence

4 The Magna Carta

… law is based on precedents, that is the judicial decisions from previous cases, rather than law basedon constitutions, statutes, or regulations

Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

The Constitution is …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

the body of doctrines and practices that form the fundamental organizing principle of a political state

a written or printed paper that gives information about or proof of something

the restriction of the arbitrary exercise of power by subordinating it to well-defined and established laws

Arrange the following legal acts chronologically:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

1 The Bill of Rights

2 The Norman conquest

3 Magna Carta

4 The Habeas Corpus Act

5 The legal reforms of King Henry II

Roman law added to Aristotelian notions of constitutionalism … (choose 2 correct answers)

Тип ответа: Множественный выбор

a generalized equality

a universal wisdom

a hierarchy of types of laws

a generalized equity

It is not correct that laws can come from such sources as …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

constitutions

statutes

regulations

police officers

Law is made up of formulated legislation, including constitutions, statutes, treaties, … and codes; rulesof law announced by the courts in deciding cases

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

ordinances

applications

acts

According to the specialists, the current level of drug addiction is …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

critical

moderate

low

Precedent is basically …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

the judge needs to follow another Judges decision

if the cases are similar, the judgements should be similar

difficult to understand

Religion and language are two examples of … conditions that influence international business

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

political and legal

cultural and social

geographic

economic

Sources of law are the origins of laws, the binding rules that enable any state to govern its territory. The term source of law may sometimes refer to the sovereign or to the seat of power from which the law derives its validity. Do sources of law vary in legal systems? What is the hierarchy of the sources oflaw? What are the categories of these sources? Choose the correct answer.

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

Sources of law vary in different legal systems. For instance, Russia is a civil law country. There are primary and secondary sources. They are: the Constitution, Federal constitutional laws, Federal laws, Decrees of the President

Sources of law are the same in different legal systems. For instance, Russia is a civil law country. There are primary and secondary sources. They are: the Constitution, Federal constitutional laws, Federal laws, Decrees of the President

Sources of law vary in different legal systems. For instance, Russia is a common law country. There are primary and secondary sources. They are: the Constitution, Federal constitutional laws, Federal laws, Decrees of the President

The … law theory argues that some rules objectively existing in the nature also are source of law, while legal positivism argues that only the rules made by sovereignty can be the source of law Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

Medications or pharmaceuticals are also … and are regulated differently dependent on their level of health risk Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

The branch of government that has the power to enforce laws in the country is the …

Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

The common law legal system is one which revolves around the principle of … which means let the decision stand

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

stare decisis

dura lex

binding doctrine

reasonable man

Susan is an Asian-American. She wanted to continue her studies at a local public college but her application was rejected. Susan has grounds to suppose that it was because of her ethnic origin. She filed suit against the college. What law is applied in such a case?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

It is Constitutional law because it the constitutional rights were violated

It is International law because Susan is an Asian-American

It is Constitutional law as it can be applied to any cases

The established pattern of behavior that can be objectively verified within a particular social setting is called … Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

The idea of human rights emerged stronger after the … World War

Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

The rule of … is the political philosophy that all citizens and institutions within a country, state, or community are accountable to

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

law

doctrine

order

sphere

English philosophers Thomas Hobbes and John Locke in the 17th century and the French philosopher Jean-Jacques Rousseau in the 18th contributed to the theory of … contract

Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

What is important to note is that the four major legal systems of the world today consist of civil law, common law, … law and religious law

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Arrange the documents chronologically:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

1 The Great Charter of the Liberties of England

2 The Provisions of Oxford

3 The Bill of Rights

4 The European Communities Act

Efforts in the 19th century to prohibit the … and to limit the horrors of war are prime examples to establish human rights

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

slave trade

poverty

social injustice

One of the most significant acts in the area of drug trafficking is the UN Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances concluded at … in 1988.

Vienna

Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

Match the following acts with their purposes:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

A. The UN Charter

B. The US Constitution

C. Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, 1951

D. bolster international peace and preventing conflict

E. important guarantees about rights and freedoms for certain groups excluding womens rights

F. prevent and prohibit specific abuses like torture and genocide and to protect especially vulnerable populations, such as refugees

There is a complex interconnection among drugs, alcohol, violence, and … behavior

Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

On October 24, 1945, in the aftermath of World War II, the … came into being as an intergovernmental organization, with the purpose of saving future generations from the devastation of international conflict

The basic law of the state, which describes the structures and processes of government and the fundamental rights of citizens in a higher law that cannot be unilaterally changed by an ordinary legislative act is called the … Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

Stacy and several Black friends went to a cafе after school. They were having their lunch and laughing. Things started to change for the worse between their group and several White students sitting at another table. Food was thrown and the groups exchanged angry remarks. When the restaurant staff asked Stacy and her friends to leave the cafе, they felt angry and discriminated against. Did the cafе staff violate the groups human rights? Advise the cafе staff

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

The cafе staff violated the groups human rights. If the students behaved in the same manner, the cafе staff should have asked both groups to leave the cafе. Otherwise, it is a racial discrimination that is defined as any discrimination against any individual on the basis of their skin color, or racial or ethnic origin

The cafе staff didnt violate the groups human rights. Its the cafе staffs decision and they can choose who might stay in the cafе. So, it was right. No racial discrimination observed

The cafе staff violated the groups human rights. If the students behaved in the same manner, the cafе staff should have asked both groups to leave the cafе. Anyway, it is not a racial discrimination

The basic rights and freedoms that belong to every person in the world, from birth until death are called … rights Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

The belief that all human beings possess rights and freedoms, simply because they are human, was spread …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

in the aftermath of the Second World War

in the aftermath of the First World War

after the French Revolution

The Charter of the United Nations established six principal bodies, including the General …, the Security Council, the International Court of Justice, and in relation to human rights, an Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC)

Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

The first English Bill of Rights contained such rights as … (choose 2 correct answers)

Тип ответа: Множественный выбор

free elections

freedom of thought

freedom of choice

freedom of speech

The first English Bill of Rights was established in …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

1669

1679

1689

1699

The Great Charter was so important because it laid out the principle that everybody, …, was subject to the law

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

including royalty

excluding royalty

excluding nobles

Its obvious that drug … and drinking can also lead to violent behavior that is not reported and never makes it into the criminal justice system

Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

The role of the International Labor Organization was to …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

punish for wrongful acts

create the system of checks and balances

oversee treaties protecting workers with respect to their rights

Under biography is meant each region of distribution of narcotic drugs has its own …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

drug dealers

police trafficking organizations

specific development

The UN Commission on Human Rights proceeded a treaty – the International … on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) including its optional protocol

Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

The United States Constitution of 1791 contained a … that remains in effect today

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

Bill of Rights

Bill of Freedoms

Bill of Actions

The Universal … of Human Rights is the most universal human rights document in existence, delineating the thirty fundamental rights that form the basis for a democratic society Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was formally adopted by the … on December 10, 1948

Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

The concept of crime is considered in … law

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

Civil

Criminal

Legal

Administrative

… regarded the mixed constitution as the best arrangement of offices in the polis

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

The Stoics

Johne Locke

Aristotle

A constitutional … is a government in which the people vote for representatives or laws, and in which the laws are authorized and constrained by a constitution

Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

According to the Guinness Book of World Records, the Universal Declaration of … is the most translated document in the world

Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

A formal and organized choice by vote of a person for a political office or other position is called an… Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

Arrange modern constitutions chronologically (consider the date of their adoption):

Тип ответа: Сортировка

1 Constitution of Italy

2 Constitution of Belarus

3 Constitution of Russia

4 Constitution of Norway

5 Constitution of France

Many countries are affected by … addiction today

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

virus drug

virus alcohol

junk food

Match the words with the synonyms:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

A. Disclosure

B. Constitutionality

C. Representation

D. Division

E. discovery

F. due process

G. delegation

H. separation

Roman law generally recognized …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

a basic equity among all humans

an inequality among all humans

a basic equality among all humans

States that have a written … may also have a body of traditional or customary practices that may or may not be considered to be of constitutional standing

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

Constitution

Policy

law

The … of the United States is the supreme law of the United States of America

Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

The most effective anti-drug strategy that includes monitoring, detection and sorting, pursuit and apprehension is … Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

The Constitution is the supreme law of the country. Imagine if you were asked to create you student groups Constitution. What would it contain?

The preamble and amendments to protect the rights of the citizens. It will list the rights and freedoms of man and citizen such as freedom of walking, press, assembly, media freedom

The preamble, articles, and amendments to protect the rights of the citizens. It will list the rights and freedoms of man and citizen such as freedom of speech, press, assembly, media freedom

The preamble, articles, and amendments to protect the rights of the citizens. It will list the rights and freedoms of man and citizen such as freedom of playing video games, press, assembly, media freedom

The following types of constitutions are distinguished: …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

oral and written

written and unwritten

new and old

A … government is one whose powers have been adapted to the interests of its people and to the maintenance of individual liberty Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

The Romans conceived of the all-encompassing … law of nature as the eternal framework to which constitutions, laws, and policies should conform – the constitution of the universe

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

Rational

Irrational

Generalized

We can find he expression An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth in the …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

tablets from the ancient city Ebla

Bible

Hammurabis Code

A … is a type of offense punishable under criminal law by less than 12 months in jail

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

felony

misdemeanor

murder

Arrange the following drug control treaties chronologically according to the date of their entry in force:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

1 the Convention on the Rights of the Child

2 the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea

3 the Convention on psychotropic substances

4 the UN Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances

5 the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs

Distributing a drug is …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

not a crime

a drug-related offence

a drug-found offence

Drug abuse and … are associated with drug-related crimes

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

addiction

murder

crimes

Drug-related crimes consist of crimes to possess, …, or distribute drugs classified as having a potential for abuse Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

If a dealer from Austria sells drugs to a buyer from the USA, it is called drug …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

robbery

trafficking

smuggling

In case people use chemicals or distribute them, they might be prosecuted by the government and sent to … Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

In US law, a … is a crime punishable by a term of imprisonment of not less than one year or by the death penalty Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

It is not correct that … factors are contributing to the difficulty in measuring drug-crime relationships

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

cultural

personal

economic

political

psychological

Match the words with their synonyms:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

A. Intoxication

B. Felon

C. Treatment

D. Substance

E. drunkenness

F. drug offender

G. therapy

H. matter

Study the following case: The defendant, having voluntarily consumed drugs, had the illusion of descending to the centre of the earth and being attacked by snakes. In his attempt to fight off these reptiles he struck the victim two blows on the head causing injuries to her brain. He claimed to have had no knowledge of what he was doing and no intention to harm her. What was the courts decision?

His defence of intoxication was rejected at his trial and he was convicted of unlawful act manslaughter

His defence of intoxication was accepted at his trial and he was released

The defence was partial. And he was released on bail

Historically, under the common law doctrine of caveat emptor, … had very little protection from misleading sales, requiring consumers to inspect all transactions

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

themselves

retailers

sellers

consumers

The general trend concerning the narcotic drugs is that the main indicators of mortality fall to … people

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

aged

young

middle-aged

… secure guiding liberties and rights from the unreasonable intrusions by persons, organizations, or government

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

Constitutions

Treaties

Customs

Product … in Russia is regulated by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (the Civil Code) and the Law On Consumer Protection dated 7 February 1992 (the Consumer Protection Law)

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

liability

duty

tax

A synonym for light-hearted and joyful is …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

cheerful

respectful

sincere

restrained

Consumer Protection Laws specific to … commerce provides the regulation and oversight of the integrity of products and services offered within a virtual marketplace

Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

Arrange the documents chronologically:

Тип ответа: Сортировка

1 Slavery Convention

2 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees

3 Charter of Human and Peoples Rights

4 Cairo Declaration on Human Rights in Islam

A set of principles established by the founders of the organization to communicate its underlying moral values are called … standards

Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

… is a comprehensive legal term that describes the condition of being actually or potentially subject to a legal obligation Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

The … of the State Council fulfil their responsibilities independently.

Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

The Product Liability … of 1985 was the first consumer protection measure

Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

If a product fails to comply with its description or the regulations regarding production or labelling, it is considered to be … for the purposes of this provision, thus subjecting the defendant to liability Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

The constitution is the main legal act of the State. It lays down the formation of a system of society and establishes the state structure, the order and justification of the idea of representatives, executive and judicial authorities, the electoral system, the rights and obligations of the state, society and citizens. Can it be argued that any constitution is the constitution of a state or society exclusively?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор

It can hardly be argued that any constitution is the constitution of an exclusively state or society. As the practice of the vast majority of countries shows, constitutions also determine the initial provisions that characterize a certain social system, property system, socio-economic and political relations, and the level of spiritual life of the country

It can be argued that any constitution is the constitution of an exclusively state or society. As the practice of the vast majority of countries shows, constitutions do not determine the initial provisions that characterize a certain social system, property system, socio-economic and political relations, and the level of spiritual life of the country

It can hardly be argued that any constitution is not the constitution of an exclusively state or society. As the practice of the vast majority of countries shows, constitutions do not determine the initial provisions that characterize a certain social system, property system, socio-economic and political relations, and the level of spiritual life of the country

Values are practical based on the previous …, usually of several generations

Тип ответа: Текстовый ответ

Match the given expressions with the definitions:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

A. Morality

B. Value

C. Liability

D. Ethics

E. principles concerning the distinction between right and wrong or good and bad behaviour

F. the estimated or appraised worth of any object or property, calculated in money

G. a comprehensive legal term that describes the condition of being actually or potentially subject to a legal obligation

H. the process of questioning, discovering and defending values, principles and purpose