Иностранный язык в сфере юриспруденции, тема 1-8, итоговый, компетентностный тест, 127 вопросов (ответы на тест Синергия / МТИ / МОИ / МосАП)

• 127 вопросов с ответами (темы 1-8, итоговый тест, компетентностный тест)
• Результаты тестов по темам: 8-10 баллов из 10
• Результат итогового теста: 56 балла из 60
• Результат компетентностного теста: 32-36 баллов из 40
• Общий результат: 88-92 балла из 100

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1. The … considered the Twelve Tables, the first codification of Roman law, to be among their greatest achievements
2. It is not correct that … are a capacity
3. Civil claims are dealt with by … law
4. Correlate the branch of law with regulated legal relationship:
5. The oldest known evidence of a law code is the …
6. Hammurabi's Code contains …
7. … secure guiding liberties and rights from the unreasonable intrusions by persons, organizations, or government
8. A system of law that represents rights and obligations in the sphere of business transactions is … law
9. Another important function of … is the protection of the legitimate interests of citizens
10. The … of the State Council fulfil their responsibilities independently.
11. The very first legislation known to history which affirmed the legal personhood of women is called the … of Hammurabi
12. Arrange the sources of law according to their importance (start with the most important one):
13. … values are the highest values in a person's value system
14. … values are the values that are often used
15. The principles concerning the distinction between right and wrong or good and bad behaviour are …
16. Some scholars don't distinguish between morals and …
17. Values are practical based on the previous …, usually of several generations
18. Values are frequently regarded as «enduring …» that are stable and reflect the way the decisions are made.
19. Both terminal and … values affect people's personal as well as professional lives alike
20. The ethical norms, values, and principles that guide a profession and the ethics of decisions made within the profession are called … ethics
21. A comprehensive legal term that describes the condition of being actually or potentially subject to a legal obligation is …
22. Adultery is a voluntary sexual intercourse between a married person and someone other than that person's current spouse or partner. The Code of Hammurabi in Babylonia provided a punishment of death by drowning for adultery. In ancient Greece and in Roman law, an offending female spouse could be killed, but men were not severely punished. Study the following case: «The husband alleged that he saw his wife talking with another person on three occasions». What's the difference between «ethical» and «legal»? Does the case deal with Russian/English criminal law?
23. … is the practice of safeguarding buyers of goods and services, and the public, against unfair practices in the marketplace
24. Product … in Russia is regulated by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (the Civil Code) and the Law «On Consumer Protection» dated 7 February 1992 (the Consumer Protection Law)
25. The basic feature of the Russian legislation regulating product liability is …
26. The … is an organization regardless of its organisational and legal form and also an individual entrepreneur who performs works or renders services to consumers under a cost contract
27. The … is an organization, regardless of its organisational and legal form, and also an individual entrepreneur who perform works or render services to the consumers on the chargeable agreement
28. A claim for damage caused to health, life or property may be brought against a … (either seller or executor) at the consumer's discretion
29. The manufacturer (but not the seller) must compensate the … against losses suffered as a result of the product's recall
30. Product liability in Russia is regulated by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (the Civil Code) and the Law 'On Consumer Protection' dated 7 February … (the Consumer Protection Law)
31. Match the words with their synonyms:
32. You are a lawyer. Your client is Tatyana who bought boots in the shop 35 days ago. Yesterday she found out that her boots had a hole. She wants to have her money back as she states that it was a defective product. Can she return goods after 14 days of the purchase? Does she need to have a receipt? Who should pay for the expertise?
33. Historically, under the common law doctrine of caveat emptor, … had very little protection from misleading sales, requiring consumers to inspect all transactions themselves
34. The rights and responsibilities of consumers, legal provisions and mechanism for settlement of consumer grievances are called … protection
35. Consumer protection laws safeguard … of goods and services against defective products and deceptive, fraudulent business practices
36. Reading … reviews can tell you more about a company or product
37. The … and anti-monopoly laws passed both at the close of the 19th century, as well as the early years of the 20th century disallowed for the commercial monopolization of the commercial market for the first time in conjunction with recorded and mandated legislature within the United States
38. The aim of the … is to share information about cross-border commercial activities that may affect consumer interests, and to encourage international cooperation among law enforcement agencies
39. The Federal Trade Commission's mission is to protect consumers and promote …
40. The Product Liability … of 1985 was the first consumer protection measure
41. Consumers face high cost and time barriers to taking action against a business, resulting in low usage of consumer …
42. Match the words with the synonyms:
43. The rule of … is the political philosophy that all citizens and institutions within a country, state, or community are accountable to
44. … of law are the materials and processes out of which law is developed
45. It is not correct that laws can come from such sources as …
46. …, statutes, case law and regulations are issued by government institutions
47. The term «law» denotes the body of rules and regulations that is the product of the … process
48. The process or product of enrolling, enacting, or promulgating law by a legislature, parliament, or analogous governing body is called …
49. The body of law created by judges and similar quasi-judicial tribunals by virtue of being stated in written opinions is … law
50. The branch of government that has the power to enforce laws in the country is the …
51. Match the given countries to the corresponding law systems:
52. Sources of law are the origins of laws, the binding rules that enable any state to govern its territory. The term "source of law" may sometimes refer to the sovereign or to the seat of power from which the law derives its validity. Do sources of law vary in legal systems? What is the hierarchy of the sources of law? What are the categories of these sources? Choose the correct answer.
53. The roots of rights and freedoms lie …
54. The first English Bill of Rights contained such rights as … (choose 2 correct answers)
55. For the first time in history, the issue of the protection of the minorities was raised by …
56. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was formally adopted by the … on December 10, 1948
57. The basic rights and freedoms that belong to every person in the world, from birth until death are called … rights
58. Rules of law that aspire to protect all people everywhere from severe political, legal, and social abuses are called human …
59. The UN Commission on Human Rights proceeded a treaty – the International … on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR) including its optional protocol
60. Match the following acts with their purposes:
61. Arrange the documents chronologically:
62. Stacy and several Black friends went to a cafe after school. They were having their lunch and laughing. Things started to change for the worse between their group and several White students sitting at another table. Food was thrown and the groups exchanged angry remarks. When the restaurant staff asked Stacy and her friends to leave the cafe, they felt angry and discriminated against. Did the cafe staff violate the group's human rights? Advise the cafe staff
63. The Constitution is …
64. States that have a written … may also have a body of traditional or customary practices that may or may not be considered to be of constitutional standing
65. Aristotle called people …
66. Roman law generally recognized …
67. The Stoics argued, all humans are endowed by nature with a spark of … by means of which they can perceive a universal natural law that governs all the world and can bring their behaviour into harmony with it
68. The Romans conceived of the all-encompassing … law of nature as the eternal framework to which constitutions, laws, and policies should conform – the constitution of the universe
69. The theoretical foundations of modern … were laid down in the great works on the social contract
70. A … is a direct vote by the electorate on a proposal, law, or political issue
71. The basic law of the state, which describes the structures and processes of government and the fundamental rights of citizens in a higher law that cannot be unilaterally changed by an ordinary legislative act is called the …
72. Match the words with the synonyms:
73. A … is a type of offense punishable under criminal law by less than 12 months in jail
74. Drug abuse and … are associated with drug-related crimes
75. If a dealer from Austria sells drugs to a buyer from the USA, it is called drug …
76. Many countries are affected by … addiction today
77. According to the specialists, the current level of drug addiction is …
78. There is a complex interconnection among drugs, alcohol, violence, and … behavior
79. Medications or pharmaceuticals are also … and are regulated differently dependent on their level of health risk
80. One of the most significant acts in the area of drug trafficking is the UN Convention against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances concluded at … in 1988.
81. The most effective anti-drug strategy that includes monitoring, detection and sorting, pursuit and apprehension is …
82. Match the words with their synonyms:
83. We can find he expression «An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth» in the …
84. The body of rules, doctrines, and practices that govern the operation of political communities is …
85. Most rules of law have developed from the … that are known as a settled and accepted way of behavior in the defined circumstances
86. An area of United States law that involves agreements between people, businesses, and groups is … law
87. The forms of laws are …
88. The law operates in the … environment
89. The laws are enforced according to their acceptance by …
90. … laws are statutory instruments made by local governments to regulate a broad range of issues within their communities
91. … is the condition of being free of restraints, especially the ability to act without control or interference by another or by circumstance
92. … is concerned with human actions, and the choice of those actions, and evaluates those actions, and the values that underlie them
93. Attribute the following terms to the appropriate groups:
94. Arrange the needs according to Dr. Abraham Maslow starting with the highest ones:
95. Apart from Rospotrebnadzor, protection of … rights in Russia is also conducted by municipal authorities that review applications from consumers, give necessary consultations and apply to courts to protect consumers
96. Strict liability is applied regardless of whether or not contractual relations exist. The test for whether '… information' was supplied to a consumer is quite uncertain
97. The purpose of a green paper of the European Commission of 2001 was …
98. The Consumer Code in Italy came into force on 23 October 2005 and has been a … body of law for the protection of consumer rights
99. … measures are referred to as acts or, in the case of bicameral legislatures, joint or concurrent resolutions of both houses
100. The … Directive is the foundational legal framework for online services in the EU
101. The role of the local custom as a source of law became increasingly important because … (choose 2 correct answers)
102. Law is made up of formulated legislation, including constitutions, statutes, treaties, … and codes; rules of law announced by the courts in deciding cases
103. Though the … often brings the formal charges, investigates the matter, and decides on the case, he or she works within a framework established by a comprehensive, codified set of laws
104. Human Rights Without … (HRWF) is an international non-profit organization that promotes respect for human rights around the globe and advocates for democracy, the rule of law and social justice
105. Originally … law was used by the merchants in Europe
106. Executive branch is represented by the … in Russia
107. Unlike most modern states, … does not have a codified constitution but an unwritten one formed of Acts of Parliament, court judgments and conventions
108. According to the Constitution there are 3 branches: …, executive and judiciary
109. From a comparative perspective, British people have what is known as an '… constitution', although some prefer to describe it as 'uncodified'
110. Another characteristic of the unwritten constitution is the special significance of political customs known as '…', which oil the wheels of the relationship between the ancient institutions of state
111. In certain cases, drug use can be connected to … that only relate to drugs in an indirect way
112. Match the words with the definitions:
113. Susan is an Asian-American. She wanted to continue her studies at a local public college but her application was rejected. Susan has grounds to suppose that it was because of her ethnic origin. She filed suit against the college. What law is applied in such a case?
114. The distinction between Public and Private Law is a purely academic debate, nevertheless, it also affects legal practice. There are areas of law, which may not fit into distinction of Public or Private Law. Study the following case: An employment inspector investigates workplace safety, checking all the equipment. The inspector investigates workplace incidents, and conducts workplace inspections to evaluate compliance. Decide whether it falls into the category of Public or Private law.
115. Analyze the following case: Therapist sent a third billing notice to a slow-to- pay client's fax machine in her office but client did not report to work that day. The bill was titled «psychological services rendered» and handwritten in large print was «Third Notice – OVERDUE!!» with client's name. This notice sat in an open access mail tray of the busy office all day. Was is reasonable? Is it allowed to send private material in such a manner?
116. Ben, who is 19 years old, applies for a job as a clerk in a goods store. The store manager is impressed with Ben's speaking skills and says that he would like to hire him, subject to reference checks. Later, the manager calls Ben and says that he will not be hired. On checking his references with a former employer, the manager found out that Ben was convicted of careless driving. Has the store manager violated Ben's human rights by refusing to hire him?
117. Imagine that in 2024 you will be president of your country. What branch will you represent? What will be your powers?
118. The constitution is the main legal act of the State. It lays down the formation of a system of society and establishes the state structure, the order and justification of the idea of representatives, executive and judicial authorities, the electoral system, the rights and obligations of the state, society and citizens. Can it be argued that any constitution is the constitution of a state or society exclusively?
119. The defendant had voluntarily consumed drugs to calm his nerves. Under the influence of the drugs, he had started shooting in the cottage in which he had been living, but claimed to have been unable to remember anything after taking the drugs. The defendant was convicted of causing criminal damage being reckless as to whether life would be endangered, following the trial judge's direction to the jury that self-induced intoxication was not available by way of defence to a basic intent crime. The defendant appealed. What is the Court's decision?
120. The defendant decided to kill his sister. He bought a knife and a bottle of strong alcohol which he drank to give himself «Dutch Courage». Then he killed his sister. He subsequently claimed that he was so drunk that he did not know what he was doing, or possibly even that the drink had brought on a latent psychopathic state so that he was insane at the time of the killing. What was the Court's decision?
121. Rachel buys a commercial welding machine for her building business. A few weeks later, it breaks down. Can Rachel get a remedy from the store he bought it from?
122. Susan buys a cup of coffee and accidentally spills it at Kate's bar. What must Kate do to fix the problem?
123. You are a lawyer. In Liza's electronics shop in the Russia Federation Ivan buys an expensive TV-set. Three weeks after the 12-month manufacturer's warranty expires, the TV-set stops working. Must Liza give Ivan a remedy?
124. Judy owns a clothing retail store. One of her customers returns a T-shirt because it doesn't fit her. Does Judy have to give her customer a different size or a refund?
125. Meghan is an interior designer. A supplier installs a gondola incorrectly and it breaks a month later. Who must fix the problem?
126. Common-law legal systems place great value on deciding cases according to consistent principled rules, so that similar facts will yield similar and predictable outcomes, and observance of precedent is the mechanism by which that goal is attained. What is the guiding principle of Common-law legal systems? What is the idea behind?
127. Stacy and several of her friends play in a women's hockey league at the skate rink. Quite frequently, the male rink attendants don't give them their full allotted ice time. The attendants make jokes on the women. Stacy thinks that their rights are violated. She has even complained but the manager has done nothing and supported men. Have the rink attendants violated the young women's human rights?