Иностранный язык в профессиональной деятельности//СИНЕРГИЯ//МОСАП//МОИ//МТИ

ОТВЕТЫ НА ВОПРОСЫ НИЖЕ В ФАЙЛЕ ПОСЛЕ ОПЛАТЫ.

ДЛЯ БЫСТРОГО ПОИСКА ВОПРОСА ИСПОЛЬЗУЕТЕ 'CTRL' и 'F'

The last decade’s technological advancements have played a … part in the formation of modern society

*poor

*small

*significant

*inconsiderable

The early transistors were not only larger than the smallest tubes, but they were also more …

*expensive

*powerful

*low

*cheap

The transistor’s most significant advantage over the best vacuum tubes was that it consumed far …

*less power

*more power

*less voltage

*more voltage

Match the parts of one sentence:

A. Today’s IT managers are faced with the task…

B. Another area where microelectronics has excelled is…

C. For the past 20 years, …

D. Microelectronics has influenced our daily lives in a variety of ways, …

E. …of providing more services to more users

F. …in the field of robotics

G. …the design of computer processors has remained stable

H. …making our routines a little more pleasant

*A. Today’s IT managers are faced with the task=**E. …of providing more services to more users** B. Another area where microelectronics has excelled is=**F. …in the field of robotics** C. For the past 20 years,=**G. …the design of computer processors has remained stable** D. Microelectronics has influenced our daily lives in a variety of ways,=**H. …making our routines a little more pleasant**

Match the parts of one sentence:

A. Bell Telephone Laboratories’ John Bardeen, Walter H. Brattain, and William Shockley…

B. A second type of transistor was conceived…

C. Small-scale integrated circuits are the name…

D. Medium-scale integrated circuits have more than around 10 gates on a chip…

E. …devised the bipolar transistor in 1948

F. …about 25 years before bipolar transistors

G. …given to the earliest generations of commercially produced microelectronic devices (SSI)

H. …but fewer than approximately 200

*A. Bell Telephone Laboratories’ John Bardeen, Walter H. Brattain, and William Shockley… - E. ...devised the bipolar transistor in 1948 B. A second type of transistor was conceived… - F. ...about 25 years before bipolar transistors C. Small-scale integrated circuits are the name… - G. ...given to the earliest generations of commercially produced microelectronic devices (SSI) D. Medium-scale integrated circuits have more than around 10 gates on a chip… - H. ...but fewer than approximately 200

The first recognized use of the word “computer” was from …

*1575

*1613

*1753

*1801

Nanoelectronics is the most … breakthrough in technical development

*perfect

*distant

*ancient

*recent

Arrange the stages in the history of transistors in chronological order:

1 use of vacuum tubes

2 creating a bipolar transistor

3 manufacture of field-effect transistors

*1 use of vacuum tubes 2 creating a bipolar transistor 3 manufacture of field-effect transistors

In 1936, Alan Turing invented a universal machine, which was later called …

*the Colossus

*the Turing machine

*the Differential Analyzer

The slide rule in its basic form uses … logarithmic scales to allow fast multiplication and division of numbers

*two

*three

*four

*five

In 1936, Alan Turing invented a universal machine, which was later called …

*the Colossus

*the Turing machine

*the Differential Analyzer

*the Manchester Small-Scale Experimental Machine

… are made for program logic and for computer memory

*Monitors

*Usb-ports

*Vacuum tubes

*Microchips

The description of a type of microcomputer is down below: “This type of microcomputer is just like a Mobile Device, but bigger than Smartphone and smaller then Notebook Computer. Just like Totally Smartphone feature like Touch screen display, power full Battery Backup and we can calling and receiving call and click pictures and anything”. Find out, what kind of microcomputer it is.

*This is a description of the tablet

*This is a description of the laptop

*This is a description of the smartphone

Match machines to their characteristics:

A. Jacquard Loom

B. Analytical Engine

C. Z3

D. Harvard Mark I

E. punched wooden cards

F. mechanical-digital computer

G. fully automatic computing machine

H. automatic sequence controlled calculator

*A. Jacquard Loom - E. punched wooden cards B. Analytical Engine - F. mechanical-digital computer C. Z3 - G. fully automatic computing machine D. Harvard Mark I - H. automatic sequence controlled calculator

The … is a small-scale special-purpose electronic digital machine for the solution of systems of linear algebraic equations and the first electronic computer incorporating vacuum tubes for digital computation

*Colossus

*Turing machine

*Differential Analyzer

*Atanasoff-Berry computer

Match computers to their characteristics:

A. IBM

B. Apple

C. Mark 1

D. ENIAC

E. manufactured an easy-to-use computer with keyboard and mouse

F. stands for International Business Machine

G. the first computer

H. stands Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator

*A. IBM - F. stands for International Business Machine B. Apple - E. manufactured an easy-to-use computer with keyboard and mouse C. Mark 1 - G. the first computer D. ENIAC - H. stands Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator

According to the research company comScore Networks in 2019, the number of Internet users worldwide amounted to 747 million people. The United States has the largest audience of Internet users – 153.4 million people, that is, almost every second American regularly goes online. In second place is China – in China today 86.8 million Internet users. Russia still occupies 13th place in terms of the number of people connected to the Network – 12.7 million people. However, Africa with 800 million people accounts for only 1 % of the total number of its users in the world, with 90 % of them living in South Africa. Identify the type of information society problem in the above case study.

1 labor unemployment

*2 inequality of countries and regions

3 insecurity of personal data

The network can serve as a means of … propaganda materials of criminal organizations, recipes for the manufacture of explosives and poisonous substances, weapons, narcotic and psychotropic drugs, and methods for breaking electronic and other ciphers

*disseminating

*decreasing

*reduction

*removal

The term “developed post-industrial society” was introduced by …

*W. Martin

*I. Rakitov

*N. Kurnosov

*F. Machlup

According to the … criterion highlighted by W. Martin, the main characteristics of the information society are information technology, which is widely used in production, institutions, the education system and in everyday life

*social

*cultural

*economic

*technological

The information society is established in those countries – … – in which a post-industrial society was formed in the 60s and 70s

*in Brazil, Saudi Arabia, China

*In Japan, the USA, Western Europe

*in Indonesia, India, Singapore

*in Russia, Poland, Georgia

One of the advantages of Russia is an advantageous geographical location between trade and information and telecommunication flows …

*South-East

*West-East

*South-North

*North-East

Match the sentence with the time it was written:

A. Economists, sociologists, and other researchers began to investigate the effects of telecommunications and computing technologies on mature industrial countries during the 1950s and 1970s

B. For practically all of human history, labor has been sacral for the majority of people

C. Gartner has been studying and publishing the dynamics of the emergence and development of information technology for several years

D. The term “information society” refers to the social, economic, technological, and cultural changes E. Past Simple

F. Present Perfect

G. Present Perfect Continuous

H. Present Simple

*A. Economists, sociologists, and other researchers began to investigate the effects of telecommunications and computing technologies on mature industrial countries during the 1950s and 1970s - E. Past Simple B. For practically all of human history, labor has been sacral for the majority of people - H. Present Simple C. Gartner has been studying and publishing the dynamics of the emergence and development of information technology for several years - G. Present Perfect Continuous D. The term “information society” refers to the social, economic, technological, and cultural changes - F. Present Perfect

Match the main characteristics of the information society according to the following criteria by W. Martin:

A. Technological

B. Social

C. Economic

D. Political

E. Cultural

F. the key factor is information technologies, which are widely used in production, institutions, the education system and in everyday life

G. information acts as an important stimulant for changing the quality of life, “information consciousness” is formed and affirmed with wide access to information

H. information is a key factor in the economy as a resource, service, product, source of value added and employment

I. freedom of information leading to a political process characterized by growing participation and consensus among different classes and social strata of the population

J. recognition of the cultural value of information by promoting the assertion of information values in the interests of the development of the individual and society as a whole

*A. Technological - F. the key factor is information technologies, which are widely used in production, institutions, the education system and in everyday life B. Social - G. information acts as an important stimulant for changing the quality of life, “information consciousness” is formed and affirmed with wide access to information C. Economic - H. information is a key factor in the economy as a resource, service, product, source of value added and employment D. Political - I. freedom of information leading to a political process characterized by growing participation and consensus among different classes and social strata of the population E. Cultural - J. recognition of the cultural value of information by promoting the assertion of information values in the interests of the development of the individual and society as a whole

Below is a description of one of the technologies: “It is a subfield of electronics. These devices are typically made from semiconductor materials. These include transistors, capacitors, inductors, resistors, diodes and (naturally) insulators and conductors. As a result, this kind of IT has the potential to lower skill requirements in some vocations while raising them in others. It has influenced our daily lives in a variety of ways, making our routines a little more pleasant”. Which technology is described in the text?

*This is a description of photonics, which are an application of light generation, detection, and manipulation through emission, transmission, modulation, signal processing, switching, amplification, and sensing

*This is a description of nanoelectronics, because it refers to the use of nanotechnology in electronic components. It is a set of devices and materials, with the common characteristic that they are so small that inter-atomic interactions and quantum mechanical properties need to be studied extensively

*This is a description of microelectronics, because as the name suggests, microelectronics relate, to the study and manufacture (or microfabrication) of very small electronic designs and components

The introduction of microelectronic circuits did not, for the most part, modify the … of the basic functional units: transistors, resistors, capacitors, and other similar components were still used in microelectronic devices

*list

*future

*number

*character