Английский язык. English Phoneme. Part II/II
1. Give examples of (a) single opposition, (b) double opposition, (c) multiple opposition.
Answer: a) pen – ben
b) pen – den
c) pen – then
2. Give theoretical and practical proofs to explain constitutive, recognitive and distinctive functions of phonemes.
Answer:
1) Constitutive (educational) function - stress unites syllables in a word by forming its stressed form. Without stress, the word is the coordination of syllables.
2) Distinctive function - words with a similar sound structure differ in speech only by their stress 'object - to object'; stress helps to distinguish complex words from the phrases 'blackboard – 'black' board.
3) Recognition function (cognitive) - stress helps to identify words. For example, an aim – a name [aən ‘eim – a 'neim]. Distortion of percussion patterns can interfere with understanding or form a foreign accent.
3. Match the words below to obtain minimal pairs: catch, pip, cheap, sap, he, jail, lap, pair, say, sink, rip, fail, lass, Sam, mink, cap, tear, she, lay, heap, match.
Answer:
Say – lay, fail – jail, sink – mink, catch- match, she- he, cheap – heap, pip – rip, sap – cap - lap,
4. State what classificatory principles can be illustrated by the following pairs of words (consonants opposed initially): pin – bin, pen – ten, pole – coal, fee – he, sob – rob, pity – city, pine – mine, tail – veil, fell – well, fail – sail, those – rose, debt – net, pay –
say, seal – reel.
