Иностранный язык в профессиональной сфере (юриспруденция) тест с ответами магистратура Синергия

ПРОМЕЖУТОЧНЫЕ ТЕСТЫ+ИТОГОВЫЙ ТЕСТ+КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТНЫЙ ТЕСТ

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1. … are regarded as a “legal personality”

*Only natural persons

*Only artificial persons

* Both natural and artificial persons

2. … can be included in any legal system (chose 2 correct answers)

* Rules

*People

*Jobs

* Procedures

3. … is the highest officer of the Crown who is head of the judiciary and who presides in the House of Lords

* Lord Chancellor

*Reasonable man

*Queen

4. … law is a body of religious law governing the conduct of members of a particular faith

5. A … law is the group of legal ideas and systems ultimately derived from the Corpus Juris Civilis

6. A legal system for determining the facts at issue in a lawsuit is called … system

*tax

*Law

* jury

7. All the laws begin as documents called ….

8. Arrange the historical documents chronologically:

1 Roman Twelve Tables of Law

2 Constitution of Sparta

3 Code of Justinian

4 Magna Carta

9. Hammurabi’s Code contains …

*laws of nature

*the list of judges

* fundamental legal concepts

10. It is not correct that … are included in the Jurisdiction’s basis

*constitutions

* people’s ideas

*codes of law

*statutes

11. Match the types of law with examples:

A.Sacred law

B.Tort law

C.Land rights

D.Public law

E. the women shall not tear their faces nor wail on account of the funeral

F.if one is slain while committing theft by night, he is rightly slain

G.let them keep the road in order; if they have not paved it, a man may drive his team where he likes

H.treason: he who shall have roused up a public enemy or handed over a citizen to a public enemy must suffer capital punishment

12. Nowadays legal scholars distinguish two vast areas of law. They are Public and Private law.What is the difference between these areas?

* Private law refers to the relationship between individual citizens. Public law refers to the relationship between individual citizens and the state. Both private and public law relate to whom the law is applicable to. The classic distinction is that private law relates to the relationship between individual citizens, whereas public law relates to the relationship between the citizen and the state

*Public law refers to the relationship between individual citizens. Private law refers to the relationship between individual citizens and the state. Neither private law nor and public relates to whom the law is applicable to

*Private law relates to crimes committed inside the home and is about preventing these crimes. Public law relates to crimes committed in public places and the duty of the law enforcement agencies is to stop such crimes

13. The … system is a legal system for assessing and collecting taxes

14. The … system is a legal system for making democratic choices

*electoral

*jury

*tax

15. The common law includes both substantive rules, such as the offence of robbery, and procedural ones, such as court procedure rules derived from the … jurisdiction of the court

* inherent

*successive

*fundamental

16. The common law is the law declared by …, derived from custom and precedent.

17. The common law’s most distinguishing hallmark is reliance on a system of case … not restricted to judicial decisions generated within any single jurisdiction

18. The legal system includes rules, procedures, and institutions by which public … and private endeavors can be carried out through legitimate means

* initiatives

*perspectives

*working circles

19. The original penalties for … were replaced by statutes such as the Homicide Act 1957

20. The Russian Civil Law system descended from Roman Law through Byzantine tradition and has much in common with the … civil code

21. Trusts are now generally dealt with as part of the business of the … Division in the High Court

22. … aims to promote the widest-possible mutual assistance between criminal police forces and to establish and develop institutions likely to contribute to the prevention and suppression of international crime

* Interpol

*National Police

*Amnesty International

23. … are only used to hold inmates for a relatively short period of time, usually while they await their trial or sentencing

24. A … crime is a crime to possess, manufacture, or distribute drugs classified as having a potential for abuse

*drug-defined

* drug-related

*drug-provided

25. Arrange the police officers according to their rank (start from the lowest rank):

1 Constable

2 Inspector

3 Superintendent

4 Chief Superintendent

5 Chief Constable

26. During police academy training in the UK, recruits required to test on themselves …

* pepper spray

*rubber bullets

*fire arm

27. In England, police officers are called …

* Bobbies

*Red servants

*Police power

28. In the USA police officers need … to make an arrest

*concrete evidence

* probable cause

*reliable evidence

29. It is not correct that … is carried by most police officers in London

*handcuffs

* firearm

*nightstick

30. Law … is a broad term that refers to the act of preventing, correcting, finding, and punishing any violations of the Law of the Land in the concerned country or organization

* enforcement

*order

*disregard

31. Many people think the terms “prison” and “jail” mean the same thing, but they actually refer to two very different aspects of the criminal … system

32. Match the words with their definitions:

A. Gang

B. Fingerprints

C. Crime scene

D. Convict

E. a group of people often associated with crime and drugs

F. marks left by fingers that identify a person

G. the place where a crime happened

H. a person who is doing (or supposed to be doing) jailtime

33. One unique feature of policing approach in Russia is the system of territorial … over citizens

34. Read the description below:They are members of a police department or law enforcement agency. They are responsible for investigating crimes and determining who the perpetrator was and why it happened. They interview witnesses and suspects. They write official reports using the information they have.Who it is about? Prove your point of view.

*These are police investigators. They are members of law enforcement agencies and they are busy investigating crimes. They work for clients or individuals who pay them for their investigative services

* These are police detectives. They are members of law enforcement agencies and they are busy investigating crimes

*These are private advocates. They interview witnesses and suspects. They write official reports using the information they have

35. Russia has passed legislation according to which police officers have the right to break into homes and cars without any …

36. Short-term confinement, primarily used after a youth has been arrested, but before a court has determined the youth’s innocence or guilt, is called … detention

37. State … house offenders who have committed state crimes, such as assault, arson, robbery or homicide

38. The career structure in the British police force provides working place ranging from … to sergeant, then through inspector and superintendent to chief constable

39. The most evident and common agency that enforces the law in most of the countries of the world is the …

40. The practice of police sketches appeared in … in the 19th century

*Russia

*Italy

* France

41. The process or result of using laws to fairly judge and punish crimes and criminals is …

42. The Royal Mounted Police came from …

*Russia

* Canada

*England

43. A … bill consists of the short and long titles and the names of up to 12 supporters

* dummy

*tummy

*bunny

44. A … is a qualified legal adviser who has direct contact with his clients, combining legal expertise and some other skills

45. According to the information provided by Bar … barristers are specialist legal advisers and court room advocates

46. Civil law guides … when people have suffered injury and financial loss caused by negligence

47. Consultation documents produced by the Government in the UK are called … papers

*Red

*White

* Green

*Purple

48. Imagine that you are asked to describe the procedure on the stages of a Parliamentary Bill.Have a look and say which one is correct.

*A bill is introduced in the commons. The first reading that is the formal announcing of the Bill to parliament. Explanatory notes are also produced to accompany the Bill. The second reading is the first opportunity for the Bill to be debated. At this point the Bill returns to the whole House to enable them to consider what changes have been made during the Committee stage. The third reading is the final stage in the House of Commons. MPs can view the Bill as amended after the two previous stages but cannot suggest further amendments. Once the Bill reaches the House of Lords it goes through the same stages as it did in the House of Commons

*A bill is introduced in the commons. The first reading that is the formal announcing of the Bill to parliament. Explanatory notes are also produced to accompany the Bill. The second reading is the first opportunity for the Bill to be debated. It is at this stage that the principle of the Bill is discussed. After the Second Reading a committee of MPs will be selected to scrutinise the Bill. At this point the Bill returns to the whole House to enable them to consider what changes have been made during the Committee stage. The third reading is the final stage in the House of Commons. MPs can view the Bill as amended after the two previous stages but cannot suggest further amendments

*A bill is introduced in the commons. The first reading that is the formal announcing of the Bill to parliament. Explanatory notes are also produced to accompany the Bill. The second reading is the first opportunity for the Bill to be debated. It is at this stage that the principle of the Bill is discussed. After the Second Reading a committee of MPs will be selected to scrutinise the Bill. At this point the Bill returns to the whole House to enable them to consider what changes have been made during the Committee stage. The third reading is the final stage in the House of Commons. MPs can view the Bill as amended after the two previous stages but cannot suggest further amendments. Once the Bill reaches the House of Lords it goes through the same stages as it did in the House of Commons

49. In the UK, lawyers that specialise in the legal side of moving home are called …

50. In the UK, MPs are elected every … years

*three

*four

* five

51. In the UK, one term in the lower chamber of the Parliament is … years

*six

* five

*four

52. In the UK, only the is entitled to dissolve the lower Chamber

* monarch

*president

*upper chamber

53. In the UK, there are four Inns of Court: Middle Temple, … Temple, Gray’s Inn and Lincoln’s Inn

54. Match the words with their definitions:

A. Lord Chief Justice

B. The Journal

C. The Cabinet

D. Frontbencher

E. the Head of the Judiciary of England and Wales

F. the legal record of the proceedings of Parliament (events and decisions)

G. the team of ministers in the Government who are chosen by the Prime Minister to lead on specific policy areas

H. either a Government minister or an Opposition shadow spokesperson

55. MPs’ elections are called … elections

*local

* general

*territorial

56. Policy documents produced by the Government in the UK that set out their proposals for future legislation are called … papers

*Red

* White

*Green

*Purple

57. Solicitors can represent clients personally in the lower … and with specialist training are also able to … them in higher courts

58. The … law practice helps resolve legal issues that impact on people’s everyday lives such as debts, unpaid fines, discrimination

59. The Bar Council regulates … and the Law Society regulates solicitors

60. The English legal profession is divided into two branches: … and barristers

61. The Head of the Parliament in the UK is the …

* queen

*prime minister

*speaker

62. The House of … represents the people of Britain

*Lords

* Commons

*Nobles

63. Arrange the milestone documents chronologically:  

1 The Bill of Rights (UK)  

2 The US Declaration of Independence  

3 The Universal Declaration on Human Rights  

4 The Russian Federation Constitution

64. A political party in Russia that managed to gather the largest portion of the popular vote and secured a constitutional majority in the State Duma is …

65. Arrange the commercial courts according to their hierarchy:

1 Commercial appellate courts

2 Commercial cassation courts

3 Commercial courts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation

4 The Supreme Commercial Court of the Russian Federation

66. Deputies of the … work full-time on their legislative duties; they are not allowed to serve simultaneously in local legislatures or hold Government positions

*Parliament

* State Duma

*Federal Assembly

67. Each house elects a … to control the internal procedures of the house

*speaker

*president

* chairman

68. In case the State Duma rejects … times the candidates for the post of the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation, dissolve the State Duma and appoint new elections

69. In the Russian Federation, draft laws are first considered in the …

70. Match the words with their definitions:

A. Session

B. Term

C. Direct tax

D. Impeach

E. the regular period of time during which a legislative body conducts business

F. the specified length of time served by elected officials in their elected offices

G. a tax that must be paid by the person on whom it is levied

H. formal charge brought against a public official by the lower house in a legislative body

71. Match the words with their definitions:

A.Hopper

B.Veto

C.Subcommittee

D.Bicameral

E.a wooden box on the House floor into which measures are dropped for formal introduction

F. chief executive’s power to reject a bill passed by a legislature

G.division of existing committee that is formed to address specific issues

H. “two chambers;” in a legislative body, having two houses

72. Russia’s Legislature has … parts

73. Russia’s legislature is called the …

*Senate

*Congress

* Federal Assembly

74. The … deals primarily with issues of concern to the subnational jurisdictions

*State Duma

*Federal Assembly

* Federation Council

75. The decision of the State Duma on advancing charges and the decision of the Council of the Federation on impeaching the … shall be adopted by two thirds of the votes of the total number of members of each chamber

76. The Federation Council has less power than the …

* State Duma

*Federal Assembly

*Federation Council

77. The houses also form Parliamentary … and commissions to deal with particular types of issues

*Chambers

* Committees

*Inner houses

78. The legislative process constitutes one of the most important areas of attention of any country. Imagine you were asked by your foreign colleague to describe the way the laws are made in Russia. Below you can find several solutions. Find the correct description.

*The legislative process in Russia includes three hearings in the State Duma, then approvals by the Federation Council, the upper house and sign into law by the President. Draft laws may originate in either legislative chamber, or they may be submitted by the president, the Government, local legislatures and the Supreme Court, the Constitutional Court, or the Superior Court of Arbitration within their respective competences. Draft laws are first considered in the State Duma. Upon adoption by a majority of the full State Duma membership, a draft law is considered by the Federation Council, which has fourteen days to place the bill on its calendar. Conciliation commissions are the prescribed procedure to work out differences in bills considered by both chambers

*The legislative process in Russia includes two hearings in the State Duma, then approvals by the Federation Council, the upper house and sign into law by the President. Draft laws may originate in either legislative chamber, or they may be submitted by the president, the Government, local legislatures and the Supreme Court, the Constitutional Court, or the Superior Court of Arbitration within their respective competences. Draft laws are first considered in the State Duma. Upon adoption by a majority of the full Federal Council membership, a draft law is considered by the Federation Council, which has fourteen days to place the bill on its calendar. Conciliation commissions are the prescribed procedure to work out differences in bills considered by both chambers

*The legislative process in Russia includes four hearings in the State Duma, then approvals by the Federation Council, the upper house and sign into law by the President. Draft laws may originate in either legislative chamber, or they may be submitted by the president, the Government, local legislatures and the Supreme Court, the Constitutional Court, or the Superior Court of Arbitration within their respective competences. Draft laws are first considered in the State Duma. Upon adoption by a majority of the full State Duma membership, a draft law is considered by the Federation Council, which has fourteen days to place the bill on its calendar. Conciliation commissions are the prescribed procedure to work out differences in bills considered by both chambers

79. The legislative process in Russia includes … hearings in the State Duma, then approvals by the Federation Council

80. The President of the Russian Federation shall be … of the Constitution of the Russian Federation

*head

*protector

* guarantor

81. The President of the Russian Federation shall be elected for … years by citizens of the Russian Federation on the basis of universal, equal, direct suffrage by secret ballot

*four

*five

* six

82. The process by which a legislative body or other legally constituted tribunal initiates charges against a public official for misconduct is called …

83. The State Duma votes on the compromise …

84. The two … of the Federal Assembly possess different powers and responsibilities, with the State Duma the more powerful

* Chambers

*Committees

*Inner houses

85. … is a typical responsibility of the county sheriffs office

* Operating a jail

*Responding to calls in a municipality

*Talking to criminals in the criminal and civil process

86. … law is the area of the law that covers most civil suits in the UK

87. … law is the aspect of law which emanates from and has effect on members of a specific state

* Municipal

*Local

*Interior

88. … law, also known as private law, regulates disputes between private individuals or entities

89. … regulates the relationship between different independent countries and is usually in the form of treaties, international customs

*National relationship

* International relationship

*Domestic relationship

90. A … is a place for the purpose of imprisoning someone, typically someone who has been convicted of a minor offense or someone who is awaiting trial for the crime they are accused of having committed

91. A … is an order that serves as a specific type of authorization and is regarded as a writ issued by a competent officer that permits an otherwise illegal act that would violate individual rights

92. A chief … is a police officer in charge of the police in a particular area

93. A correctional facility for young offenders or delinquents, often under the supervision of a special court. is called … detention

94. Any criminal trial begins with the …

*opening arguments of the defense attorney

*interviewing the witnesses

* selection of the jury

95. Arrange chronologically according to the establishment date:

1 The US Congress

2 The UK Parliament

3 The European Court of Human Rights

4 The Federal Assembly (Russia)

96. Arrange the historical documents chronologically starting from last to first:

1 Magna Carta

2 Code of Justinian

3 Constitution of Sparta

4 Roman Twelve Tables of Law

97. Arrange the milestone documents chronologically starting from last to first:

1 The Universal Declaration on Human Rights

2 The Russian Federation Constitution

3 The Bill of Rights (UK)

4 The US Declaration of Independence

98. Arrange the police officers according to their rank in the UK (start from the highest rank):

1 Chief Constable

2 Chief Superintendent

3 Superintendent

4 Inspector

5 Constable

99. Before submitting a … with an arbitrazh court, a party may have to comply with a pretrial claim procedure

100. Constitutional courts of constituent entities resolve issues of …

* compliance with the constituent entity’s laws

*national authorities

*political divisions 

101. Due to the necessary repairs the House of Commons will move to … House and the House of Lords will relocate to the Queen Elizabeth II conference center

* Richmond

*Salisbury

*York

102. Early Roman law was drawn from … and statutes, but later during the times of the empire, the emperors asserted their authority as the ultimate source of law

* custom

*cases

*tales 

103. In Russia, … laws shall be adopted by the State Duma

104. In Russia, the courts of general jurisdiction have … levels

* four

*five

*six

105. In Russia, the two chambers of the legislature also have the power to override a presidential … of legislation

* veto

*vote

*election

106. In the UK, … is considered the “upper chamber”

* the House of Lords

*the House of Knights

*the House of Commons

*the Senate

107. In the UK, “lower chamber” …

*creates bills

* votes on legislation

*it has no real power

*holds the power to dissolve the government

108. In the UK, currently there is a … Government in power

109. In the UK, every citizen aged 18 or over can vote once in the … in which they live

110. In the UK, historically most members of the House of Lords have been what we called … peers

111. In the UK, MPs are elected every … years

*three

*four

* five

112. In the UK, nowadays, almost all the members of House of Lords are life …

113. In the UK, since 1945, there has been the … Convention that the House of Lords will not oppose a measure that was specifically mentioned in the last election manifesto of the political party forming the Government

114. In the UK, the Commons is chaired by the …

*queen

* speaker

*chairman

115. In the UK, the key responsibility of the upper chamber is

*to create bills

*to regulate taxes

*to decide the fate of criminals

* to suspend bills passed in the lower chamber

116. In the UK, there is no fixed number of members in the House of … and the number fluctuates because of deaths, retirements and new appointments

117. It is not correct that … belongs to the courts of the general jurisdiction

*trial court

* mediation court

*court of cassation appeal

*court of supervisory appeal

118. It is not correct that … is a service performed by forensics

* care for the sick and injured

*examine and analyse evidence from crime scenes

*assist in the investigation and prosecution of perpetrators of crime

119. Judges may be citizens of the Russian Federation over … years of age with a higher education in law

120. Law enforcement is primarily the responsibility of …

*state police agencies

* local police agencies

*national police agency

*private security

121. Match people to their descriptions:

A.Pickpocket

B.Thief

C.Juvenile delinquent

D.Intruder

E.a thief who steals from people’s pockets in transit or in crowds

F.somebody who steals

G. a minor who commits a crime

H.a person who enters a house or business illegally

122. Match the courts with their functions:

A.District courts

B.Arbitration courts

C.The Supreme Court of the Russian Federation

D.The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation

E.handle most civil, criminal and administrative cases

F.hear cases dealing with a wide matter of contractual issues, such as rights of ownership, contract changes, performance of obligations, etc.

G. heads the system of courts of general jurisdiction and the system of commercial courts

H.resolves cases regarding the constitutionality of normative legal acts of all levels

123. Match the types of law with examples:

A. Sacred law

B. Tort law

C. Land rights

D. Private law

E. the women shall not tear their faces nor wail on account of the funeral

F. the use of another person’s property without their permission

G. let them keep the road in order; if they have not paved it, a man may drive his team where he likes

H. one party files a suit claiming a breach of contract, the first question the judge must answer is whether a contract existed between the parties

124. Match the types of law with examples:

A. Acquisition and possession

B. Land rights

C. Procedure

D. Public law  

E. when one makes a bond and a conveyance of property, as he has made formal declaration so let it be binding

F. a man might gather up fruit that was falling down onto another man’s farm

G. if anyone summons a man before the magistrate, he must go; if the man summoned does not go, let the one summoning him call the bystanders to witness and then take him by force

H. putting to death of any man, whosoever he might be unconvicted is forbidden

125. Match the words with the definitions:

A.Judiciary

B.Legislature

C.Juror

D.the branch of government which administers justice according to law

E.an assembly with the authority to make laws for a political entity such as a country or city

F.one of a group of persons sworn to deliver a verdict in a case submitted to them; member of a jury

126. Match the words with the definitions:

A. An amendment

B. A bill

C. A clause

D. A debate  

E. a change to the wording of a Bill or a motion that is proposed by an MP or member of the House of Lords

F. a proposal for a new law, or a proposal to significantly change an existing law

G. part of a Bill

H. a formal discussion of a specific proposal (motion) in the House of Commons or House of Lords

127. Match the words with their definitions:

A. Escape

B. Bail

C. Back-up

D. Cell

E. get away from a holding place

F. large amount of money that someone pays as a promise to appear in court

G. police that are called in to support or help

H. individual room in a jail or prison

128. Match the words with their definitions:

A.Clerk

B.Budget

C.The Cabinet

D.Frontbencher

E.the senior permanent official of Parliament who advises on procedure and records the decisions of the house, and is the administrative head of the Parliament Secretariat

F.a plan placed before Parliament each year showing what money the government expects to receive (revenue) and how the government wants to spend it (expenditure)

G. the team of ministers in the Government who are chosen by the Prime Minister to lead on specific policy areas

H. ither a Government minister or an Opposition shadow spokesperson

129. Most counties in the United States are patrolled by a … department under the leadership of an elected official

* sheriffs

*police

*constable’s

*state police

130. One of the most discussed powers of the police is the power to question or … persons suspected of crime

* interview

*look for

*send off

131. One unique feature of policing approach in Russia is the system of territorial … over citizens

132. Religions have much to say about right and wrong, but believers can sometimes be torn between the laws of their country and those of their …

*rule

* faith

*order

133. Roman civil law allowed great … in adopting new ideas or extending legal principles in the complex environment of the empire

*rigidity

* flexibility

*partiality

134. Some countries use a method of election called … representation which means that there is a reasonable correlation between the percentage of votes cast for a particular political party and the number of seats or representatives won by that party

135. Special powers of the State Duma are enumerated in the …

* Constitution

*Local acts

*Federal acts

136. State … house offenders who have committed state crimes, such as assault, arson, robbery or homicide

137. The … of the Government of the Russian Federation may raise before the State Duma the issue of no-confidence to the Government of the Russian Federation

138. The … of the Russian Federation is a judicial body of constitutional review, which independently exercises judicial power by means of constitutional judicial proceedings

*Supreme Court

* Constitutional Court

*Administrative Court

139. The … of the Russian Federation is the highest judicial body for civil, criminal and administrative cases, cases for economic disputes and other cases

* Supreme Court

*Constitutional Court

*Administrative Court

140. The … of the Russian Federation may take a decision on the resignation of the Government of the Russian Federation

141. The Archbishop discusses the implications of some interpretations of Western … legal systems

*holy

*secular

* religious

142. The British Parliament – like that of larger countries – is …; it has two chambers

143. The British Parliament, often referred to as the “… of Parliaments,” consists of the sovereign, the House of Lords, and the House of Commons.

144. The building where the British Parliament sits is called …

*Big Ben

* Westminster

*Downtown 

145. The duties of police officers include … (choose 3 correct answers)

* highway patrol

* traffic enforcement

* patrol of small towns

*serve civil process

146. The first Parliament of the UK was called together in …

*1530

*1465

*1160

* 1265

147. The International Criminal … investigates and, where warranted, tries individuals charged with the gravest crimes of concern to the international community

148. The jurisdiction of the State Duma includes deciding the issue of confidence in the … of the Russian Federation

149. The most accurate definition for the Rule of Law is …

* “a rule made by Parliament”

*“guidance on how rules should be applied”

*“the law must be made up of strict rules with punishment for breach of those rules”

* “an idealistic concept of how the legal system should function to further civilized society”

150. The most evident and common agency that enforces the law in most of the countries of the world is the …

151. The part of the legal system that relates to punishing people who break the law is called the … law

152. The principles of the … developed into the laws of Henry II

153. The purpose of … law is to regulate the relationship between States and, therefore, it is binding upon States

154. The State Commercial Courts in Russia are called …

* Arbitrazh

*Commercials

*Labour

155. The Supreme Court acts as a … court in cases where regulatory acts of the president of the Russian Federation, are challenged

*trial

*commercial

*turned

156. The term “…” can generally be defined as any proceeding over which a judge presides

157. The term common law means the law developed by the old common law courts of the King’s Bench, the Courts of Common Pleas and the Courts of …

158. Traditionally, members of the British police must gain a certain level of academic … at school and undergo a period of intensive training

* qualifications

*certificates

*aptitude 

159. Two bodies of the British Parliament are …

*The Senate and the House of Representatives

* The House of Lords and the House of Commons

*The Legislative and Executive branches

*The House of Commoners and the House of Lords

160. Writ “…” is Latin for “you may have the body”

161. Written laws are those laws that have been validly enacted by the … of a country

* legislature

*judiciary

*executive

162. A 30-year-old man is arrested and detained by police officers on suspicion that he has stolen a car. He was seen by the neighbour, who says he went to the same school as him, and who reported it to the police. The police take the man to the local police station, where they intend to interrogate him about the suspected offence. Assess if he has a right to a lawyer and, if so, at what point in the process that right applies according to the RF laws.

*He doesn’t have a right to a state lawyer. If he has money, he can have a private lawyer. He is allowed to remain silent until the lawyer arrives

*He has a right to a lawyer. If he has no lawyer of his own, he will be assigned a state lawyer. He is allowed to remain silent until the lawyer arrives

*He has a right to a lawyer. If he has no lawyer of his own, he will be assigned a state lawyer. He is to be interviewed at the moment when he comes to the police department even in the absence of his lawyer

163. A legislature is an assembly with the authority to make laws for a political entity such as a country or city. They are often contrasted with the executive and judicial powers of government. What is the difference in the legislative system of the Russian Federation and the United Kingdom?

*The executive power is vested in the Federal Assembly. It consists of 2 chambers. The Upper Chamber is Council of Federation; the lower chamber is the State-Duma. A bill must be approved by both Chambers and signed by the president than it becomes a law. The President may veto the bill. The United Kingdom is not a constitutional monarchy. Britain is administered from the palace of Westminster in London. Parliament is made up of two chambers – the House of Commons and the House of Lords

*The legislative power is vested in the Federal Assembly. It consists of 2 chambers. The Upper Chamber is Council of Federation; the lower chamber is the State-Duma. A bill must be approved by both Chambers and signed by the president than it becomes a law. The President may veto the bill. The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. Britain is administered from the palace of Westminster in London. Parliament is made up of two chambers – the House of Commons and the House of Lords

*The legislative power is vested in the Federal Assembly. It consists of 2 chambers. The Upper Chamber is Council of Federation; the lower chamber is the State-Duma. A bill must be approved by both Chambers and signed by the president than it becomes a law. The President may veto the bill. The United Kingdom is a federal republic. Britain is administered from the palace of Westminster in London. Parliament is made up of two chambers – the House of Commons and the House of Lords

164. According to Article 13 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation the principle of political pluralism is enshrined. What does it mean?

* Pluralism as a political philosophy is the recognition and affirmation of diversity within a political body, which is seen to permit the peaceful coexistence of different interests, convictions, and lifestyles. The ban is established on the recognition of any ideology as official. The freedom of political opinions and actions is proclaimed. The basis for the existence of a multi-party system in the country has been approved

*Pluralism as a political philosophy is the recognition and affirmation of diversity within a political body, which is seen to permit the peaceful coexistence of different interests, convictions, and lifestyles. The rights and freedoms of man and citizen are recognized

*Pluralism as a political philosophy is the recognition and affirmation of diversity within a political body, which is seen to permit the peaceful coexistence of different interests, convictions, and lifestyles. There is no state religion. The rights and freedoms of man and citizen are recognized

165. Imagine your American friend decided to become a police officer in the USA. What steps should he make?

*It’s a seven-step hiring process. The first step is an online questionnaire. After that you take the written test and once you pass it, you move to the next step. The third step is the polygraph, after which you are sent to the department interview and the medical interview. A background investigator will do an approximate three-month-long investigation where they look at every place you’ve ever lived, every employer that’s ever hired you, your references, your neighbours, your friends

*It’s a six-step hiring process. The first step is an online questionnaire. After that you take the written test and once you pass it, you move to the next step. The third step is the polygraph, after which you are sent to the department interview and the medical interview. They’ll study your social media accounts, everything that you can possibly think of, to make sure that we really know who we’re hiring

*It’s a five-step hiring process. The first step is an online questionnaire. After that you take the written test and once you pass it, you move to the next step. The third step is the polygraph, after which you are sent to the department interview and the medical interview

166. Intentions are mental states in which the agent commits themselves to a course of action. According to the Roman law, did the intention produce legal consequences?

*The basis for Roman law was the idea that the exact form, not the intention, of words or of actions produced legal consequences. Romans recognized that there are witnesses to actions and words, but not to intentions

*The basis for Roman law was the idea that the intention, not the form produced legal consequences. Romans recognized that there are witnesses to intentions as well as to actions and words

*The basis for Roman law was the idea that the intention, the words and the form produced legal consequences. Romans recognized that there are witnesses to intentions as well as to actions and words

167. Law of the Twelve Tables, Latin Lex XII Tabularum, the earliest written legislation of ancient Roman law, traditionally dated 451–450 BC. The Twelve Tables allegedly were written by 10 commissioners at the insistence of the plebeians, who felt their legal rights were hampered by the fact that court judgments were rendered according to unwritten custom preserved only within a small group of learned patricians. According to the Law of the Ten Tables, what was to be done to a person found guilty of giving false testimony?

*A person who had been found guilty of giving false witness shall be killed by his enemy

*A person who had been found guilty of giving false witness shall be sent to prison for 10 long years

*A person who had been found guilty of giving false witness shall be hurled down from the Tarpeian Rock

168. Read the following piece of the text about the USA:Senate Bill X has passed out of the Senate. Senators were happy with the way that it was drafted and did not amend it at all. It has gone through the committee review process in the House of Delegates. An amendment was made, and the Delegates agreed that the amendment made the bill much better, so they passed it out of the House. What may happen at this point?

*First, the House will report the passage of the bill to the Senate and request their concurrence in the amendments. Next, the Senate will vote on whether or not they agree with the changes that the House has made. If they do agree, the bill moves on to be signed into law by the Governor. At this point, the Senate is not allowed to request that the House recede from their amendments or withdraw the amendments that they passed. The House doesn’t vote on whether or not to recede from their amendment

*First, the House will report the passage of the bill to the Senate and request their concurrence in the amendments. The Senate may also request that the House recede from their amendments or withdraw the amendments that they passed. The House then votes on whether or not to recede from their amendment

*First, the House will report the passage of the bill to the Senate and request their concurrence in the amendments. Next, the Senate will vote on whether or not they agree with the changes that the House has made. If they do agree, the bill moves on to be signed into law by the Governor. At this point, the Senate may also request that the House recede from their amendments or withdraw the amendments that they passed. The House then votes on whether or not to recede from their amendment

169. Some of the different types of government include a direct democracy, a representative democracy, socialism, communism, a monarchy, an oligarchy, and an autocracy. What characterizes the Republican form of government established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation?

*Work and health of people are protected. A guaranteed minimum wage is established. State support is provided for the family, motherhood, fatherhood and childhood, the disabled and the elderly

*The highest authorities are elected or appointed for a fixed term. State pensions, allowances and other guarantees of social protection are established

*The head of state is elected by the people. The highest authorities are elected or appointed for a fixed term

Введение в курс

Тема 1. Legal System (Законодательная система)

Тема 2. Law enforcement (Органы правопорядка)

Тема 3. The Legislative branch in the UK (Законодательная ветвь власти в Великобритании)

Тема 4. The Legislative Branch in Russia (Законодательная ветвь власти в России)

Заключение

Итоговая аттестация

Итоговый тест

Компетентностный тест