Иностранный язык в профессиональной сфере. Синергия. Промежуточные тесты

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1 семестр

Тема 1. Legal System (Законодательная система)

Тема 2. Law enforcement (Органы правопорядка)

Тема 3. The Legislative branch in the UK (Законодательная ветвь власти в Великобритании)

Тема 4. The Legislative Branch in Russia (Законодательная ветвь власти в России)

Match the types of law with examples:

A. Sacred law

B. Tort law

C. Land rights

D. Public law

E. the women shall not tear their faces nor wail on account of the funeral

F. if one is slain while committing theft by night, he is rightly slain

G. let them keep the road in order; if they have not paved it, a man may drive his team where he likes

H. treason: he who shall have roused up a public enemy or handed over a citizen to a public enemy must suffer capital punishment

… are regarded as a “legal personality”

·      Only natural persons

·      Only artificial persons

·      Both natural and artificial persons

The common law includes both substantive rules, such as the offence of robbery, and procedural ones, such as court procedure rules derived from the … jurisdiction of the court

·      inherent

·      successive

·      fundamental

The common law is the law declared by …, derived from custom and precedent.

A … law is the group of legal ideas and systems ultimately derived from the Corpus Juris Civilis

The … system is a legal system for making democratic choices

·      electoral

·      jury

·      tax

The Russian Civil Law system descended from Roman Law through Byzantine tradition and has much in common with the … civil code

Arrange the historical documents chronologically:

1.   Roman Twelve Tables of Law

2.   Constitution of Sparta

3.   Code of Justinian

4.   Magna Carta

Trusts are now generally dealt with as part of the business of the … Division in the High Court

All the laws begin as documents called ….

The original penalties for … were replaced by statutes such as the Homicide Act 1957

Nowadays legal scholars distinguish two vast areas of law. They are Public and Private law. What is the difference between these areas?

·      Private law refers to the relationship between individual citizens. Public law refers to the relationship between individual citizens and the state. Both private and public law relate to whom the law is applicable to. The classic distinction is that private law relates to the relationship between individual citizens, whereas public law relates to the relationship between the citizen and the state

·      Public law refers to the relationship between individual citizens. Private law refers to the relationship between individual citizens and the state. Neither private law nor and public relates to whom the law is applicable to

·      Private law relates to crimes committed inside the home and is about preventing these crimes. Public law relates to crimes committed in public places and the duty of the law enforcement agencies is to stop such crimes

… law is a body of religious law governing the conduct of members of a particular faith

The legal system includes rules, procedures, and institutions by which public … and private endeavors can be carried out through legitimate means

·      initiatives

·      perspectives

·      working circles

Hammurabi’s Code contains …

·      laws of nature

·      the list of judges

·      fundamental legal concepts

The common law’s most distinguishing hallmark is reliance on a system of case … not restricted to judicial decisions generated within any single jurisdiction

The … system is a legal system for assessing and collecting taxes

… is the highest officer of the Crown who is head of the judiciary and who presides in the House of Lords

·      Lord Chancellor

·      Reasonable man

·      Queen

… can be included in any legal system (chose 2 correct answers)

·      Rules

·      People

·      Jobs

·      Procedures

A legal system for determining the facts at issue in a lawsuit is called … system

·      tax

·      law

·      jury

It is not correct that … are included in the Jurisdiction’s basis

·      constitutions

·      people’s ideas

·      codes of law

·      statutes

In England, police officers are called …

·      Bobbies

·      Red servants

·      Police power

The process or result of using laws to fairly judge and punish crimes and criminals is …

Arrange the police officers according to their rank (start from the lowest rank):

1.   Chief Constable

2.   Inspector

3.   Superintendent

4.   Chief Superintendent

5.   Chief Constable

Read the description below: They are members of a police department or law enforcement agency. They are responsible for investigating crimes and determining who the perpetrator was and why it happened. They interview witnesses and suspects. They write official reports using the information they have. Who it is about? Prove your point of view.

·      These are police investigators. They are members of law enforcement agencies and they are busy investigating crimes. They work for clients or individuals who pay them for their investigative services

·      These are police detectives. They are members of law enforcement agencies and they are busy investigating crimes

·      These are private advocates. They interview witnesses and suspects. They write official reports using the information they have

Law … is a broad term that refers to the act of preventing, correcting, finding, and punishing any violations of the Law of the Land in the concerned country or organization

·      enforcement

·      order

·      disregard

State … house offenders who have committed state crimes, such as assault, arson, robbery or homicide

Russia has passed legislation according to which police officers have the right to break into homes and cars without any …

It is not correct that … is carried by most police officers in London

·      handcuffs

·      firearm

·      nightstick

… aims to promote the widest-possible mutual assistance between criminal police forces and to establish and develop institutions likely to contribute to the prevention and suppression of international crime

·      Interpol

·      National Police

·      Amnesty International

The practice of police sketches appeared in … in the 19th century

·      Russia

·      Italy

·      France

The Royal Mounted Police came from …

·      Russia

·      Canada

·      England

A … crime is a crime to possess, manufacture, or distribute drugs classified as having a potential for abuse

·      drug-defined

·      drug-related

·      drug-provided

Short-term confinement, primarily used after a youth has been arrested, but before a court has determined the youth’s innocence or guilt, is called … detention

One unique feature of policing approach in Russia is the system of territorial … over citizens

Many people think the terms “prison” and “jail” mean the same thing, but they actually refer to two very different aspects of the criminal … system

In the USA police officers need … to make an arrest

·      concrete evidence

·      probable cause

·      reliable evidence

The most evident and common agency that enforces the law in most of the countries of the world is the …

… are only used to hold inmates for a relatively short period of time, usually while they await their trial or sentencing

The career structure in the British police force provides working place ranging from … to sergeant, then through inspector and superintendent to chief constable

Match the words with their definitions:

A. Gang

B. Fingerprints

C. Crime scene

D. Convict

E. a group of people often associated with crime and drugs

F. marks left by fingers that identify a person

G. the place where a crime happened

H. a person who is doing (or supposed to be doing) jailtime

During police academy training in the UK, recruits required to test on themselves …

·      pepper spray

·      rubber bullets

·      fire arm

The Head of the Parliament in the UK is the …

·      queen

·      prime minister

·      speaker

Policy documents produced by the Government in the UK that set out their proposals for future legislation are called … papers

·      Red

·      White

·      Green

·      Purple

In the UK, one term in the lower chamber of the Parliament is … years

·      six

·      five

·      four

In the UK, MPs are elected every … years

·      three

·      four

·      five

The … law practice helps resolve legal issues that impact on people’s everyday lives such as debts, unpaid fines, discrimination

A … is a qualified legal adviser who has direct contact with his clients, combining legal expertise and some other skills

In the UK, lawyers that specialise in the legal side of moving home are called …

Consultation documents produced by the Government in the UK are called … papers

·      Red

·      White

·      Green

·      Purple

Solicitors can represent clients personally in the lower … and with specialist training are also able to … them in higher courts

Imagine that you are asked to describe the procedure on the stages of a Parliamentary Bill. Have a look and say which one is correct.

·      A bill is introduced in the commons. The first reading that is the formal announcing of the Bill to parliament. Explanatory notes are also produced to accompany the Bill. The second reading is the first opportunity for the Bill to be debated. At this point the Bill returns to the whole House to enable them to consider what changes have been made during the Committee stage. The third reading is the final stage in the House of Commons. MPs can view the Bill as amended after the two previous stages but cannot suggest further amendments. Once the Bill reaches the House of Lords it goes through the same stages as it did in the House of Commons

·      A bill is introduced in the commons. The first reading that is the formal announcing of the Bill to parliament. Explanatory notes are also produced to accompany the Bill. The second reading is the first opportunity for the Bill to be debated. It is at this stage that the principle of the Bill is discussed. After the Second Reading a committee of MPs will be selected to scrutinise the Bill. At this point the Bill returns to the whole House to enable them to consider what changes have been made during the Committee stage. The third reading is the final stage in the House of Commons. MPs can view the Bill as amended after the two previous stages but cannot suggest further amendments

·      A bill is introduced in the commons. The first reading that is the formal announcing of the Bill to parliament. Explanatory notes are also produced to accompany the Bill. The second reading is the first opportunity for the Bill to be debated. It is at this stage that the principle of the Bill is discussed. After the Second Reading a committee of MPs will be selected to scrutinise the Bill. At this point the Bill returns to the whole House to enable them to consider what changes have been made during the Committee stage. The third reading is the final stage in the House of Commons. MPs can view the Bill as amended after the two previous stages but cannot suggest further amendments. Once the Bill reaches the House of Lords it goes through the same stages as it did in the House of Commons

Arrange the milestone documents chronologically:

1.   The Bill of Rights (UK)

2.   The US Declaration of Independence

3.   The Universal Declaration on Human Rights

4.   The Russian Federation Constitution

In the UK, there are four Inns of Court: Middle Temple, … Temple, Gray’s Inn and Lincoln’s Inn

The English legal profession is divided into two branches: … and barristers

In the UK, only the is entitled to dissolve the lower Chamber

·      monarch

·      president

·      upper chamber

MPs’ elections are called … elections

·      local

·      general

·      territorial

The House of … represents the people of Britain

·      Lords

·      Commons

·      Nobles

The Bar Council regulates … and the Law Society regulates solicitors

A … bill consists of the short and long titles and the names of up to 12 supporters

·      dummy

·      tummy

·      bunny

Civil law guides … when people have suffered injury and financial loss caused by negligence

According to the information provided by Bar … barristers are specialist legal advisers and court room advocates

Match the words with their definitions:

A. Lord Chief Justice

B. The Journal

C. The Cabinet

D. Frontbencher

E. the Head of the Judiciary of England and Wales

F. the legal record of the proceedings of Parliament (events and decisions)

G. the team of ministers in the Government who are chosen by the Prime Minister to lead on specific policy areas

H. either a Government minister or an Opposition shadow spokesperson

Arrange the commercial courts according to their hierarchy:

1.   Commercial courts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation

2.   Commercial appellate courts

3.   Commercial cassation courts

4.   The Supreme Commercial Court of the Russian Federation

Each house elects a … to control the internal procedures of the house

·      speaker

·      president

·      chairman

The … deals primarily with issues of concern to the subnational jurisdictions

·      State Duma

·      Federal Assembly

·      Federation Council

The two … of the Federal Assembly possess different powers and responsibilities, with the State Duma the more powerful

·      Chambers

·      Committees

·      Inner houses

Deputies of the … work full-time on their legislative duties; they are not allowed to serve simultaneously in local legislatures or hold Government positions

·      Parliament

·      State Duma

·      Federal Assembly

The Federation Council has less power than the …

·      State Duma

·      Federal Assembly

·      Federation Council

The President of the Russian Federation shall be elected for … years by citizens of the Russian Federation on the basis of universal, equal, direct suffrage by secret ballot

·      four

·      five

·      six

The legislative process in Russia includes … hearings in the State Duma, then approvals by the Federation Council

Russia’s legislature is called the …

·      Senate

·      Congress

·      Federal Assembly

Match the words with their definitions:

A. Hopper

B. Veto

C. Subcommittee

D. Bicameral

E. a wooden box on the House floor into which measures are dropped for formal introduction

F. chief executive’s power to reject a bill passed by a legislature

G. division of existing committee that is formed to address specific issues

H. “two chambers;” in a legislative body, having two houses

The houses also form Parliamentary … and commissions to deal with particular types of issues

·      Chambers

·      Committees

·      Inner houses

The decision of the State Duma on advancing charges and the decision of the Council of the Federation on impeaching the … shall be adopted by two thirds of the votes of the total number of members of each chamber

The process by which a legislative body or other legally constituted tribunal initiates charges against a public official for misconduct is called …

Match the words with their definitions:

A. Session

B. Term

C. Direct tax

D. Impeach

E. the regular period of time during which a legislative body conducts business

F. the specified length of time served by elected officials in their elected offices

G. a tax that must be paid by the person on whom it is levied

H. formal charge brought against a public official by the lower house in a legislative body

The President of the Russian Federation shall be … of the Constitution of the Russian Federation

·      head

·      protector

·      guarantor

The legislative process constitutes one of the most important areas of attention of any country. Imagine you were asked by your foreign colleague to describe the way the laws are made in Russia. Below you can find several solutions. Find the correct description.

·      The legislative process in Russia includes three hearings in the State Duma, then approvals by the Federation Council, the upper house and sign into law by the President. Draft laws may originate in either legislative chamber, or they may be submitted by the president, the Government, local legislatures and the Supreme Court, the Constitutional Court, or the Superior Court of Arbitration within their respective competences. Draft laws are first considered in the State Duma. Upon adoption by a majority of the full State Duma membership, a draft law is considered by the Federation Council, which has fourteen days to place the bill on its calendar. Conciliation commissions are the prescribed procedure to work out differences in bills considered by both chambers

·      The legislative process in Russia includes two hearings in the State Duma, then approvals by the Federation Council, the upper house and sign into law by the President. Draft laws may originate in either legislative chamber, or they may be submitted by the president, the Government, local legislatures and the Supreme Court, the Constitutional Court, or the Superior Court of Arbitration within their respective competences. Draft laws are first considered in the State Duma. Upon adoption by a majority of the full Federal Council membership, a draft law is considered by the Federation Council, which has fourteen days to place the bill on its calendar. Conciliation commissions are the prescribed procedure to work out differences in bills considered by both chambers

·      The legislative process in Russia includes four hearings in the State Duma, then approvals by the Federation Council, the upper house and sign into law by the President. Draft laws may originate in either legislative chamber, or they may be submitted by the president, the Government, local legislatures and the Supreme Court, the Constitutional Court, or the Superior Court of Arbitration within their respective competences. Draft laws are first considered in the State Duma. Upon adoption by a majority of the full State Duma membership, a draft law is considered by the Federation Council, which has fourteen days to place the bill on its calendar. Conciliation commissions are the prescribed procedure to work out differences in bills considered by both chambers

In the Russian Federation, draft laws are first considered in the …

In case the State Duma rejects … times the candidates for the post of the Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation, dissolve the State Duma and appoint new elections

The State Duma votes on the compromise …

Russia’s Legislature has … parts

A political party in Russia that managed to gather the largest portion of the popular vote and secured a constitutional majority in the State Duma is …