АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК ДЛЯ МЕНЕДЖЕРОВ И ЛОГИСТОВ (B1-C1) тест с ответами Юрайт /Синергия

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1. Choose the correct form:

1) I refuse signing the contract until I discuss the details with my boss.

2) It’s not worth to postpone the meeting with new suppliers.

3) He agreed to prepare some minutes before the next meeting.

Выберите из выпадающего списка правильный ответ

2.Find the odd word:

Выберите один правильный ответ

collation

packing

picking

assorting

3.Rewrite these sentences using the Passive Voice using the pattern.

Pattern: We will ship your order when we receive full payment. Your order will be shipped.

The Chinese founded this company in 1978.

Введите ответ в виде текста (регистр не учитывается)

4.Match synonyms:

Соедините элементы попарно (неверно соединенную пару можно разбить, щелкнув на крестик)

condition

term

suggestion

offer

to be mandatory

to be compulsory

to absorb

to use

to state explicitly

to say clearly

5.Complete the sentences using the necessary terms below:

process, risk, operations, extreme project, program.

1) management (XPM) refers to a method of managing very complex and very uncertain projects.

2) management is an area of business that is concerned with the production of good quality goods and services, and involves the responsibility of ensuring that business operations are efficient and effective.

3) management is the process of managing multiple on-going interdependent projects. An example would be that of designing, manufacturing and providing support infrastructure for an automobile manufacturer.

4) management is the ensemble of activities of planning and monitoring the performance of a process, especially in the sense of business process, often confused with reengineering.

5) management is a management specialism aiming to reduce different risks related to a preselected domain to the level accepted by society. It may refer to numerous types of threats caused by environment, technology, humans, organizations, and politics.

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6.Complete the sentences with the words below:

another; the other; the others; other; others.

1) There are five general managers in their department: three of them are responsible for recruitment and selection, organize on the job training sessions and keep the staff updated with latest market trends.

2) Some companies believe that the more they are involved in the lives of their employees, the greater their (employees’) company loyalty is, while companies think that only a pay rise or a competitive salary can retain people at work.

3) There are two possible ways to recruit a new marketing director within the organization: the first one is a job posting and one is a search of existing files.

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7.Match the words from two columns to form a phrase:

Соедините элементы попарно (неверно соединенную пару можно разбить, щелкнув на крестик)

flat-rack

container

fossil

fuel

block

train

swap

body

8.Fill in the gaps with prepositions (conjunction):

1) to be designed a result of;

2) the standard is compared the performance;

3) according the paradigm.

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9.Find the odd word:

Выберите один правильный ответ

similarity

regularity

standardization

discrepancy

10.Match the words from two columns to form a phrase:

Соедините элементы попарно (неверно соединенную пару можно разбить, щелкнув на крестик)

occupational

accident

strategic

risk management

property

insurance

risk

management

11.Choose the correct word or phrase:

1) is a result of consumer behavior and is affected by a person’s preferences. Customers will consistently purchase products from their preferred brands, regardless of convenience or price.

2) occurs when a company prices a product a few cents or a few dollars below the next dollar amount. For example, instead of being priced $10.00, a product will be priced at $9.99.

3) is an experiment in which the company launches a new offering in a limited market in order to gain real-world knowledge of how the market will react to the product.

4) Some companies create sophisticated statistical models called , which are based on how customers have responded in the past to marketing strategies.

Выберите из выпадающего списка правильный ответ

12.Match words to make word combinations:

Соедините элементы попарно (неверно соединенную пару можно разбить, щелкнув на крестик)

departmental

objectives

legal

matters

timely

communication

administrative

functions

tarnished

image

business

activities

13.Put the verbs into the correct form in present tenses.

1) Let’s meet on Monday or Tuesday? — I’m sorry but neither of the days (to be) convenient to me.

2) Everybody (to know) that overwork can lead to burnout.

3) Both Cola and Pepsi (to spend) a great part of their budget on advertising.

Введите на месте пропуска текст (регистр не учитывается)

14.Match terms with definitions:

Соедините элементы попарно (неверно соединенную пару можно разбить, щелкнув на крестик)

Supplier

Enterprise that contributes goods or services in a supply chain.

Transportation

Act of conveyance of people or goods.

Freight forwarder

Warehousing

Haulier

Set of activities involved in receiving and storing of goods and preparing them for reshipment.

A person or company that organizes shipments for individuals or corporations to get goods from the manufacturer or producer to a market, customer or final point of distribution.

Independent contractor or a commercial entrepreneur who, based on a transport contract, carries out the transport via rail, road, sea, air, etc.

15.Complete the sentences using the necessary term below:

stowage, explosive, seal up, insulation, batch certificate.

1) Any substance or device that can produce a volume of rapidly expanding gas in an extremely brief period is .

2) A material or an object that does not easily allow heat, electricity, light, or sound to pass through it is known as .

3) Before you the box make sure that all the bottles are there.

4) is placement of cargo in an aircraft or ship in a manner that provides optimum safety for the vessel and the cargo, gives maximum space usage, and allows easy access to cargo at the point of offloading.

5) Certification of individual batches of a pharmaceutical product results in and is undertaken exceptionally by the competent authority of the exporting country.

Введите на месте пропуска текст (регистр не учитывается)

16.Match words:

Соедините элементы попарно (неверно соединенную пару можно разбить, щелкнув на крестик)

hidden

costs

continual

flow

supply

stream

17.Fill in the gaps with prepositions:

1) to benefit greatly disciplines;

2) to respond variations demand;

3) to originate the corporate level.

Введите на месте пропуска текст (регистр не учитывается)

18.Match synonyms:

Соедините элементы попарно (неверно соединенную пару можно разбить, щелкнув на крестик)

to review

to examine

to estimate

to appraise

to perceive

to observe

to update

to reengineer

19.Put the verb into the more suitable form: Present Simple, Present continuous, Future Simple, to be going to:

1) We (to move) to new premises next year.

2) Concerning our plans for this year, we (to relaunch) the product as soon as all modifications are finished.

3) Sorry, I can’t have lunch with you on Wednesday as I (to meet) my lawyer this time.

4) — What would you like to drink?

— I (to have) a cappuccino, please.

5) The conference (to last) 4 days, many representatives of small European companies are going to visit it.

Введите на месте пропуска текст (регистр не учитывается)

20.Complete the table with correct word forms.

Verb

to estimate

Noun

reason

assumption

Adjective

consistent

executive

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21.Match synonyms:

Соедините элементы попарно (неверно соединенную пару можно разбить, щелкнув на крестик)

transport option

carrier

consignment

shipment

seagoing vessel

ship

to oversee

to supervise

dimensions

width

22.Today, a growing number of firms now outsource some or all of their logistics to ... intermediaries.

Выберите один правильный ответ

third-party logistics providers

cross-functional teams

competitors

channel members

23.Find the odd word:

Выберите один правильный ответ

develop

rationalize

down-size

decrease

24.Choose the correct verb form.

And while I the USB stick with my presentation on it in London, I suddenly remembered it at home in Moscow.

Выберите из выпадающего списка правильный ответ

25.Complete the sentence using the necessary term:

_____________ is the strategy a company employs to market its products or services. There are two main types of it: traditional and nontraditional.

Введите ответ в виде текста (регистр не учитывается)

26.Match definitions with terms:

Соедините элементы попарно (неверно соединенную пару можно разбить, щелкнув на крестик)

A practice in the logistics of unloading materials from an incoming semi-trailer truck or railroad car and loading these materials directly into outbound trucks, trailers, or rail cars, with little or no storage in between.

Cross docking

Written instructions that, when followed by the maintenance personnel, will ensure that equipment operates as designed within.

Maintenance procedures

One of a logistic warehouse’s processes. It consists of taking and collecting articles in a specified quantity before shipment to satisfy customers’ orders.

Order picking

The process of assembling, holding, and organizing supplies and/or equipment, especially vehicles of transportation, for onward movement.

Marshalling

Options that complement a core service offering from a company but are not as vital, necessary or important.

Value added services

27.Complete the sentence by putting the verb into Present Simple or Present Continuous.

Our company customized and reliable IT solutions.

Введите на месте пропуска текст (регистр не учитывается)

28.Complete the sentences with the correct reflexive or reciprocal pronoun where necessary (or fill - where it is none).

Pattern: Sounds great! You are diligence itself. Have you done all the work yourself?

1) Help ! You can even prepare a packed lunch if you want!

2) Retailers shouldn’t be allowed to set a product price .

3) He couldn’t stop wondering how Zumospa managed to reposition it for the global market in such a short term.

Введите на месте пропуска текст (регистр не учитывается)

29.Choose the correct word:

1) Last year was we have ever had.

2) You know still waters run , but I get to know about their business I feel embarrassed.

3) Now she feels of her business partner than last year and wants to get information about his affairs.

4) they hurried obviously it was that they would be able to launch the product on time.

5) This is project I’ve ever invested in.

Выберите из выпадающего списка правильный ответ

30.Match synonyms:

Соедините элементы попарно (неверно соединенную пару можно разбить, щелкнув на крестик)

freight

cargo

crisis

downturn

yield

gain

recovery

rehab

31.Choose the correct form:

1) Do you work this evening?

2) The presentation went really well so I about my participation in the conference so much beforehand.

3) We the invoice within fifty days.

4) Our employees to wear formal clothes on Fridays.

5) I to get a work permit in China, I prepared a lot of documents that eventually turned out to be unnecessary.

Выберите из выпадающего списка правильный ответ

32.Complete the sentences using the necessary term below:

criteria, evaluation, avoidance, analysis.

1) Risk — systematic use of information to identify sources and to estimate the risk. It forms the basis for risk evaluation, risk treatment and risk acceptance.

2) Risk — process of comparing the estimated risk, against given risk criteria to determine the significance of the risk.

3) Risk — terms of reference by which the significance of risk is assessed. They can include associated costs and benefits, legal and statutory requirements, socio-economic and environmental aspects, the concerns of stakeholders, priorities and other inputs to the assessment.

4) Risk — decision not to become involved in, or action to withdraw from, a risk situation.

Введите на месте пропуска текст (регистр не учитывается)

33.Match synonyms:

Соедините элементы попарно (неверно соединенную пару можно разбить, щелкнув на крестик)

vast majority

greater quantity

to be proactive

prudent

within a short timescale

soon

to speed

to accelerate

approach

method

ideally

for best results

34.Match antonyms:

Соедините элементы попарно (неверно соединенную пару можно разбить, щелкнув на крестик)

reliable

insecure

cost-effective

unprofitable

market penetration

withdrawal from market

availability

unobtainability

malfunction

good condition

35.Choose the correct verb form.

A: Where ?

B: Moscow this month, then London the next.

Выберите из выпадающего списка правильный ответ

36.Find the odd word:

refining

reworking

redesigning

recycling

37. Fill in the gaps:

1) The is the most important document issued by a carrier either directly or through its authorized agent. It is a non-negotiable transport document. It covers transport of cargo from airport to airport.

2) The serves as a guarantee to the seller that it will be paid regardless of whether the buyer ultimately fails to pay. In this way, the risk that the buyer will fail to pay is transferred from the seller to the letter of credit’s issuer.

3) The accounting is a statement of the company’s financial activities while excluding ‘unusual and nonrecurring transactions’ when stating how much money the company actually made.

4) The rules have been developed and maintained by experts and practitioners brought together by ICC and have become the standard in international business rules setting.

38. Match words to form collocations.

Соедините элементы попарно (неверно соединенную пару можно разбить, щелкнув на крестик)

to ensure

to create

to allocate

to pursue

success

value

resources

objectives

39. Fill in the gaps with prepositions:

1) to merge disparate pieces a system;

2) to minimize the disruption the technical work;

3) to be made of a list of tasks the time available;

4) to concentrate the project team’s efforts the immediate tasks hand.

40. Match definitions with terms:

Соедините элементы попарно (неверно соединенную пару можно разбить, щелкнув на крестик)

A retailing and purchasing concept in which the range of products purchased by a business organization or sold by a retailer is broken down into discrete groups of similar or related products.

A supply of inputs held as a reserve to safeguard against unforeseen shortages or demands.

Individual or a group which actually consumes or uses a good or service, as distinct from the buyer or shopper who may only be a purchasing agent. - Ultimate consumer

Vendor managed inventory arrangement in which either the vendor continuously monitors a customer’s inventory or customer supplies current inventory data.

Materials or products which have received the final increments of value through manufacturing or processing operations, and which are being held in inventory for delivery, sale, or use.

- Category management

- Buffer stock

- Continuous replenishment

- Finished goods

41. Match words to make collocations:

Соедините элементы попарно (неверно соединенную пару можно разбить, щелкнув на крестик)

to maintain

to meet

to hold

- relationship

- expectations

- commitment

42.Find the odd word.

approach

strategy

plan

leadership

43. Fill in the gap.

A series of interrelated sequential steps that a decision maker can use to respond to a structured program is known as .

44. Match synonyms:

Соедините элементы попарно (неверно соединенную пару можно разбить, щелкнув на крестик)

Complexity

Tradesman

Deficiency

Expenditure

Impact

- sophistication

- vendor

- deficit

- cost

- effect

45. Choose the correct option in each sentence:

1) we use standard containers for shipment, but this cargo needs a temperature-controlled one.

2) Could you rearrange his timetable he can negotiate with our Japanese partners on Wednesday?

3) I can advise you on the mode of transport and a shipping company. I worked in logistics for a short time several years ago.

46. The variability in demand orders among supply chain participants:

refers to the bullwhip effect

cannot be controlled

is more pronounced in relational exchanges

can be controlled with electronic order placement

47. Choose the correct word:

1) product they sell passes a strict quality control.

2) In our management team of 10 people, employee is responsible for a particular task.

3) Although I don’t speak German I understood most of what they discussed but not word.

48. Fill in the gaps with prepositions:

1) to stand from the package;

2) to be applied directly the package;

3) to be variance with the details;

4) to be stated accordance the provisions.

49. Adjective or adverb. Choose the correct word:

1) Unlike other regulated and financed corporations, ours depends on market prices.

2) , but the results presented in report differ from prepared by outside consultant calculations.

3) The accepted idea is: one wants to move a career ladder, they need to work .

50.Match definitions with terms.

Соедините элементы попарно (неверно соединенную пару можно разбить, щелкнув на крестик)

Document produced for reporting on progress towards the achievement of business plans and highlighting future priorities of the organization.

A systematic and organized approach that allows management to focus on achievable goals and to attain the best possible results from available resources.

The long-term goal and objectives of the enterprise, the allocation of resources, and the adoption of appropriate courses of action to carry out these goals.

Plan prepared for publication detailing the Aims / Objectives, Actions and Key Performance Indicators of the Department, Board or Office concerned.

A strategic and integrated approach to delivering sustained success in organizations by improving the performance of the people who work in them.

- Annual Report

- Management by objectives

- Managerial strategy

- Department / Board / Office plan

- Performance Management

51.Complete the sentences using the necessary terms below:

a pilot plant, throughput, product range, piece-work.

1) is work for which employees are paid in accordance with the number of products produced or pieces of work done and not at an hourly rate.

2) A complete portfolio of products that a company manufactures and/or markets is known as .

3) A is a small industrial system that is operated to generate information about the behavior of the system for use in design of larger facilities.

4) Output or production over a period of time is called . It is the movement of inputs and outputs through a production process.

52. Make word combinations:

Соедините элементы попарно (неверно соединенную пару можно разбить, щелкнув на крестик)

Free

Economic

Transshipment

Tax

Transportation

Export

- port

- reform

- activities

- incentive

- hub

- market

53. Fill in the gaps with prepositions:

1) to depend a variety of factors;

2) to fit all requirements the best price.

Введите на месте пропуска текст (регистр не учитывается)

54. Match synonyms:

Соедините элементы попарно (неверно соединенную пару можно разбить, щелкнув на крестик)

Benchmark

Rivalry

Insight

Hypothetically

Lately

- standard

- competition

– perception

- arguably

- recently

55.Choose the correct word.

is something that a decision maker seeks to accomplish or to obtain by means of his decision.

56. Find the odd word:

discharge

resignation

delegation

retirement

57. Complete the sentences using the necessary term below:

merit system, contingency approach, organization, performance appraisal.

1) The use of different administrative strategies under different conditions; the study of the relationship between factors such as the task an agency performs or the technology it uses and the style of supervision, type of organizational design, and other administrative strategies is .

2) is professional system of personnel administration, free from political interference, in which selection and progress in the service are based upon the performance, expertise, and technical qualifications of each employee, measured objectively. It is accompanied by the development of a position classification and salary standardization system and administered through offices of personnel administration and a central civil service commission.

3) Specific evaluation with respect to an individual’s progress in completing specified tasks is called .

4) We know as the entity that makes it possible for a group or team to work together more effectively than they might work alone in order to achieve goals.

Введите на месте пропуска текст (регистр не учитывается)

58. Match words to make collocations:

Соедините элементы попарно (неверно соединенную пару можно разбить, щелкнув на крестик)

to achieve

to meet

to reduce

to provide

to predict

- success

- the needs

- downtime

- services

- failures

59. Complete the sentences with the construction ‘should / shouldn’t / ought / must + Infinitive’ or ‘should / shouldn’t + Perfect Infinitive’. Change the form of the main verb if it is necessary.

1) Unemployment rates are increasing, the government to do something about this problem.

2) I (buy) a ticket in advance, as summer is a busy season and all convenient flights are already booked.

3) Their conversation was private, nobody (listen) to it but now they know about the deal.

60.Match synonyms:

Соедините элементы попарно (неверно соединенную пару можно разбить, щелкнув на крестик)

Goods

Currency

to clearly specify

utmost concern

seller

- commodities

- money

- to implicitly define

- great worry

- vendor

61. Match collocations:

Соедините элементы попарно (неверно соединенную пару можно разбить, щелкнув на крестик)

Consumer

Industrial

High

Market

- requirements

- firm

- quality

- share

62. Find the odd word:

option

election

selection

choice

63. Fill in the gaps:

1) Distribution was broadly represented by the haulage and manufacturers’ own-account .

2) There was recognition of a relationship between the various functions, which enabled a approach and total perspective to be used.

64. Match synonyms:

Соедините элементы попарно (неверно соединенную пару можно разбить, щелкнув на крестик)

to enhance

domain

essentially

to be beneficial

technique

costly

- to extend

- sphere

- primarily

- to be advantageous

– method

– expensive

65. Choose the correct word or phrase:

1) cost is a cost incurred by a business when manufacturing a good or producing a service. These costs combine raw material and labour.

2) cost is an expense that can be traced directly to (or identified with) a specific cost center or cost object such as a department, process, or product.

3) It is well-known that production means the manufacture of products requiring the sequential performance of different processes on a series of multiple machines receiving the material for manufacture through a closed channel.

4) production is an activity that involves a continuous movement of items through the production process. This means that when one task is complete the next task must start immediately.

66. Find the odd word:

bundling

batching

shredding

grouping

67. Match terms with definitions:

Соедините элементы попарно (неверно соединенную пару можно разбить, щелкнув на крестик)

Administrative morality

Decentralization

Public administration

Human resource management

Organizational culture

- The use of ethical, political, or social precepts to create standards by which the quality of public administration may be judged.

- It occurs when a significant amount of authority is delegated to lower levels of the organization.

- The management and administration of public programs.

- It includes typical personnel functions, such as recruitment, selection compensation, training, development, research and audit, and separation.

- Basic patterns of attitudes, beliefs, and values that underlie an organization’s operation.

68. Match definitions with terms:

Соедините элементы попарно (неверно соединенную пару можно разбить, щелкнув на крестик)

Entails processing small to large quantities of product, often truck or train loads and disassembling them, picking the relevant product for each destination and re-packaging with shipping label affixed and invoice included.

A process to change (waste) materials into new products to prevent waste of potentially useful materials, reduce the consumption of fresh raw materials, reduce energy usage, reduce air pollution and water pollution reducing the need for ‘conventional’ waste disposal.

A firm that provides service to its customers of outsourced logistics services for part, or all of their supply chain management functions.

Complete support to fit your specific needs.

A document issued by a carrier giving details and instructions relating to the shipment of a consignment of goods. Typically it will show the names of the consignor and consignee

- Pick and pack

- Recycling

- A third-party logistics provider

- End-to-end solution

- A waybill

69. Fill in the gaps

1) is any individual, group or organization that can affect, be affected by, or perceive itself to be affected by, a risk.

2) A person or a group having an interest in the performance or success of an organization is called .

3) — category of nonprofit assets at risk that includes real (buildings, improvements and betterments), personal (furniture, fixtures, valuable papers and records, equipment, and supplies) and intangible (copyrights, business goodwill and trademarks).

4) Accident to an employee that occurs within and arises out of the course of employment is .

70. Fill in the gaps:

1) — Characteristic or condition that fails to meet a standard, or is not in compliance with a requirement or specification.

2) — Defect prevention level where all output is within specification limits.

3) — A metric used in Six Sigma and other process improvement methodologies.

4) transcends the product quality approach, involves everyone in the organization, and encompasses its every function: administration, communications, distribution, manufacturing, marketing, planning, training, etc.

71. Fill in the gaps with prepositions:

1) To sell a profit.

2) To have advantages competitors.

3) To offer personalized services less cost.

4) To arrange delivery.

5) To have sales bulk.

72. Complete the sentences with the correct reflexive or reciprocal pronoun where necessary (or fill - where it is none).

Pattern: Sounds great! You are diligence itself. Have you done all the work yourself?

1) It was a great session: nobody criticized or judged ideas! We really enjoyed .

2) There was a total lack of communication. The manufacturer and wholesalers didn’t understand .

3) If she is dissatisfied with the client service, she may complain .

73. Find the odd word combination.

gap analysis

PEST analysis

ANOVA analysis

SWOT analysis

74. Fill in the gaps:

1) System is a process which targets a particular function in the management. It may be like warehousing, transportation, raw material provider, etc.

2) A practice in logistics of unloading materials from an incoming semitrailer truck or railroad car and loading these materials directly into out-bound trucks, trailers, or rail cars, with little or no storage in between is called .

3) Typically a will show the names of the consignor and consignee, the point of origin of the consignment, its destination, and route.

75. Fill in the gaps with prepositions:

1) freight small batches;

2) to correspond refineries and harbors.

76. Adjective or adverb. Choose the correct word:

1) The financial assistant reported that the company saw a ____ improvement in its share price last month.

2) The partner cut them ____, saying that a ____ decrease in sales can be explained by a season and that he feels ____ about half-year results.

3) It is a ____ promising business and really looks ____ to what I’ve dealt with in this sphere.

77. Substitute wrong terms in bold with correct ones:

1) A basic roll-cage pallet / consists of a set of blades that can be aligned to slide under a pallet, lifting the pallet off the ground by several inches.

2) Stretch wrap / is applied loosely around an item and shrinks tightly with heat.

3) Retrieval system / may be done to change type of conveyance, to sort material intended for different destinations, or to combine material from different origins into transport vehicles (or containers) with the same, or similar destination.

4) Print-on-demands / are often introduced to customers after they have purchased the core services around which these ancillary offerings are built.

78. Complete the sentences using the necessary term below:

packing list; cost, insurance, freight; pro forma; the Incoterms.

1) is a shipping document that accompanies delivery packages, usually inside an attached shipping pouch or inside the package itself.

2) The term , Latin for ‘as a matter of form’ or ‘for the sake of form’, is a term applied to practices or documents that are done as a pure formality, perfunctorily, or seek to satisfy the minimum requirements or to conform to a convention or doctrine.

3) A shorthand term for signifying that the price invoiced or quoted by a seller includes insurance and all other charges up to the named port of destination is known as .

4) rules are an internationally recognized standard and are used worldwide in international and domestic contracts for the sale of goods. First published in 1936, these rules provide internationally accepted definitions and rules of interpretation for most common commercial terms.

79.Find the odd word:

acceptance

exclusion

recognition

certification

80. Choose the correct phrase.

____ is a contemporary and modern approach to problem-solving that assumes that problems are complex and related to a situation.

81.Complete the sentences with a form of the verb in brackets using the pattern.

Pattern: I wish we (to do) had done more direct marketing last year.

1) She wishes she (not to have) so many meetings.

2) I wish I (not to stay up) late yesterday.

3) It is so stuffy here. I wish I (to work) in a bigger office.

82. Find the odd word:

aged

obsolete

old-fashioned

out-of-date

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83. Complete the sentence by putting the verbs into the correct form (Past Simple / Past Continuous / Past Perfect Simple / Past Perfect Continuous).

John of signing the contract for a long time before he finally the decision.

84. Fill in the gaps with prepositions:

1) to comply agreements;

2) can be sensitive heat and moisture;

3) to be risk of breakage;

4) not to be tipped or slung.

85. Choose the correct option in each sentence:

1) My secretary has been off work for the last two days ____ a flu.

2) ____ our turnover is up to 12%, there are serious privacy issues at stake.

3) Unfortunately, the situation on the job market is serious ____ crisis measures are necessary.

86.Complete the sentence using the necessary term:

__________ are designed and produced for selling to large numbers of people. A typical one of them is Coca Cola.

87.Complete the sentences using the necessary terms below:

benchmarking, certification, reliability, qualification process.

1) The ability of an apparatus, machine, or system to consistently perform its intended or required function or mission, on demand and without degradation or failure is .

2) is a method by which entities, goods, and materials are examined to ascertain if they meet the required specifications to be identified as qualified.

3) Formal procedure by which an accredited or authorized person or agency assesses and verifies the attributes, characteristics, quality, qualification, etc., in accordance with established requirements or standards is called .

4) A measurement of the quality of an organization’s policies, products, programs, strategies, etc., and their comparison with standard measurements, or similar measurements of its peers is .