Иностранный язык в профессиональной сфере. Синергия

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1 семестр. Темы:

Тема 1. Legal System (Законодательная система)

Тема 2. Law enforcement (Органы правопорядка)

Тема 3. The Legislative branch in the UK (Законодательная ветвь власти в Великобритании)

Тема 4. The Legislative Branch in Russia (Законодательная ветвь власти в России)

Traditionally, members of the British police must gain a certain level of academic … at school and undergo a period of intensive training

·      qualifications

·      certificates

·      aptitude

Before submitting a … with an arbitrazh court, a party may have to comply with a pretrial claim procedure

The Supreme Court acts as a … court in cases where regulatory acts of the president of the Russian Federation, are challenged

·      trial

·      commercial

·      turned

Match people to their descriptions:

A. Pickpocket

B. Thief

C. Juvenile delinquent

D. Intruder

E. a thief who steals from people’s pockets in transit or in crowds

F. somebody who steals

G. a minor who commits a crime

H. a person who enters a house or business illegally 

In the UK, currently there is a … Government in power

Any criminal trial begins with the …

·      opening arguments of the defense attorney

·      interviewing the witnesses

·      selection of the jury

Roman civil law allowed great … in adopting new ideas or extending legal principles in the complex environment of the empire

·      rigidity

·      flexibility

·      partiality

A correctional facility for young offenders or delinquents, often under the supervision of a special court. is called … detention

The most accurate definition for the Rule of Law is …

·      “a rule made by Parliament”

·      “guidance on how rules should be applied”

·      “the law must be made up of strict rules with punishment for breach of those rules”

·      “an idealistic concept of how the legal system should function to further civilized society”

The first Parliament of the UK was called together in …

·      1530

·      1465

·      1160

·      1265

The … of the Government of the Russian Federation may raise before the State Duma the issue of no-confidence to the Government of the Russian Federation

The principles of the … developed into the laws of Henry II

In Russia, the two chambers of the legislature also have the power to override a presidential … of legislation

·      veto

·      vote

·      election

One of the most discussed powers of the police is the power to question or … persons suspected of crime

·      interview

·      look for

·      send off

The … of the Russian Federation is a judicial body of constitutional review, which independently exercises judicial power by means of constitutional judicial proceedings

·      Supreme Court

·      Constitutional Court

·      Administrative Court

In the UK, … is considered the “upper chamber”

·      the House of Lords

·      the House of Knights

·      the House of Commons

·      the Senate

In the UK, there is no fixed number of members in the House of … and the number fluctuates because of deaths, retirements and new appointments

The duties of police officers include … (choose 3 correct answers)

·      highway patrol

·      traffic enforcement

·      patrol of small towns

·      serve civil process

It is not correct that … belongs to the courts of the general jurisdiction

·      trial court

·      mediation court

·      court of cassation appeal

·      court of supervisory appeal

The … of the Russian Federation is the highest judicial body for civil, criminal and administrative cases, cases for economic disputes and other cases

·      Supreme Court

·      Constitutional Court

·      Administrative Court

The purpose of … law is to regulate the relationship between States and, therefore, it is binding upon States

It is not correct that … is a service performed by forensics

·      care for the sick and injured

·      examine and analyse evidence from crime scenes

·      assist in the investigation and prosecution of perpetrators of crime

The term “…” can generally be defined as any proceeding over which a judge presides

Match the words with their definitions:

A. clerk

B. Budget

C. The Cabinet

D. Frontbencher

E. the senior permanent official of Parliament who advises on procedure and records the decisions of the house, and is the administrative head of the Parliament Secretariat

F. a plan placed before Parliament each year showing what money the government expects to receive (revenue) and how the government wants to spend it (expenditure)

G. the team of ministers in the Government who are chosen by the Prime Minister to lead on specific policy areas

H. either a Government minister or an Opposition shadow spokesperson

Arrange the police officers according to their rank in the UK (start from the lowest rank):

1.   Sergeant

2.   Assistant Chief Constable

3.   Deputy Chief Constable

4.   Chief Constable

One unique feature of policing approach in Russia is the system of territorial … over citizens

Match the words with the definitions:

A. An amendment

B. A bill

C. A clause

D. A debate

E. a change to the wording of a Bill or a motion that is proposed by an MP or member of the House of Lords

F. a proposal for a new law, or a proposal to significantly change an existing law

G. part of a Bill

H. a formal discussion of a specific proposal (motion) in the House of Commons or House of Lords

Religions have much to say about right and wrong, but believers can sometimes be torn between the laws of their country and those of their …

·      rule

·      faith

·      order

The jurisdiction of the State Duma includes deciding the issue of confidence in the … of the Russian Federation

In the UK, MPs are elected every … years

·      three

·      four

·      five

Written laws are those laws that have been validly enacted by the … of a country

·      legislature

·      judiciary

·      executive

The most evident and common agency that enforces the law in most of the countries of the world is the …

In the UK, the Commons is chaired by the …

·      queen

·      speaker

·      chairman

In Russia, the courts c have … levels

·      four

·      five

·      six

Constitutional courts of constituent entities resolve issues of …

·      compliance with the constituent entity’s laws

·      national authorities

·      political divisions

Early Roman law was drawn from … and statutes, but later during the times of the empire, the emperors asserted their authority as the ultimate source of law

·      custom

·      cases

·      tales

Match the words with their definitions:

A. Escape

B. Bail

C. Back-up

D. Cell

E. get away from a holding place

F. large amount of money that someone pays as a promise to appear in court

G. police that are called in to support or help

H. individual room in a jail or prison

A … is an order that serves as a specific type of authorization and is regarded as a writ issued by a competent officer that permits an otherwise illegal act that would violate individual rights

The State Commercial Courts in Russia are called …

·      Arbitrazh

·      Commercials

·      Labour

Two bodies of the British Parliament are …

·      The Senate and the House of Representatives

·      The House of Lords and the House of Commons

·      The Legislative and Executive branches

·      The House of Commoners and the House of Lords

Arrange the historical documents chronologically starting from last to first:

1.   Constitution of Sparta

2.   Roman Twelve Tables of Law

3.   Code of Justinian

4.   Magna Carta

… law, also known as private law, regulates disputes between private individuals or entities

In the UK, the key responsibility of the upper chamber is

·      to create bills

·      to regulate taxes

·      to decide the fate of criminals

·      to suspend bills passed in the lower chamber

The British Parliament – like that of larger countries – is …; it has two chambers

In the UK, nowadays, almost all the members of House of Lords are life …

A … is a place for the purpose of imprisoning someone, typically someone who has been convicted of a minor offense or someone who is awaiting trial for the crime they are accused of having committed

The International Criminal … investigates and, where warranted, tries individuals charged with the gravest crimes of concern to the international community

Arrange the commercial courts in Russia according to their hierarchy (start from the lowest ones):

1.   The Supreme Commercial Court of the Russian Federation

2.   Commercial cassation courts

3.   Commercial appellate courts

4.   Commercial courts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation

Due to the necessary repairs the House of Commons will move to … House and the House of Lords will relocate to the Queen Elizabeth II conference center

·      Richmond

·      Salisbury

·      York

… regulates the relationship between different independent countries and is usually in the form of treaties, international customs

·      National relationship

·      International relationship

·      Domestic relationship

In the UK, every citizen aged 18 or over can vote once in the … in which they live

Special powers of the State Duma are enumerated in the …

·      Constitution

·      Local acts

·      Federal acts

The part of the legal system that relates to punishing people who break the law is called the … law

Match the words with the definitions:

A. Judiciary

B. Legislature

C. Juror

D. the branch of government which administers justice according to law

E. an assembly with the authority to make laws for a political entity such as a country or city

F. one of a group of persons sworn to deliver a verdict in a case submitted to them; member of a jury

In Russia, … laws shall be adopted by the State Duma

… is a typical responsibility of the county sheriffs office

·      Operating a jail

·      Responding to calls in a municipality

·      Talking to criminals in the criminal and civil process

A chief … is a police officer in charge of the police in a particular area

In the UK, “lower chamber” …

·      creates bills

·      votes on legislation

·      it has no real power

·      holds the power to dissolve the government

Arrange the police officers according to their rank in the UK (start from the highest rank):

1.   Chief Constable

2.   Chief Superintendent

3.   Chief Superintendent

4.   Inspector

5.   Chief Constable

Some countries use a method of election called … representation which means that there is a reasonable correlation between the percentage of votes cast for a particular political party and the number of seats or representatives won by that party

Writ “…” is Latin for “you may have the body”

… law is the aspect of law which emanates from and has effect on members of a specific state

·      Municipal

·      Local

·      Interior

The British Parliament, often referred to as the “… of Parliaments,” consists of the sovereign, the House of Lords, and the House of Commons.

The Archbishop discusses the implications of some interpretations of Western … legal systems

·      holy

·      secular

·      religious

The term common law means the law developed by the old common law courts of the King’s Bench, the Courts of Common Pleas and the Courts of …

… law is the area of the law that covers most civil suits in the UK

Arrange the courts in the UK according to their hierarchy (start from the lowest ones):

1.   Magistrates’ courts

2.   Crown court

3.   Court of Appeal

4.   Supreme Court

Arrange the milestone documents chronologically starting from last to first:

1.   The Universal Declaration on Human Rights

2.   The Russian Federation Constitution

3.   The Bill of Rights (UK)

4.   The US Declaration of Independence

In Russia, the courts of general jurisdiction have … levels

·      four

·      five

·      six

The … of the Russian Federation may take a decision on the resignation of the Government of the Russian Federation

Judges may be citizens of the Russian Federation over … years of age with a higher education in law

Most counties in the United States are patrolled by a … department under the leadership of an elected official

·      sheriffs

·      police

·      constable’s

·      state police

Match the courts with their functions:

A. District courts

B. Arbitration courts

C. The Supreme Court of the Russian Federation

D. The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation

E. handle most civil, criminal and administrative cases

F. hear cases dealing with a wide matter of contractual issues, such as rights of ownership, contract changes, performance of obligations, etc.

G. heads the system of courts of general jurisdiction and the system of commercial courts

H. resolves cases regarding the constitutionality of normative legal acts of all levels

In the UK, since 1945, there has been the … Convention that the House of Lords will not oppose a measure that was specifically mentioned in the last election manifesto of the political party forming the Government

Arrange chronologically according to the establishment date:

1.   The US Congress

2.   The UK Parliament

3.   The European Court of Human Rights

4.   The Federal Assembly (Russia)

The building where the British Parliament sits is called …

·      Big Ben

·      Westminster

·      Downtown

КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТНЫЙ ТЕСТ

According to Article 13 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation the principle of political pluralism is enshrined. What does it mean?

·      Pluralism as a political philosophy is the recognition and affirmation of diversity within a political body, which is seen to permit the peaceful coexistence of different interests, convictions, and lifestyles. The ban is established on the recognition of any ideology as official. The freedom of political opinions and actions is proclaimed. The basis for the existence of a multi-party system in the country has been approved

·      Pluralism as a political philosophy is the recognition and affirmation of diversity within a political body, which is seen to permit the peaceful coexistence of different interests, convictions, and lifestyles. The rights and freedoms of man and citizen are recognized

·      Pluralism as a political philosophy is the recognition and affirmation of diversity within a political body, which is seen to permit the peaceful coexistence of different interests, convictions, and lifestyles. There is no state religion. The rights and freedoms of man and citizen are recognized

A 30-year-old man is arrested and detained by police officers on suspicion that he has stolen a car. He was seen by the neighbour, who says he went to the same school as him, and who reported it to the police. The police take the man to the local police station, where they intend to interrogate him about the suspected offence. Assess if he has a right to a lawyer and, if so, at what point in the process that right applies according to the RF laws.

·      He doesn’t have a right to a state lawyer. If he has money, he can have a private lawyer. He is allowed to remain silent until the lawyer arrives

·      He has a right to a lawyer. If he has no lawyer of his own, he will be assigned a state lawyer. He is allowed to remain silent until the lawyer arrives

·      He has a right to a lawyer. If he has no lawyer of his own, he will be assigned a state lawyer. He is to be interviewed at the moment when he comes to the police department even in the absence of his lawyer

Read the following piece of the text about the USA: Senate Bill X has passed out of the Senate. Senators were happy with the way that it was drafted and did not amend it at all. It has gone through the committee review process in the House of Delegates. An amendment was made, and the Delegates agreed that the amendment made the bill much better, so they passed it out of the House. What may happen at this point?

·      First, the House will report the passage of the bill to the Senate and request their concurrence in the amendments. Next, the Senate will vote on whether or not they agree with the changes that the House has made. If they do agree, the bill moves on to be signed into law by the Governor. At this point, the Senate is not allowed to request that the House recede from their amendments or withdraw the amendments that they passed. The House doesn’t vote on whether or not to recede from their amendment

·      First, the House will report the passage of the bill to the Senate and request their concurrence in the amendments. The Senate may also request that the House recede from their amendments or withdraw the amendments that they passed. The House then votes on whether or not to recede from their amendment

·      First, the House will report the passage of the bill to the Senate and request their concurrence in the amendments. Next, the Senate will vote on whether or not they agree with the changes that the House has made. If they do agree, the bill moves on to be signed into law by the Governor. At this point, the Senate may also request that the House recede from their amendments or withdraw the amendments that they passed. The House then votes on whether or not to recede from their amendment

Law of the Twelve Tables, Latin Lex XII Tabularum, the earliest written legislation of ancient Roman law, traditionally dated 451–450 BC. The Twelve Tables allegedly were written by 10 commissioners at the insistence of the plebeians, who felt their legal rights were hampered by the fact that court judgments were rendered according to unwritten custom preserved only within a small group of learned patricians. According to the Law of the Ten Tables, what was to be done to a person found guilty of giving false testimony?

·      A person who had been found guilty of giving false witness shall be killed by his enemy

·      A person who had been found guilty of giving false witness shall be sent to prison for 10 long years

·      A person who had been found guilty of giving false witness shall be hurled down from the Tarpeian Rock

A legislature is an assembly with the authority to make laws for a political entity such as a country or city. They are often contrasted with the executive and judicial powers of government. What is the difference in the legislative system of the Russian Federation and the United Kingdom?

·      The executive power is vested in the Federal Assembly. It consists of 2 chambers. The Upper Chamber is Council of Federation; the lower chamber is the State-Duma. A bill must be approved by both Chambers and signed by the president than it becomes a law. The President may veto the bill. The United Kingdom is not a constitutional monarchy. Britain is administered from the palace of Westminster in London. Parliament is made up of two chambers – the House of Commons and the House of Lords

·      The legislative power is vested in the Federal Assembly. It consists of 2 chambers. The Upper Chamber is Council of Federation; the lower chamber is the State-Duma. A bill must be approved by both Chambers and signed by the president than it becomes a law. The President may veto the bill. The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. Britain is administered from the palace of Westminster in London. Parliament is made up of two chambers – the House of Commons and the House of Lords

·      The legislative power is vested in the Federal Assembly. It consists of 2 chambers. The Upper Chamber is Council of Federation; the lower chamber is the State-Duma. A bill must be approved by both Chambers and signed by the president than it becomes a law. The President may veto the bill. The United Kingdom is a federal republic. Britain is administered from the palace of Westminster in London. Parliament is made up of two chambers – the House of Commons and the House of Lords

Imagine your American friend decided to become a police officer in the USA. What steps should he make?

·      It’s a seven-step hiring process. The first step is an online questionnaire. After that you take the written test and once you pass it, you move to the next step. The third step is the polygraph, after which you are sent to the department interview and the medical interview. A background investigator will do an approximate three-month-long investigation where they look at every place you’ve ever lived, every employer that’s ever hired you, your references, your neighbours, your friends

·      It’s a six-step hiring process. The first step is an online questionnaire. After that you take the written test and once you pass it, you move to the next step. The third step is the polygraph, after which you are sent to the department interview and the medical interview. They’ll study your social media accounts, everything that you can possibly think of, to make sure that we really know who we’re hiring

·      It’s a five-step hiring process. The first step is an online questionnaire. After that you take the written test and once you pass it, you move to the next step. The third step is the polygraph, after which you are sent to the department interview and the medical interview

Some of the different types of government include a direct democracy, a representative democracy, socialism, communism, a monarchy, an oligarchy, and an autocracy. What characterizes the Republican form of government established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation?

·      Work and health of people are protected. A guaranteed minimum wage is established. State support is provided for the family, motherhood, fatherhood and childhood, the disabled and the elderly

·      The highest authorities are elected or appointed for a fixed term. State pensions, allowances and other guarantees of social protection are established

·      The head of state is elected by the people. The highest authorities are elected or appointed for a fixed term

Intentions are mental states in which the agent commits themselves to a course of action. According to the Roman law, did the intention produce legal consequences?

·      The basis for Roman law was the idea that the exact form, not the intention, of words or of actions produced legal consequences. Romans recognized that there are witnesses to actions and words, but not to intentions

·      The basis for Roman law was the idea that the intention, not the form produced legal consequences. Romans recognized that there are witnesses to intentions as well as to actions and words

·      The basis for Roman law was the idea that the intention, the words and the form produced legal consequences. Romans recognized that there are witnesses to intentions as well as to actions and words