[ТулГУ] Иностранный (английский) язык (контрольная, перевод) Translate part 3 - Hot Work, Safe Work

ТулГУ. Иностранный (английский) язык . Контрольная работа, перевод. Translate part 3 - Hot Work, Safe Work.

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Hot Work, Safe Work

Recently, hot work has been a topic of concern among the fire and inspectional communities. Hot work was blamed for, or suspected as the cause of, a series of large fires involving residential housing complexes under construction around the country, resulting in tens of millions of dollars in losses. In Boston, hot work was blamed for a 2014 residential fire that killed two firefighters. Last year, the city’s fire prevention code was amended to require all persons engaged in hot work operations to obtain a Hot Work Safety Certificate. So far, more than 13,000 workers in a variety of construction industry jobs have participated in the NFPA-designed hot work certificate program.

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Need for investigation

The CSB began investigating hot work hazards following a July 17, 2001, explosion at the Motiva Enterprises refinery in Delaware City, Delaware. A work crew was repairing a catwalk above a sulfuric acid storage tank farm when a spark from their hot work ignited flammable vapors in one of the tanks. Corrosion had caused holes in the roof and shell of the tank, allowing sulfuric acid to leak. The tank collapsed, and one of the contract workers was killed; eight others were injured, and a significant volume of sulfuric acid was released to the environment.

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Hot work best practices

In February 2010, the CSB released “Seven Key Lessons to Prevent Worker Deaths during Hot Work in and Around Tanks,” a safety bulletin that provided summaries and findings from 11 investigations. (It also notes that 60 fatalities occurred due to hot work between 1990 and 2010.) In addition, the bulletin provided seven key lessons aimed at preventing worker deaths during hot work in and around storage tanks containing flammable materials. These include:

Use Alternatives: Whenever possible, avoid hot work and consider alternative methods.

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The truth: Many types of hot work, such as welding, grinding, and torch cutting, produce sparks, slag, or spatter that can reach well beyond the immediate work area. For that reason, NFPA 51B establishes a minimum safe distance of 35 feet in all directions from the location of the hot work. In other words, combustible materials must be moved at least 35 feet away from the work to prevent contact with the hot work residue, such as sparks or slag. That distance is only a minimum, and conditions such as wind or proximity to dry grass might necessitate a greater distance. While working at an elevated location, for instance, where sparks can fall vertically, I have seen hot work residue travel distances in excess of 100 feet.