For the most history … has been both painful and … in order to act as deterrent to others. Physical punishments and public humiliations were social events and carried out in

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victim; felons; offender; beheading; adultery; pillory; punishment; execution; deliberately; condemned; ancient; medieval; guilty; legal; public

For the most history … has been both painful and … in order to act as

deterrent to others. Physical punishments and public humiliations were social

events and carried out in most accessible parts of towns, often on market days

when the greater part of the population was present. Justice had to be seen to be

done.

One of the most bizarre methods of … was inflicted in ancient Rome on

people found … of murdering their fathers. Their punishment was to be put in a

sack with a rooster, a viper, and a dog, and then drowned along with the three

animals. In … Greece the custom of allowing a … man to end his own life by

poison was extended only to full citizens. The philosopher Socrates died in this

way. Condemned slaves were beaten to death instead. Stoning was the ancient

method of punishment for … among other crimes.

In Turkey if a butcher was found guilty of selling bad meat, he was tied to a

post with a piece of stinking meat fixed under his nose, or a baker having sold

short weight bread could be nailed to his door by his ear.

One of the most common punishments for petty offences was the …, which

stood in the main square of towns. The … was locked by hands and head into the

device and made to stand sometimes for days, while crowds jeered and pelted the

offender with rotten vegetables or worse.

In … Europe some methods of execution were … drawn out to inflict

maximum suffering. … were tied to a heavy wheel and rolled around the streets

until they were crushed to death. Others were strangled, very slowly. One of the

most terrible punishments was hanging and quartering. The … was hanged,

beheaded and the body cut into four pieces. It remained a … method of punishment

in Britain until 1814 … was normally reserved for those of high rank. In England

‘block and axe’ was the common method but this was different from France and

Germany where the victim kneeled and the head was taken off with a swing of the

sword.

THE PURPOSE OF STATE PUNISHMENT

wrongdoer; misdeeds; deterrent; retribution; death penalty; corporal punishment;

rehabilitate; reform; barbaric; law-abiding; humane; crime doesn't pay

What is the purpose of punishment? One purpose is obviously to … the

offender, to correct the offender's moral attitudes and anti-social behaviour and to

… him or her, which means to assist the offender to return to normal life as a

useful member of the community.

Punishment can also be seen as a … because it warns other people of what

will happen if they are tempted to break the law and prevents them from doing so.

However, the third purpose of punishment lies, perhaps, in society's desire for …,

which basically means revenge. In other words, don't we feel that a … should

The form of punishment should also be considered. On the one hand, some

believe that we should “make the punishment fit the crime”. Those who steal from

others should be deprived of their own property to ensure that criminals are left in

no doubt that … . For those who attack others … should be used. Murderers should

be subject to the principle “an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth” and

automatically receive the … .

On the other hand, it is said that such views are unreasonable, cruel and …

and that we should show a more … attitude to punishment and try to understand

why a person commits a crime and how society has failed to enable him to live a

respectable, … life.