Иностранный язык в профессиональной деятельности (направление прикладная информатика)тест с ответами Синергия/МОИ/ МТИ /МОСАП
ИТОГОВЫЙ ТЕСТ+компетентностный+промежуточные по темам:
- Тема 1. History of computers (История компьютеров)
- Тема 2. Information dependent society (Информационно-зависимое общество)
- Тема 3. Development of microelectronics (Развитие микроэлектроники)
- Тема 4. What is operating system (Что такое операционная система)
- Тема 5. The information management challenges (Проблемы управления информацией)
- Тема 6. Real time operating system (Операционная система в реальном времени)
Последний раз тест был сдан на 78 баллов из 100 "Хорошо"
Год сдачи -2023.
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The slide rule in its basic form uses … logarithmic scales to allow fast multiplication and division of numbers
Burroughs converted to electronic desk … and in the mid to late 1970s their products dropped from the market
In 1936, Alan Turing invented a universal machine, which was later called …
The first recognized use of the word “computer” was from …
A general-purpose computing device called the analytical engine was developed in 1837 by …
The … is a small-scale special-purpose electronic digital machine for the solution of systems of linear algebraic equations and the first electronic computer incorporating vacuum tubes for digital computation
… are made for program logic and for computer memory
Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “The power of computers (double) … roughly every 18 months to 2 years since the 1960s”
Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “What will the computers of the future (look) … like?”
Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “Displays (attain) … VGA resolution by 1988, and 256-color screens were available by 1993”
Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “Resolutions and colors of computers (progress) … quickly by 2022”
Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “Years ago this service (can) … be used to run algorithms and experiments, and explore tutorials and simulations around what might be possible with quantum computing”
Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “Around the same period Intel (create) … three microprocessor designs”
Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “The microchip which (be) … a key component in the development of the personal computer”
Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “In 1944 Howard Aiken (develop) … Mark l that could perform calculations involving large numbers”
Match machines to their characteristics:
Match computers to their characteristics:
Arrange the computers in chronological order of their creation:
Arrange the computers in chronological order of their creation:
The description of a type of microcomputer is down below: “This type of microcomputer is just like a Mobile Device, but bigger than Smartphone and smaller then Notebook Computer. Just like Totally Smartphone feature like Touch screen display, power full Battery Backup and we can calling and receiving call and click pictures and anything”. Find out, what kind of microcomputer it is.
The term “information…” refers to the social, economic, technological, and cultural changes that have occurred as a result of the rapid development and extensive use of information and communication technologies
Speaking about the development of the information society in Russia, I. N. Kurnosov writes that “the strategy for the formation of the information society in the transition period to a new system of property relations … take into account the special role and responsibility of the state”
The information society is established in those countries – … – in which a post-industrial society was formed in the 60s and 70s
The network can serve as a means of … propaganda materials of criminal organizations, recipes for the manufacture of explosives and poisonous substances, weapons, narcotic and psychotropic drugs, and methods for breaking electronic and other ciphers
One of the advantages of Russia is an advantageous geographical location between trade and information and telecommunication flows …
It … be noted that the problem of inequality in access to new information technologies is acute not only at the international level, but also at the micro level within each individual state
The term “developed post-industrial society” was introduced by …
The largest number of internet users currently in …
According to the … criterion highlighted by W. Martin, the main characteristics of the information society are information technology, which is widely used in production, institutions, the education system and in everyday life
The total value of goods and services produced by a country in one year is … (give the abbreviation)
Information … must be viewed from two perspectives: as an independent industry, with its science, engineering, and manufacturing capabilities and as a basis for transformation of almost all areas of human activity
A system of consumption and production that is based on intellectual capital is … economy
The unfair situation in society when some people have more opportunities, money, etc. than other people, is called …
The “information economy” and “post-industrial society”, two concepts from that period, are still key parts of the information … concept
The stage of society’s development when the service sector generates more wealth than the manufacturing sector of the economy is called … society
A process of spreading the use of digital technology such as computers and the internet to do something is called …
Match the main characteristics of the information society according to the following criteria by W. Martin:
Match the sentence with the time it was written:
According to the research company comScore Networks in 2019, the number of Internet users worldwide amounted to 747 million people. The United States has the largest audience of Internet users – 153.4 million people, that is, almost every second American regularly goes online. In second place is China – in China today 86.8 million Internet users. Russia still occupies 13th place in terms of the number of people connected to the Network – 12.7 million people. However, Africa with 800 million people accounts for only 1 % of the total number of its users in the world, with 90 % of them living in South Africa. Identify the type of information society problem in the above case study.
… is the unfair situation in society when some people have more opportunities, money, etc. than other people
The last decade’s technological advancements have played a … part in the formation of modern society
The development of integrated circuits and storage devices has continued at an exponential rate; each subsequent halving of component size now takes …
Nanoelectronics is the most … breakthrough in technical development
The early transistors were not only larger than the smallest tubes, but they were also more …
The transistor’s most significant advantage over the best vacuum tubes was that it consumed far …
The introduction of microelectronic circuits did not, for the most part, modify the … of the basic functional units: transistors, resistors, capacitors, and other similar components were still used in microelectronic devices
Bell Telephone Laboratories’ John Bardeen, Walter H. Brattain, and William Shockley devised the bipolar transistor in …
… integrated circuits are the name for the initial generations of commercially produced microelectronic devices (SSI)
The advent of ways for creating the numerous functional units on a crystal of semiconductor materials was critical to the development of …
Charge carriers from both polarities are involved in the operation of … transistors
The metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect …, which stands for MOSFET, is the most common in microelectronics
Prior to the transistor’s discovery in 1947, the only way to execute its function in an electronic circuit was to use a … tube
Bell Telephone Laboratories’ John Bardeen, Walter H. Brattain, and William Shockley devised the … transistor in 1948
“Molecular …” is a term for data storage technologies that use molecular species as the data storage element, rather than e.g. circuits, magnetics, inorganic materials or physical shapes
Medium-scale integrated circuits have more than around 10 … on a chip but fewer than approximately 200 (MSI)
Match the abbreviations and transcripts:
Match the parts of one sentence:
Match the highlighted words with their meaning in the sentence:
Arrange the stages in the history of transistors in chronological order:
Below is a description of one of the technologies: “It is a subfield of electronics. These devices are typically made from semiconductor materials. These include transistors, capacitors, inductors, resistors, diodes and (naturally) insulators and conductors. As a result, this kind of IT has the potential to lower skill requirements in some vocations while raising them in others. It has influenced our daily lives in a variety of ways, making our routines a little more pleasant”. Which technology is described in the text?
A user cannot send direct instructions to the hardware … various activities
Because of the expense, the system’s productivity had to be increased … cost effectiveness
The introduction of time-sharing systems, in particular, has long been regarded as a watershed moment in the evolution of … systems
The …, which was introduced in the mid-1950s, made computers more reliable
Microsoft Windows eventually surpassed Mac OS … the world’s most popular personal computer operating system, with over 90 % market share
… created the first operating system for the IBM 701
… was developed by Bell Labs and was the first significant operating system to be written almost entirely in high-level language
The Apple Macintosh, a low-cost workstation that emerged from early Alto computer concepts, was released in …
The type of operating system that is not directly linked to the computer is the … operating system
There are some of the potential benefits of distributed operating systems, for example … (choose 2 correct answers)
Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “There was no such thing when the first computers (develop) … following WWII”
Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “A more systematic structure (form) … with the creation of ambitious operating systems in the mid-1960s”
Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “Huge machines capable of conducting numerical calculations (construct) … in the mid-1940s”
Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “The transistor, which (introduce) … in the mid-1950s, made computers more reliable”
Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “The addition of support for Linux programs, which (reveal) … in 2018, was a big advance”
Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “A UNIX based operating system, Solaris (originally develop) … by Sun Microsystems in the mid-’90s”
Open the brackets, put the verb in the correct form in sentence: “LibreOffice, Firefox, Thunderbird, Transmission, and lightweight games like Sudoku and chess (include) … by default, while GNOME Files is the default file manager”
Match the names of operating systems with their descriptions:
Identify the sequence of generations of computers (by their description):
The description of the generation of computers is down below: “Computers of this generation appeared, when IBM introduced the System/360, a line of software-compatible computers with varying levels of capability and price. Because the machines shared the same architecture and instruction set, programs created for one could be run on the other”. Which generation of computers is described in the text?
It is important to ensure that the … data is accurate and relevant
Making information accessible is a challenge that frequently causes problems for …
Engineers still have problems … with the use of standards, and quite often with their misuse and misunderstanding
Data administrators, as well as policymakers, must keep a balance between two … aims
Nothing is more … to a user than to try to use a new system that has turned functionality that previously was easy to use, into an obscure procedure that is difficult to use
… is the person responsible for accomplishing all project objectives
The standard markup language for documents designed to be displayed in a web browser is …
… is a person who creates the high-level design of a technical system
… is an organized collection of data stored and accessed electronically
Four different data groupings are possible based on the four different …
Data … is the process of combining data from multiple sources into a single system or in close proximity to one another, such as on a display, so that the user may access them from a single platform
… is a difficulty that develops when a solution that works for a small data set fails to function for a much larger data set due to a combinatorial explosion, such as in comparands
It is necessary to establish information-sharing procedures that are basic and straightforward to use in order to ensure that … is accessed
Duplication of effort, cost inefficiencies, lost business opportunities, medical catastrophes, and military disasters result from data access …
Joint organizations use standards on multiple levels – international, … and industry
The standard markup language for documents designed to be displayed in a web browser is called … (give the abbreviation)
Establish a correspondence between data types and their description:
Match the notions with the situations that describe them:
Arrange the stages of the development of the internet in chronological order:
A participle is a verb form that can be used as an adjective, to create verb tense, or to create the passive voice. There are two types of participles: Present participle (ending -ing) and Past participle (usually ending -ed, -d, -t, -en, or -n). Find the passage, where there are both Participle 1 and Participle 2.
Real-time operating systems (RTOS) … a special type of system software that is used to create and manage RTS
The time interval determines how often each of the active processes … receive control under the given time slicing parameters
Inheritance … that a thread that blocks a resource inherits the priority of the thread it blocks
Some of the RTOS are distributed all over the world, the number of installations reaches hundreds of thousands, which is not bad for industrial systems, while others are designed for a specific microcontroller model and the number of copies sold … exceed two or three dozen
The disadvantage of the Self-Hosted RTOS is that most of the listed OS features are not used during the operation of an industrial computer and, therefore, … computer resources in vain
QNX … produced by QNX SoftWare Systems (USA) and is designed for high-critical applications that operate smoothly for years
The microkernel, process manager, device manager, file system manager, network manager belong to …
RTOS are operating systems that are characterized by … (choose 3 correct answers)
The interrupt latency is the time interval from …
When a new driver is added to the system, no side effects can occur in the form of, for example, a conflict with other …
… is a bottleneck in most operating systems and usually creates significant problems for RTOS
The … protocol is not based on any of the common network protocols such as IPX or NetBios and has a number of qualities that make it unique (give the abbreviation)
… is a commercial Unix-like real-time operating system, aimed primarily at the embedded systems market, have been implemented in many hundreds of companies, including such well-known and large ones as Du Pont, Ferranti-Packard, General Motors, Kodak and others
… by Microware System Corporation (USA) belongs to the class of UNIX-like systems and is a highly configurable high-performance real-time system
Match the systems and their characteristics:
Match the operating systems and their release dates:
Match the units of data measurement with their characteristics:
Match the operating systems and their characteristics:
Arrange the units of measurement of the data in ascending order:
A real-time operating system (RTOS) is an operating system (OS) for real-time applications that processes data and events that have critically defined time constraints Give a proper explanation of the predictability of RTOS.
… technology was used in the first generation of computers
The first calculating device was …
A mechanical calculator invented by Blaise Pascal in 1642 is called …
Match computers to their creators:
Match the sentence with the time it was written:
The second most important direction for strengthening accounting policies in the information society is the massive use of …
The unfair situation in society when some people have more opportunities, money, etc. than other people is called …
The stage of society’s development when the service sector generates more wealth than the manufacturing sector of the economy is called … society
Cell phones are …, making it possible to provide everyone with communication channels
Match the approaches to understanding the information society and their authors:
Match the people and the terms they put in use:
According to current rates of growth in microelectronics, … of the world’s population will own a notebook-size computer with the capacity of today’s huge computers in roughly a decade
Bell Telephone Laboratories’ John Bardeen, Walter H. Brattain, and William Shockley devised the … in 1948
A … is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements electrical resistance as a circuit element
A … is a device that stores electrical energy in an electric field
The … transistor was conceived about 25 years before bipolar transistors, but mass production did not become feasible until the early 1960s
Match the terms and definitions:
A magnetic tape is one that had to be … attached
In November 1985, Microsoft released … – computer operating system
… OS is an Android-based mobile operating system designed for Amazon’s phones
Transferred data might contain some important …
… is a technical person who builds new software systems
… is something that needs great mental or physical effort in order to be done successfully and therefore tests a person’s ability
… AE has been ported to leading high-availability CompactPCI platforms such as the CPX8000 from Motorola Computer Group
…. ensure the uninterrupted operation of vital systems, therefore, if a failure occurs or some illegal operations are performed, the OS must diagnose them, if necessary, block the program or isolate applications from each other, initiate recovery and protection of other programs or the system itself
… systems are computerized systems used in manufacturing to track and document the transformation of raw materials to finished goods
… memory is a memory management technique that provides an idealized abstraction of the storage resources that are actually available on a given machine which creates the illusion to users of a very large (main) memory
Match the concepts with their characteristics:
Arrange the operating systems in chronological order of their release dates:
Arrange the states of tasks in typical RTOS designs in chronological order:
An information society is a society where the usage, creation, distribution, manipulation and integration of information is a significant activity. Which of the following statements is not true about the Information Society?
Prior to the transistor’s discovery in 1947, the only way to execute amplification of a weak current in an electronic circuit was to use a vacuum tube. What were the initial advantages transistors demonstrated over small vacuum tubes?
A company deals with tasks which take a long time to complete. Each worker has their duties that can be done offline. It’s essential for managers to estimate how long a task will take to be completed. The company uses a time-sharing system and all the users are able to finish their work in the system at the same time. However they noticed their gadgets to slow down fast. Also the workers notice the inconvenience while managing large workloads. What may be causing these problems? What decision should the company make?
The OS-9 family of real-time operating systems has been in use for over 20 years, with more than 5 million installed copies. The range of OS-9 applications is wide – industrial automation, instrumental and measuring systems, military and space systems. Why has the OS-9 been so popular and widely used?
