💯 Иностранный язык в профессиональной сфере [Тема 1-4] (ответы на тесты Синергия / МОИ / МТИ / МосАП, октябрь 2023)

Иностранный язык в профессиональной сфере > Итоговый тест / Компетентностный тест

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Иностранный язык в профессиональной сфере

• Введение в курс
• Тема 1. Legal System (Законодательная система)
• Тема 2. Law enforcement (Органы правопорядка)
• Тема 3. The Legislative branch in the UK (Законодательная ветвь власти в Великобритании)
• Тема 4. The Legislative Branch in Russia (Законодательная ветвь власти в России)
• Заключение
• Итоговая аттестация

… is a typical responsibility of the county sheriffs office

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Operating a jail
• Responding to calls in a municipality
• Talking to criminals in the criminal and civil process

… law is the area of the law that covers most civil suits in the UK

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

… law is the aspect of law which emanates from and has effect on members of a specific state

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Municipal
• Local
• Interior

A … is a place for the purpose of imprisoning someone, typically someone who has been convicted of a minor offense or someone who is awaiting trial for the crime they are accused of having committed

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

A 30-year-old man is arrested and detained by police officers on suspicion that he has stolen a car. He was seen by the neighbour, who says he went to the same school as him, and who reported it to the police. The police take the man to the local police station, where they intend to interrogate him about the suspected offence. Assess if he has a right to a lawyer and, if so, at what point in the process that right applies according to the RF laws.

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• He doesn’t have a right to a state lawyer. If he has money, he can have a private lawyer. He is allowed to remain silent until the lawyer arrives
• He has a right to a lawyer. If he has no lawyer of his own, he will be assigned a state lawyer. He is allowed to remain silent until the lawyer arrives
• He has a right to a lawyer. If he has no lawyer of his own, he will be assigned a state lawyer. He is to be interviewed at the moment when he comes to the police department even in the absence of his lawyer

A chief … is a police officer in charge of the police in a particular area

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

A legislature is an assembly with the authority to make laws for a political entity such as a country or city. They are often contrasted with the executive and judicial powers of government. What is the difference in the legislative system of the Russian Federation and the United Kingdom?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• The executive power is vested in the Federal Assembly. It consists of 2 chambers. The Upper Chamber is Council of Federation; the lower chamber is the State-Duma. A bill must be approved by both Chambers and signed by the president than it becomes a law. The President may veto the bill. The United Kingdom is not a constitutional monarchy. Britain is administered from the palace of Westminster in London. Parliament is made up of two chambers – the House of Commons and the House of Lords
• The legislative power is vested in the Federal Assembly. It consists of 2 chambers. The Upper Chamber is Council of Federation; the lower chamber is the State-Duma. A bill must be approved by both Chambers and signed by the president than it becomes a law. The President may veto the bill. The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. Britain is administered from the palace of Westminster in London. Parliament is made up of two chambers – the House of Commons and the House of Lords
• The legislative power is vested in the Federal Assembly. It consists of 2 chambers. The Upper Chamber is Council of Federation; the lower chamber is the State-Duma. A bill must be approved by both Chambers and signed by the president than it becomes a law. The President may veto the bill. The United Kingdom is a federal republic. Britain is administered from the palace of Westminster in London. Parliament is made up of two chambers – the House of Commons and the House of Lords

According to Article 13 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation the principle of political pluralism is enshrined. What does it mean?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Pluralism as a political philosophy is the recognition and affirmation of diversity within a political body, which is seen to permit the peaceful coexistence of different interests, convictions, and lifestyles. The ban is established on the recognition of any ideology as official. The freedom of political opinions and actions is proclaimed. The basis for the existence of a multi-party system in the country has been approved
• Pluralism as a political philosophy is the recognition and affirmation of diversity within a political body, which is seen to permit the peaceful coexistence of different interests, convictions, and lifestyles. The rights and freedoms of man and citizen are recognized
• Pluralism as a political philosophy is the recognition and affirmation of diversity within a political body, which is seen to permit the peaceful coexistence of different interests, convictions, and lifestyles. There is no state religion. The rights and freedoms of man and citizen are recognized

Any criminal trial begins with the …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• opening arguments of the defense attorney
• interviewing the witnesses
• selection of the jury

Arrange the police officers according to their rank in the UK (start from the highest rank):

Тип ответа: Сортировка

• 1 Chief Constable
• 2 Chief Superintendent
• 3 Superintendent
• 4 Inspector
• 5 Constable

Imagine your American friend decided to become a police officer in the USA. What steps should he make?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• It’s a seven-step hiring process. The first step is an online questionnaire. After that you take the written test and once you pass it, you move to the next step. The third step is the polygraph, after which you are sent to the department interview and the medical interview. A background investigator will do an approximate three-month-long investigation where they look at every place you’ve ever lived, every employer that’s ever hired you, your references, your neighbours, your friends
• It’s a six-step hiring process. The first step is an online questionnaire. After that you take the written test and once you pass it, you move to the next step. The third step is the polygraph, after which you are sent to the department interview and the medical interview. They’ll study your social media accounts, everything that you can possibly think of, to make sure that we really know who we’re hiring
• It’s a five-step hiring process. The first step is an online questionnaire. After that you take the written test and once you pass it, you move to the next step. The third step is the polygraph, after which you are sent to the department interview and the medical interview

In the UK, “lower chamber” …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• creates bills
• votes on legislation
• it has no real power
• holds the power to dissolve the government

In the UK, currently there is a … Government in power

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

In the UK, every citizen aged 18 or over can vote once in the … in which they live

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

In the UK, MPs are elected every … years

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• three
• four
• five

In the UK, the Commons is chaired by the …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• queen
• speaker
• chairman

In the UK, the key responsibility of the upper chamber is

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• to create bills
• to regulate taxes
• to decide the fate of criminals
• to suspend bills passed in the lower chamber

In the UK, there is no fixed number of members in the House of … and the number fluctuates because of deaths, retirements and new appointments

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Intentions are mental states in which the agent commits themselves to a course of action. According to the Roman law, did the intention produce legal consequences?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• The basis for Roman law was the idea that the exact form, not the intention, of words or of actions produced legal consequences. Romans recognized that there are witnesses to actions and words, but not to intentions
• The basis for Roman law was the idea that the intention, not the form produced legal consequences. Romans recognized that there are witnesses to intentions as well as to actions and words
• The basis for Roman law was the idea that the intention, the words and the form produced legal consequences. Romans recognized that there are witnesses to intentions as well as to actions and words

Law of the Twelve Tables, Latin Lex XII Tabularum, the earliest written legislation of ancient Roman law, traditionally dated 451–450 BC. The Twelve Tables allegedly were written by 10 commissioners at the insistence of the plebeians, who felt their legal rights were hampered by the fact that court judgments were rendered according to unwritten custom preserved only within a small group of learned patricians. According to the Law of the Ten Tables, what was to be done to a person found guilty of giving false testimony?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• A person who had been found guilty of giving false witness shall be killed by his enemy
• A person who had been found guilty of giving false witness shall be sent to prison for 10 long years
• A person who had been found guilty of giving false witness shall be hurled down from the Tarpeian Rock

Match the courts with their functions:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. District courts
• B. Arbitration courts
• C. The Supreme Court of the Russian Federation
• D. The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation
• E. handle most civil, criminal and administrative cases
• F. hear cases dealing with a wide matter of contractual issues, such as rights of ownership, contract changes, performance of obligations, etc.
• G. heads the system of courts of general jurisdiction and the system of commercial courts
• H. resolves cases regarding the constitutionality of normative legal acts of all levels

Match the types of law with examples:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. Acquisition and possession
• B. Land rights
• C. Procedure
• D. Public law
• E. when one makes a bond and a conveyance of property, as he has made formal declaration so let it be binding
• F. a man might gather up fruit that was falling down onto another man’s farm
• G. if anyone summons a man before the magistrate, he must go; if the man summoned does not go, let the one summoning him call the bystanders to witness and then take him by force
• H. putting to death of any man, whosoever he might be unconvicted is forbidden

Match the types of law with examples:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. Sacred law
• B. Tort law
• C. Land rights
• D. Private law
• E. the women shall not tear their faces nor wail on account of the funeral
• F. the use of another person’s property without their permission
• G. let them keep the road in order; if they have not paved it, a man may drive his team where he likes
• H. one party files a suit claiming a breach of contract, the first question the judge must answer is whether a contract existed between the parties

Match the words with the definitions:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. Judiciary
• B. Legislature
• C. Juror
• D. the branch of government which administers justice according to law
• E. an assembly with the authority to make laws for a political entity such as a country or city
• F. one of a group of persons sworn to deliver a verdict in a case submitted to them; member of a jury

Match the words with their definitions:

Тип ответа: Сопоставление

• A. Clerk
• B. Budget
• C. The Cabinet
• D. Frontbencher
• E. the senior permanent official of Parliament who advises on procedure and records the decisions of the house, and is the administrative head of the Parliament Secretariat
• F. a plan placed before Parliament each year showing what money the government expects to receive (revenue) and how the government wants to spend it (expenditure)
• G. the team of ministers in the Government who are chosen by the Prime Minister to lead on specific policy areas
• H. either a Government minister or an Opposition shadow spokesperson

Read the following piece of the text about the USA: Senate Bill X has passed out of the Senate. Senators were happy with the way that it was drafted and did not amend it at all. It has gone through the committee review process in the House of Delegates. An amendment was made, and the Delegates agreed that the amendment made the bill much better, so they passed it out of the House. What may happen at this point?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• First, the House will report the passage of the bill to the Senate and request their concurrence in the amendments. Next, the Senate will vote on whether or not they agree with the changes that the House has made. If they do agree, the bill moves on to be signed into law by the Governor. At this point, the Senate is not allowed to request that the House recede from their amendments or withdraw the amendments that they passed. The House doesn’t vote on whether or not to recede from their amendment
• First, the House will report the passage of the bill to the Senate and request their concurrence in the amendments. The Senate may also request that the House recede from their amendments or withdraw the amendments that they passed. The House then votes on whether or not to recede from their amendment
• First, the House will report the passage of the bill to the Senate and request their concurrence in the amendments. Next, the Senate will vote on whether or not they agree with the changes that the House has made. If they do agree, the bill moves on to be signed into law by the Governor. At this point, the Senate may also request that the House recede from their amendments or withdraw the amendments that they passed. The House then votes on whether or not to recede from their amendment

Roman civil law allowed great … in adopting new ideas or extending legal principles in the complex environment of the empire

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• rigidity
• flexibility
• partiality

Some of the different types of government include a direct democracy, a representative democracy, socialism, communism, a monarchy, an oligarchy, and an autocracy. What characterizes the Republican form of government established by the Constitution of the Russian Federation?

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Work and health of people are protected. A guaranteed minimum wage is established. State support is provided for the family, motherhood, fatherhood and childhood, the disabled and the elderly
• The highest authorities are elected or appointed for a fixed term. State pensions, allowances and other guarantees of social protection are established
• The head of state is elected by the people. The highest authorities are elected or appointed for a fixed term

Special powers of the State Duma are enumerated in the …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• Constitution
• Local acts
• Federal acts

The … of the Government of the Russian Federation may raise before the State Duma the issue of no-confidence to the Government of the Russian Federation

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

The first Parliament of the UK was called together in …

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• 1530
• 1465
• 1160
• 1265

The most evident and common agency that enforces the law in most of the countries of the world is the …

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

The Supreme Court acts as a … court in cases where regulatory acts of the president of the Russian Federation, are challenged

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• trial
• commercial
• turned

The term common law means the law developed by the old common law courts of the King’s Bench, the Courts of Common Pleas and the Courts of …

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Writ “…” is Latin for “you may have the body”

Тип ответа: Текcтовый ответ

Written laws are those laws that have been validly enacted by the … of a country

Тип ответа: Одиночный выбор • с выбором одного правильного ответа из нескольких предложенных вариантов

• legislature
• judiciary
• executive