Task 2. Write an abstract to PHYSICS OF THE EARTH

THE PHYSICS OF THE EARTH

In a broad sense, the methods of geophysics are used to detect the very deep structure of the earth itself, to study earthquakes and earths magnetic field, and to give us a better understanding of our physical environment. These particular geophysical fields of knowledge are not directly applicable in the search for mineral deposits, but they frequently provide a useful background of indirect information. For example, we now know that earthquakes occur along zones of weakness on earth, often between continents and oceans, in regions that are also related to places where ore minerals are being deposited. Mineralized districts on the earth bear a relationship to areas where there has been past mountain building, and we can now see and predict places where ore deposits are in the process of being formed. Thus, through the study of the physical processes of earth movements and the broader, deeper aspects of geophysics we will learn more about the distribution and the regional location of mineralized areas.

Regional geophysical surveys, in which data are gathered somewhat sparsely over a large area, are often part of a preliminary resource evaluation program of an underdeveloped area. These surveys are carried out for the general purposes of learning the background subsurface physical characteristics of an area. Maps made from these gravity, magnetic, electrical, or radiometric data are also useful for making geologic maps. This procedure could be called “geological mapping by geophysical methods”.

Regional geophysical survey maps are generally not too complex in detail. But mainly these surveys are useful in providing fundamental geological information about a region, and can also be useful in planning more detailed exploration and general engineering programs.

In mineral exploration, geophysics is used as part of the overall program. team effort has been the most successful approach to exploration, and here geophysics plays its role as a cooperative member of the technical group.

Abridged from: Petroleum Engineering: Course book, TPU Publishing House, 2010.

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