контрольная работа по английскому языку

1. Перепишите и устно переведите следующие условные предложения. Напротив каждого из них напишите тип условия (реальное, маловероятное, нереальное.) Подчеркните предложение, для которого верно утверждение “The children played football at a distance from the house.”
1.The children will break the window if they don’t play football at a distance from he house.
2.The children wouldn’t have broken the window if they had played football at a distance from the house.
3.The children would have broken the window if they hadn’t played football at a distance from the house.
2. Перепишите предложения и переведите, обращая внимание на различные значения should, would.
1.You should work harder if you want to pass your exam.
2.It would be useful to have juice instead of coffee but I like it so much.
3. He would sit for hours on the shore looking at the water.
3. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, принимая во внимание, что инфинитивные и причастные обороты соответствуют придаточным предложениям.
1.A new type of crane having been tested, the builders put it into operation.
2.Unless treated, the water cannot be used for drinking and domestic purposes.
3. This is the branch of building engineering to be taken into consideration.
4. The bearing capacity of the ground was too low for the builders to start the construction work of a tower block
4. Перепишите предложения и переведите, обращая внимание на различные значения подчеркнутых слов.
1.The chief engineer is either at the office or at the laboratory.
2. As soon as you finish your calculations, we shall begin the tests.
3.All the calculations were made by means of an electronic computer.
4.In order to protect the surface from heat and cold it was covered with special substance.
5. The engine didn’t operate because of the bad fuel.
5.Прочитайте и устно переведите весь текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1-3 абзацы.
Reinforced Concrete
1.Reinforced concrete is a combination of two of the strongest structural materials, concrete and steel.
2.This term is applied to a construction in which steel bars or heavy steel mesh are properly embeded in concrete. The steel is put in position and concrete is poured around and over it, then tamped in place so that the steel is completely embedded. When the concrete hardens and sets, the resulting material gains great strength. This new structural concrete came into practical application at the turn of the 19th century. The first results of the tests of the reinforced concrete beams were published in 1887. Since that time the development of reinforced concrete work has made great progress. And the reasons of this progress are quite evident. Concrete has poor elastic and tensional properties, but it is rigid, strong in compression, durable under and above ground and in the presence or absence of air and water, it increases its strength with age, it is fireproof.
3.Steel has great tensional, compressive and elastic properties, but it is not durable being exposed to moisture, it loses its strength with age, or being subjected to high temperature. So, what is the effect of the addition of steel reinforcement to concrete?
4.Steel does not undergo shrinkage or drying but concrete does and therefore the steel acts as a restraining medium in a reinforced concrete member. Shrinkage causes tensile stresses in the concrete which are balanced by compressive stresses in the steel. For getting the best from reinforced concrete the following consideration should be kept in mind:
1. For general use the most suitable proportions of cement and aggregate are: 1 part cement, 2 parts sand and 4 parts of gravel.
2. Only fresh water free from organic matter should be used for reinforced work. Sea water is not allowed.
3. Homogeneity of the concrete is a very important requirement. Steel constructions with reinforced concrete have become the most widely used building materials invented in centuries.
6. Перепишите вопрос и выберите правильный ответ.
Whydoweaddsteeltoreinforcedconcrete?
1.tobalancetensilestresses in the concrete.
2.because concrete loses its strength with age.
3.because it doesn’t undergo drying.(true)