контрольная работа по английскому языку

1.Перепишите и письменно переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на сложные формы инфинитива.
1.The road surface to be repaired was destroyed many years ago by heavy vehicles.
2.Please be quieter, they seem to be working.
3. He wanted to be invited to the party.
2.Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения, содержащие объектный и субъектный инфинитивные обороты.
1.Stone for the erection of the Egyptian pyramids is believed to have been brought from long distances.
2.We believe the stone for the Egyptian pyramids to have been brought from long distances.
3. Science has shown the electron to be peculiar combination of mass and electrical charge.
4.The electron is known to be a peculiar combination of mass and electrical charge.
3.Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения, содержащие зависимый и независимый причастные обороты.
1.An engineer builds houses and cities, an architect planning their construction
2.Using prefab elements builders can put up a house in just 3 months.
3.The chemist mixing oxygen and hydrogen, water can be produced in the laboratory.
4.Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения, содержащие герундий и герундиальный оборот.
1.We heard of the search for new sources of energy being started.
2.The material was destroyed by having been exposed to atmospheric changes.
5. Прочитайте и устно переведите весь текст. Письменно переведите 1 абзац.
OnBridgeBuilding
1.Today bridge building is considered to be a science; but while it is of very recent origin, it must not be thought that the previous centuries made no contribution to our knowledge of bridge construction. Everyone knows that there are in existence bridges that are believed to have been constructed over two thousand years ago. Even the idea of bridge has been given to man by nature. A tree accidentally fallen across a stream served to provide a safe crossing. To drop another tree at its side and to use strong creepers to bind them together must have been man’s first step in bridge building. Homer, who lived some time between 800 and 1000 B.C. writes that bridges were common in his day and mentions in particular pontoon bridges that were used for the passage of armies. Herodotes describes a bridge over the Euphrates, which must have been built at Babylon about 780 B.C. It was a short span structure thirty feet wide made of timber resting on stone piers to carry its load. Another and later form of bridge and one requiring a higher degree of skill was the arch. The Romans are known to have brought this construction to its high degree of perfection.
2.The history of Russian bridge building is closely connected with the name of Kulibin, one of the most talented self-taught engineers.
3.From his early childhood Kulibin showed a keen interest in all kinds of mechanical devices and liked to build models of mills, water mills, and different machine parts to be assembled into mechanisms. To acquire skill and knowledge became the boy’s greatest desire. He realized that in order to master the secret of mechanisms it was necessary to study mathematics and physics.