Переведите выделенный отрывок текста на русский язык, задайте 10 вопросов разных типов на английском языке и подготовьте письменный пересказ главной идеи текста на английском языке.

ТОЛЬКО НЕ ЧЕРЕЗ ИНТЕРНЕТ-ПЕРЕВОДЧИКИ) НУЖЕН ГРАМОТНЫЙ ЧЕЛОВЕК, КОТОРЫЙ ПЕРЕВЕДЁТ САМ в лучшем виде! :) (и сделает дополнительные задания, указанные ниже).

Переведите выделенный отрывок текста на русский язык, задайте 10 вопросов разных типов на английском языке и подготовьте письменный пересказ главной идеи текста на английском языке.

SOME THEORETICAL ASPECTS OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION

Though there are different approaches to the field of public administration, this interdisciplinary subject nowadays has a quite strong theory that tries to take into account not only management subjects, but also the mix of administration, policy making, and politics.

Let us consider some issues of this theory and start with organization theory common to both public and private sectors.

The basic aspects of organization theory

The terms public and private convey very different connotations to the general public. Public organizations are commonly pictured as large mazes that employ bureaucrats to create red tape; private organizations, on the other hand, are viewed to be run by hard-nosed managers who worry about profit and consumers. Public organizations are pictured as wasteful; private organizations are often presented as efficient. Yet these perceptions of their differences do not withstand careful scrutiny. Both types of organizations have much in common.

Organization as bureaucracy

Whether in business or government organizations, a dominant form of any administration is bureaucracy. Bureaucracies are generally defined as organizations that (1) are large, (2) hi-erarchical in structure with each employee accountable to the top executive through a chain of command, (3) provide each employee with a clearly defined role and area of responsibility, (4) base their decisions on impersonal rules, and (5) hire and promote employees taking into account their skills and training related to specific jobs. Bureaucracy has promise but it may also create problems and abuses of power, especially in the absence of effective coordination.