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Вопрос 1. Translate the text: In capitalist economies, a predominant proportion of productive capacity has belonged to companies, in the sense of for-profit organizations. This include many forms of organizations that existed in earlier economic systems, such as sole proprietorships and partnerships. Non-profit organizations existing in capitalism include cooperatives, credit unions and communes. More unique to capitalism is the form of organization called corporation, which can be both for-profit and non-profit. This entity can act as a virtual person in many matters before the law. This gives some unique advantages to the owners, such as limited liability of the owners and perpetual lifetime beyond that of current owners. A special form of corporation is a corporation owned by shareholders who can sell their shares in a market. One can view shares as converting company ownership into a commodity - the ownership rights are divided into units (the shares) for ease of trading in them. Such share trading first took place widely in Europe during the 17th century and continued to develop and spread thereafter. When company ownership is spread among many shareholders, the shareholders generally have votes in the exercise of authority over the company in proportion to the size of their share of ownership. To a large degree, authority over productive capacity in capitalism has resided with the owners of companies. Within legal limits and the financial means available to them, the owners of each company can decide how it will operate. In larger companies, authority is usually delegated in a hierarchical or bureaucratic system of management. Importantly, the owners receive some of the profits or proceeds generated by the company, sometimes in the form of dividends, sometimes from selling their ownership at higher price than their initial cost. They may also re-invest the profit in the company which may increase future profits and value of the company. They may also liquidate the company, selling all of the equipment, land, and other assets, and split the proceeds between them. Вопрос 2. Choose the right variant: 1We now move on to late March when I imagine that the sick employees were fully ......... (a) restored (b) returned (c) retired (d) recovered 2and one of your technical staff came out to see me with the intention of replacing the ......... part. (a) defective (b) deficient (c) defining (d) defeating 3Unfortunately he had ......... the wrong part with him (a) delivered (b) fetched (c) brought (d) picked 4 and was very ......... as to when he would be able to find the right part and get it back to me. (a) unable (b) unsure (c) unskilled (d) untrained 5 Another visit took ......... in late April but the engineer, although he had got the right part with him, was unable to make the washing machine work. (a) position (b) spot (c) time (d) place 6It was at this stage that I was seriously considering getting ......... of the machine (a) rid (b) riddance (c) hold (d) loose 7 and asking for a ......... (a) repeat (b) refund (c) replace (d) return 8 When I ......... this matter with one of your staff (a) rose (b) risen (c) arose (d) raised 9 I was informed that this was out of the ......... (a) problem (b) concern (c) question (d) hand 10 and they would send someone in the '......... future'. (a) near (b) next (c) soon (d) coming Вопрос 3. Write 15-20 sentences on one of the given topics: 1. What kind of job would you like to apply for? What position would you like to have? 2. What do you think are the advantages of studying or working abroad? Are there any disadvantages? 3. What can you advise someone who wants to succeed?