иностранный язык в юриспруденции

Вопрос 1 Вопрос 1. Переведите текст письменно.

The English have given the world, notably North America and much of the Commonwealth, the system of English law that has acquired a status and universality to match Roman law. English law has its origins in Anglo-Saxon times, and two of its hallmarks are its preference for customary law (the common law) rather than statute law and its system of application by locally appointed part-time magistrates, by locally chosen juries, and by the traveling judges going from one county town (seat) to another on circuit. The Anglo-Saxon system was retained under the Normans but formalized; for example, beginning in the 13th century, case law was recorded to provide uniform precedents. In modern times there has been a greater reliance on the statute law contained in the thousands of acts of Parliament, but there are more than 300,000 recorded cases to turn to for precedent. Other aspects of English law are the fundamental assumption that an accused person is deemed innocent until proved guilty and the independence of the judiciary from intervention by crown or government in the judicial process.

The legal system is divided into civil and criminal courts. The House of Lords was the ultimate court of appeal for both civil and criminal cases brought through the High Court or the Court of Appeal until 2009, when that function was taken over by the newly established Supreme Court of the United Kingdom. In 1971 the Crown Court replaced the individual courts (quarter sessions and assizes), and it is now a single court that may sit anywhere in England, deal with any trial on indictment, and hear appeals and proceedings either on a sentence or on civil matters. At the base of the criminal court system, the magistrates’ courts hear all but a tiny proportion of criminal cases.

Вопрос 2. Выполните грамматическое задание:

Образуйте причастие I от глаголов, данных в скобках, и переведите предложения на русский язык.

1 Civil law is a law (to relate) to the rights and duties of individuals, organizations, and associations (such as companies, trade unions, and charities) as opposed to criminal law.

2 Judges have different titles (to depend) on their experience, training and level.

3 All cases (to deal) with goods, property, debt repayment, breach of contract are subject to Civil Procedure law.

4(To travel) in Central Africa, the explorers were acquainted with the customs of its peoples.

5 (To classify) national legal systems scholars also define legal families and groups of legal families.

6 (To speak) about the existing legal systems, we should mention the international law as a comparatively new legal community.

7 While (to consult) a client, a lawyer should always be efficient and professional.

8 (To follow) your advice we’ll succeed in this case.

9 (To compare, to contrast, and to qualify) these two cases we’ve come to the conclusion that their essence is very similar.

Объедините предложения, используя Infinitive.

Model 1: He broke into the house. He wanted to steal the jewellery. He broke into the house to steal the jewellery.

1I disclosed these facts. I wanted to guarantee your acquittal.

2The experts were called to the scene of the crime. They were to lift fingerprints.

3You will be called to the court. You will give evidence.

4The criminals broke into the garage. They wanted to steal a car.

5He shot at the policeman. He wanted to resist the arrest.

6They destroyed all the documents. They wanted to conceal the embezzlement.

Model 2: He is very experienced. He can investigate a murder case. He is experienced enough to investigate a murder case.

1The offence is not serious. It will not be tried by jury.

2The evidence is not convincing. The prosecution can"t accuse you of burglary.

3The thief was very smart. He escaped the arrest.

4The distinction between a robbery and a theft is clear. Everybody can understand it.

5The criminal was quite thin. He could slip between the bars.

Вопрос 3.

Напишите 15-20 предложений на одну из указанных тем:

If you could create one more law, what would it be?

Should business owners be allowed to discriminate by age when hiring someone?

Should people report their neighbors to the police for breaking COVID rules?