Задания по теоретической грамматике

1 Назовите типы оппозиций, найдите маркированного члена оппозиции. Среди примеров есть пары единиц без оппозиции.

a) speak – spoke;

b) speak – speaks;

c) speak – have spoken;

d) has spoken – had spoken;

e) speak – let us speak;

f) speak – are speaking;

g) to speak – to have spoken;

h) speak – was speaking;

i) girl – cry;

j) they – we;

k) he – she;

l) am – are.

2 Проанализируйте морфемный состав слова.

Mountains, oxen, grandfather`s tie, overhear, unseen, argument, childhood.

3 Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод глагола. Определите функцию глагола:

- знаменательный (смысловой);

- вспомогательный для образования грамматического времени;

- вспомогательный для образования условного наклонения;

- модальный

1. You shall do this work at once.

2. You should tell me the truth.

3. Do I need to read it?

4. Need you have paid so much?

5. I will come whether you like it or not.

6. I would (I'd) better shoot her once instead of shooting her lovers every week.

7. He should have driven more carefully.

8. They shall have this picture.

4 Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод герундия. По форме герундия определите:

- действие, происходящее одновременно;

- будущее действие;

- предшествующее действие;

- действие, безотносительное по времени свершения;

1. I’m sure of having read it once.

2. I remember having been shown the letter.

3. I remember seeing you once.

4. She was fond of singing when she was a child.

5. We think of going there in the summer.

6. He came in without knocking.

7. He had intended writing him.

8. I insist on being listened to.

9. Thank you for helping me.

10. He regretted now having written this letter.

5 Переведите предложения. Определите, в каком предложении есть:

- объектный инфинитивный оборот, или сложное дополнение;

- субъектный инфинитивный оборот, или сложное подлежащее;

- инфинитивный оборот с предлогом for.

1. I saw him cross the street.

2. I was supposed to meet him.

3. They made her come.

4. That’s for you to think on.

5. It’s necessary for me to know her new address.

6. I expect him to ask that question.

7. He is said to have returned at last.

8. The doctor told me to stay in bed.

9. He is unlikely to help you.

10. I have closed the window for you not to catch cold.

6 Охарактеризуйте приведенные ниже словосочетания по основным существенным признакам:

например: to wait for her – словосочетание с последовательно доминационными (подчинительными) связями; глагольное словосочетание (ядро – глагол to wait); объектное словосочетание (адъюнкт обозначает объект действия и выражен объектным местоимением her); подчинение осуществляется через управление (форма адъюнкта меняется, но не повторяет форму ядерного слова); прогрессивное словосочетание (адъюнкт следует за ядром).

these questions, to resemble them, he yawns, to see a figure, the many gestures, better days.

7 Дайте характеристику предложений:

1.      Their concert was a great success.

2.      He agreed to discuss the matter with her.

3.      Appeal and fear were in his glance.

4.      То see him is to worship him, to know him is to trust him.

5.      Being adored is a nuisance.

6.      Being out in a boat on the river Lea soon makes you smart at handling a craft.

7.      He will become an engineer.

8.      He must have regretted doing it.

9.      The fence surrounding our garden needs mending.

10.    We consider him to be very trustworthy.