21. Borrowings. (Waves of borrowings).
22. Define and exemplify the following terms: paradigm, lexeme, grammatical category
23. Define and exemplify the modality of assessment and the modality of irreality
24. Discuss the category of number in terms of the following oppositions: discrete vs. non-discrete objects, collective vs. singulative meanings, and regular vs. irregular plural forms.
25. English intonation phrase: its parts and notation symbols.
26. Etymology. Etymological structure of the English Vocabulary.
27. Explain and exemplify the lexical, grammatical and phonetic means of expressing modality
28. Explain and exemplify the referential function. Discuss the opposition of definiteness vs. indefiniteness, permanent definiteness vs. occasional definiteness, referent usage vs. non-referent usage, strong indefiniteness vs. weak indefiniteness
29. Explain and exemplify the role of passive constructions in English
30. Explain the difference between deictic and taxic characteristic