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The political system оf great britain
The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. This means that it has a monarch (a king or a queen) as its head of state. Everything today is done in the Queen's name (Hex Majesty the Queen Elizabeth II). She approves all the Ministers, including the Prime Minister. But the monarchy today has practically no power. The monarch reigns with the support of the parliament
A parliament is a group of people who make the laws of their country. British Parliament consists of two Houses: the House of Lords and the House of Commons and the Queen as its head.
The House of Commons plays the main role in lawmaking. It consists of 650 members of Parliament who are elected for a period of five years.
The House of Lords has more than 1.000 members, although only about 250 take an active part in the work of the House. The members of the House of Lords are not elected, they inherit their seats in Parliament. The chairman of the House of Lords is the Lord Chanceltar and he sits on a special seat called the Woolsack. It shows that wool made England rich.
Members of the House of Commons belong to different political parties, and the party which gets the majority seats in the House is called the ruling party, and the others - the opposition.
The main British political groups are the Conservative and Labour Parties and the Party of Liberal Democrats. The Conservative Party is the ruling party,, the Labour Party - (he opposition to the Conservatives. The Conservative Party is often called the Tory Party. It is the party of big business, industry, commerce and landowners..
The Conservative Party and the Liberal Party are more than three hundred years old. The Liberals were called "Whigs". It was the party of trading and manufacturing classes. .
The Labour Party was formed in 1900. It was founded by the Trade Unions, but had not done much to change the conditions of the working class.
Among the other political parties of Great Britain there are Social Democratic 'Party, the Scottish National and Welsh Nationalist Parties, the Communist Party of Great Britain.
The largest cities of great britain
Great Britain is mainly an industrial country. That's why most of the people live there in large towns. The largest cities of Great Britain are London, Birmingham, Glasgow, Liverpool, Manchester, Bristol, Leeds, Edinburgh and others. London is the capital of England and the capital of the United Kingdom, too. It is a very big city. Its population is more than 11 million people. London stands on the river Thames. The Thames is rather a deep river, so all kinds of ships can come into London port. That makes London one of the biggest sea ports of, the1 world. London is also one of the main ship-building centres. Besides, lots of things such as clothes, food, airplanes and cars are made in London.
Birmingham is the biggest town in an important industrial region in the centre of England. Machines, cars and lorries as well as TV- and radiosets are produced there.
Manchester in the north-west of England is the centre of the cotton textile industry. Here computers, electronic equipment, various machines, foods and other things are made.
Glasgow is the biggest city of Scotland. Shipbuilding is one of its most important industries. Other industries are iron and steel manufacture, heavy and light engineering and coal mining. It's an industrial city and an important port.
The largest city of Wales is Cardiff, its capital. It is an important industrial city and a port. It is also an administrative and educational centre.
Belfast, the capital of Northern Ireland is the leading industrial centre and a large port. Its chief industries are the production of linen and' other textiles, clothing, shipbuilding, engineer